Cited by 170Obesity, Physical Activity, DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsPhysical Activity and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Obesity paradoxes

McAuley, Paul A., Blair, Steven N.·2011·Journal of Sports Sciences

DOI 10.1080/02640414.2011.553965

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In this review, we examine the original obesity paradox phenomenon (i.e. in cardiovascular disease populations, obese patients survive better), as well as three other related paradoxes (pre-obesity, "fat but fit" theory, and "healthy" obesity). An obesity paradox has been reported in a range of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. Pre-obesity (defined as a body mass index of 25.0-29.9 kg · m⁻²) presents another paradox. Whereas "overweight" implies increased risk, it is in fact associated with decreased mortality risk compared with normal weight. Another paradox concerns the observation than when fitness is taken into account, the mortality risk associated with obesity is offset. The final paradox under consideration is the presence of a sizeable subset of obese individuals who are otherwise healthy. Consequently, a large segment of the overweight and obese population is not at increased risk for premature death. It appears therefore that low cardiorespiratory fitness and inactivity are a greater health threat than obesity, suggesting that more emphasis should be placed on increasing leisure time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as the main strategy for reducing mortality risk in the broad population of overweight and obese adults.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/02640414.2011.553965

Cites

85 of 85 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. Adults
Calle, E. E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K., & Thun, M. J. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021423 · Cited by 7,696
Physical Activity and Public Health: Updated Recommendation for Adults From the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association
(2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.185649 · Cited by 6,545
Self-citation
Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies
Prospective Studies Collaboration (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60318-4 · Cited by 4,807
Body-Mass Index and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Adults
Calle, E. E., Thun, M. J., Petrelli, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Heath, C. W. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199910073411501 · Cited by 3,643
Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Quantitative Predictor of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Healthy Men and Women: A Meta-analysis
Kodama, S. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.681 · Cited by 3,035
International Journal of Obesity
(2019) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/41366.1476-5497 · Cited by 2,089
Association of bodyweight with total mortality and with cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease: a systematic review of cohort studies
Romero-Corral, A., Montori, V. M., Somers, V. K., Korinek, J., Thomas, R. J., Allison, T. G., Mookadam, F., & Lopez-Jimenez, F. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69251-9 · Cited by 1,652
The Obese Without Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering and the Normal Weight With Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering: Prevalence and Correlates of 2 Phenotypes Among the US Population (NHANES 1999-2004)
Wildman, R. P. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1617 · Cited by 1,618
Cause-Specific Excess Deaths Associated With Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity
Flegal, K. M., Graubard, B. I., Williamson, D. F., & Gail, M. H. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.17.2028 · Cited by 1,542
Relationship Between Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mortality in Normal-Weight, Overweight, and Obese Men
Wei, M. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1547 · Cited by 1,168

Show all 85 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

1998, Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity inadults: The evidence report
1995, Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry

Sorted by citations

Understanding the mechanisms and treatment options in cancer cachexia
Fearon, K. C. H., Arends, J., & Baracos, V. E. (2012) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.209 · Cited by 952
Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
Lavie, C. J., McAuley, P. A., Church, T. S., Milani, R. V., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.022 · Cited by 685
Self-citation
The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: a Review
Lennon, H., Sperrin, M., Badrick, E., & Renehan, A. G. (2016) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-016-0539-4 · Cited by 614
The intriguing metabolically healthy but obese phenotype: cardiovascular prognosis and role of fitness
Ortega, F. B., Lee, D.-C., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs174 · Cited by 482
Self-citation
A Pooled Analysis of Waist Circumference and Mortality in 650,000 Adults
Cerhan, J. R., Moore, S. C., Jacobs, E. J., Kitahara, C. M., Rosenberg, P. S., Adami, H.-O., Ebbert, J. O., English, D. R., Gapstur, S. M., Giles, G. G., et al. (2014) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.011 · Cited by 443
Obesity and Heart Failure: Focus on the Obesity Paradox
Carbone, S., Lavie, C. J., & Arena, R. A. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.11.001 · Cited by 298
The Obesity Paradox, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Coronary Heart Disease
McAuley, P. A., Artero, E. G., Sui, X., Lee, D.-C., Church, T. S., Lavie, C. J., MYERS, J. N., España‐Romero, V., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.01.013 · Cited by 288
Self-citation
Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue
Saxton, S. N., Clark, B., Withers, S., Eringa, E. C., & Heagerty, A. M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2018 · Cited by 290
The obesity paradox: Understanding the effect of obesity on mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease
Banack, H. R., & Kaufman, J. S. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.003 · Cited by 237
Towards a multidisciplinary approach to understand and manage obesity and related diseases
Bischoff, S. C., Boirie‌, Y., Cederholm, T., Chourdakis, M., Cuerda, C., Delzenne, N. M., Deutz, N. E. P., Fouque, D. P., Genton, L., Gil, C., et al. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.007 · Cited by 223
The Obesity Paradox in Stroke: Lower Mortality and Lower Risk of Readmission for Recurrent Stroke in Obese Stroke Patients
Andersen, K. K., & Olsen, T. S. (2013) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/ijs.12016 · Cited by 201
Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects
Thomas, E. L., Frost, G. S., Taylor-Robinson, S. D., & Bell, J. D. (2012) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422412000054 · Cited by 203
Obesity, Health at Every Size, and Public Health Policy
Bombak, A. E. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301486 · Cited by 221
Whole body fat: Content and distribution
Thomas, E. L., Fitzpatrick, J. A., Malik, S., Taylor-Robinson, S. D., & Bell, J. D. (2013) · Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.04.001 · Cited by 177
Diet, exercise or diet with exercise: comparing the effectiveness of treatment options for weight-loss and changes in fitness for adults (18–65 years old) who are overfat, or obese; systematic review and meta-analysis
Clark, J. E. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40200-015-0154-1 · Cited by 158
The “Obesity Paradox” Explained
Banack, H. R., & Kaufman, J. S. (2013) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31828c776c · Cited by 137
Prevalence, Awareness, and Risk Factors of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Kim, K. E., Kim, M. J., Park, K. H., Jeoung, J. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, C. Y., & Kang, S. W. (2015) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.11.004 · Cited by 133
The Obesity Paradox and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of a Decade of Evidence
Oga, E. A., & Eseyin, O. R. (2016) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2016/9040248 · Cited by 141
Contribution of Cardiorespiratory Fitness to the Obesity Paradox
McAuley, P. A., & Beavers, K. M. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.006 · Cited by 127
Self-citation
Increased Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated With Excessive Exercise in Heart Attack Survivors
Williams, P. T., & Thompson, P. D. (2014) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.05.006 · Cited by 126
Relation of Childhood Obesity/Cardiometabolic Phenotypes to Adult Cardiometabolic Profile: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Li, S., Chen, W., Srinivasan, S. R., Xu, J., & Berenson, G. S. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws236 · Cited by 122
Does selection bias explain the obesity paradox among individuals with cardiovascular disease?
Banack, H. R., & Kaufman, J. S. (2015) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.02.008 · Cited by 120
Can Diet and Lifestyle Prevent Breast Cancer: What Is the Evidence?
Harvie, M., Howell, A., & Evans, D. G. (2015) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e66 · Cited by 120
Body Mass Index, Outcomes, and Mortality Following Cardiac Surgery in Ontario, Canada
Johnson, A. P., Parlow, J. L., Whitehead, M., Xu, J., Rohland, S. L., & Milne, B. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002140 · Cited by 113
Effect of male and female body mass index on pregnancy and live birth success after in vitro fertilization
Schliep, K. C., Mumford, S. L., Ahrens, K. A., Hotaling, J. M., Carrell, D. T., Link, M., Hinkle, S. N., Kissell, K., Porucznik, C. A., & Hammoud, A. O. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.10.048 · Cited by 106
Obesity: a disease or a biological adaptation? An update
Chaput, J., Doucet, É., & Tremblay, A. (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.00992.x · Cited by 91
Obesity and Mortality, Length of Stay and Hospital Cost among Patients with Sepsis: A Nationwide Inpatient Retrospective Cohort Study
Nguyễn, A. T., Tsai, C., Hwang, L., Lai, D., Markham, C. M., & Patel, B. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154599 · Cited by 75
Visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation in the obesity paradox in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a retrospective cohort study
Lee, J. H., Hyung, S., Lee, J., & Choi, S. (2022) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2022-005226 · Cited by 79
Moderate overweight is beneficial and severe obesity detrimental for patients with documented atherosclerotic heart disease
Azimi, A., Charlot, M. G., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Gislason, G., Køber, L., Jensen, L. O., Thayssen, P., Ravkilde, J., Tilsted, H., Lassen, J. F., et al. (2013) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303066 · Cited by 69
Health literacy in schools: prioritising health and well-being issues through the curriculum
Kilgour, L., Matthews, N., Christian, P., & Shire, J. (2015) · Sport, Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2013.769948 · Cited by 68
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength as Mediators of the Influence of Fatness on Academic Achievement
García‐Hermoso, A., Esteban‐Cornejo, I., Olloquequi, J., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.037 · Cited by 63
Public health pedagogy, border crossings and physical activity at every size
Mansfield, L., & Rich, E. (2013) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581596.2013.783685 · Cited by 66
Body Mass Index and Stroke: Overweight and Obesity Less Often Associated with Stroke Recurrence
Andersen, K. K., & Olsen, T. S. (2013) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.06.031 · Cited by 58
Associations between domains of physical activity, sitting time, and different measures of overweight and obesity
Wanner, M., Martin, B. W., Autenrieth, C. S., Schaffner, E., Meier, F., Brombach, C., Stolz, D., Bauman, A. E., Rochat, T., Schindler, C., et al. (2016) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.01.007 · Cited by 58
Body Mass Index and Mortality in a Very Large Cohort: Is It Really Healthier to Be Overweight?
Klatsky, A. L., Zhang, J., Udaltsova, N. V., Li, Y., & Tran, H. (2017) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/16-142 · Cited by 59
Body composition and frailty profiles in Brazilian older people: Frailty in Brazilian Older People Study-FIBRA-BR
Ferriolli, E., Pessanha, F. P. A. D. S., Moreira, V. G., Dias, R. C., Neri, A. L., & Lourenço, R. A. (2017) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2017.03.008 · Cited by 52
Arterial stiffness, lifestyle intervention and a low‐calorie diet in morbidly obese patients—A nonrandomized clinical trial
Nordstrand, N., Gjevestad, E. S., Hertel, J. K., Johnson, L. K., Saltvedt, E., Røislien, J., & Hjelmesaeth, J. S. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20099 · Cited by 51
Obese persons’ physical activity experiences and motivations across weight changes: a qualitative exploratory study
Bombak, A. E. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2456-0 · Cited by 51
Non-linear Associations Between Visceral Adiposity Index and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: Results From the NHANES (1999–2018)
Zhang, Y., He, Q., Zhang, W., Yang, X. W., Shen, S., Yang, J., & Ye, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.908020 · Cited by 48
Obesity, physical activity and cancer risks: Results from the Cancer, Lifestyle and Evaluation of Risk Study (CLEAR)
Nunez, C. A., Bauman, A. E., Egger, S. J., Sitas, F., & Nair‐Shalliker, V. (2017) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2017.01.002 · Cited by 49
Association of obesity and long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction with and without diabetes mellitus: results from the MONICA/KORA myocardial infarction registry
Colombo, M. G., Meisinger, C., Amann, U., Heier, M., von Scheidt, W., Kuch, B., Peters, A., & Kirchberger, I. (2015) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0189-0 · Cited by 43
Does the obesity paradox apply to early postoperative complications after hip surgery? A retrospective chart review
Shaparin, N., Widyn, J., Nair, S., Kho, I., Geller, D., & Delphin, E. S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.12.037 · Cited by 43
Dietary approaches to weight-loss, Health At Every Size® and beyond: rethinking the war on obesity
Bombak, A. E., Monaghan, L. F., & Rich, E. (2018) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/s41285-018-0070-9 · Cited by 52
Obesity paradox and heart failure
Donataccio, M. P., Vanzo, A., & Bosello, O. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-00982-9 · Cited by 42
The associations of “fatness,” “fitness,” and physical activity with all‐cause mortality in older adults: A systematic review
Yerrakalva, D., Mullis, R., & Mant, J. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21181 · Cited by 40
Obesity is associated with improved postoperative overall survival, independent of skeletal muscle mass in lung adenocarcinoma
Lee, J. H., Yoon, Y. C., Kim, H. S., Cha, M. J., Kim, J., Kim, K., & Kim, H. S. (2022) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12956 · Cited by 38
Physical activity, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men during a median of 30 years of follow-up
Carlsson, A. C., Ärnlöv, J., Sundström, J., Michaëlsson, K., Byberg, L., & Lind, L. (2015) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487314568034 · Cited by 38
Meta-analysis of the effect of bariatric surgery on physical function
Adil, M. T., Jain, V., Rashid, F., Al‐Taan, O., Whitelaw, D., & Jambulingam, P. S. (2018) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.10880 · Cited by 39
Association between bullying victimization and physical fitness among children and adolescents
García‐Hermoso, A., Oriol, X., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2019) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.02.006 · Cited by 40
Obesity Bias in the Gym: An Under-recognized Social Justice, Diversity, and Inclusivity Issue
Cardinal, B. J., Whitney, A. R., Narimatsu, M., Hubert, N., & Souza, B. (2014) · Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance · doi:10.1080/07303084.2014.927668 · Cited by 36
The Contribution of Applied Social Sciences to Obesity Stigma-Related Public Health Approaches
Bombak, A. E. (2014) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2014/267286 · Cited by 35
The proportion of cancer-related entries in PubMed has increased considerably; is cancer truly “The Emperor of All Maladies”?
Reyes‐Aldasoro, C. C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173671 · Cited by 36
Body Mass Index and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Decreasing Mortality with Increasing Body Mass Index
Hughes, J. D., Samarage, H. M., Burrows, A. M., Lanzino, G. S., & Rabinstein, A. A. (2015) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.07.019 · Cited by 31
Use of anthropometry for the prediction of regional body tissue distribution in adults: benefits and limitations in clinical practice.
Scafoglieri, A., Clarys, J. P., Cattrysse, E., & Bautmans, I. (2014) · PubMed Central · doi:10.14366/ad.2014.0500373 · Cited by 36
Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities: fitness versus fatness
Croci, I., Hickman, I. J., Wood, R. E., Borrani, F., Macdonald, G. A., & Byrne, N. M. (2014) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0144 · Cited by 30
Older Adults’ Physical Activity and Healthcare Costs, 2003–2014
Sato, M., Du, J., Inoue, Y., Funk, D. C., & Weaver, F. M. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.009 · Cited by 30
Overweight and Class I Obesity Are Associated with Lower 10-Year Risk of Mortality in Brazilian Older Adults: The Bambuí Cohort Study of Ageing
Beleigoli, A. M. R., Boersma, E. H., Diniz, M. D. F. H. S., Lima‐Costa, M. F., & Ribeiro, A. L. P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052111 · Cited by 31
The Obesity Paradox and Cardiorespiratory Fitness
McAuley, P. A., Smith, N. S., Emerson, B. T., & MYERS, J. N. (2012) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2012/951582 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
Fitness but not weight status is associated with projected physical independence in older adults
Sardinha, L. B., Cyrino, E. S., dos Santos, L., Ekelund, U., & Santos, D. A. (2016) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-016-9911-4 · Cited by 29
Handgrip strength attenuates the adverse effects of overweight on cardiometabolic risk factors among collegiate students but not in individuals with higher fat levels
García‐Hermoso, A., Tordecilla‐Sanders, A., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., Peterson, M. D., Izquierdo, M., Prieto‐Benavides, D. H., Sandoval-Cuéllar, C., González‐Ruíz, K., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43471-5 · Cited by 27
Impact of Body Mass Index on mortality in Swiss hospital patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: does an obesity paradox exist?
Witassek, F., Schwenkglenks, M. M., Erné, P., & Radovanović, D. (2014) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2014.13986 · Cited by 26
Differences in hemodynamic response to metaboreflex activation between obese patients with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects with obese phenotype
Milia, R., Velluzzi, F., Roberto, S., Palazzolo, G., Sanna, I., Sainas, G., Pusceddu, M. M., Mulliri, G., Loviselli, A., & Crisafulli, A. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2015 · Cited by 26
Health Outcomes in Relation to Physical Activity Status, Overweight/Obesity, and History of Overweight/Obesity: A Review of the WATCH Paradigm
Dankel, S. J., Loenneke, J. P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0641-7 · Cited by 26
Fatness mediates the influence of muscular fitness on metabolic syndrome in Colombian collegiate students
García‐Hermoso, A., Carrillo, H. A., González‐Ruíz, K., Vivas, A., Triana-Reina, H. R., Martínez-Torres, J., Prieto‐Benavides, D. H., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., Ramos-Sepúlveda, J. A., Villa‐González, E., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173932 · Cited by 24
Association between body mass index and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in multiethnic South East Asian population: a retrospective analysis of the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Database—Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (NCVD-PCI) registry
Azhari, Z., Ismail, M. D., Zuhdi, A. S. M., Sari, N. M., Abidin, I. Z., & Ahmad, W. A. W. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017794 · Cited by 24
Metabolic Profiles Associated with Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder: a Narrative Review of the Literature
Byanyima, J. I., Li, X., Vesslee, S. A., Kranzler, H. R., Shi, Z., & Wiers, C. E. (2023) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-023-00493-4 · Cited by 21
The impact of overweight/obesity duration and physical activity on telomere length: An application of the WATCH paradigm
Dankel, S. J., Loenneke, J. P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2016) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2016.11.002 · Cited by 23
A discourse analysis of school girls engagement with fat pedagogy and critical health education: rethinking the childhood ‘obesity scandal’
Rich, E., Monaghan, L. F., & Bombak, A. E. (2019) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2019.1566121 · Cited by 22
Reduced peak oxygen uptake and implications for cardiovascular health and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia
Heggelund, J., Hoff, J., Helgerud, J., Nilsberg, G. E., & Morken, G. (2011) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-188 · Cited by 22
METABOLIC SYNDROME: CHALLENGING AND UNRESOLVED ISSUES
Чумакова, Г. А., Veselovskaya, N. G., Gritsenko, O. V., & Ott, A. (2014) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2014-3-63-71 · Cited by 22
Is the Obesity Paradox in Cardiac Surgery Really a Myth? Effect of Body Mass Index on Early and Late Clinical Outcomes
Burgos, L. M., Ramírez, A. G., Seoane, L., Espinoza, J., Furmento, J., Costabel, J. P., Benzadón, M., & Navia, D. (2020) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.051 · Cited by 22
Elevated Chinese visceral adiposity index increases the risk of stroke in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome
Liu, Z., Huang, Q., Bi, D., Wei, M., Feng, X., Yu, F., Feng, J., Du, Y., & Xia, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1218905 · Cited by 21
How shape-based anthropometry can complement traditional anthropometric techniques: a cross-sectional study
Thelwell, M., Chiu, C., Bullas, A. M., Hart, J., Wheat, J. S., & Choppin, S. B. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69099-4 · Cited by 21
Benefits of a worksite or home‐based bench stepping intervention for sedentary middle‐aged adults – a pilot study
Mair, J. L., Boreham, C. A., Ditroilo, M., McKeown, D. J., Lowery, M. M., Caulfield, B., & VITO, G. D. (2013) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12056 · Cited by 20
An overview of the contribution of fatness and fitness factors, and the role of exercise, in the formation of health status for individuals who are overweight
Clark, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/2251-6581-11-19 · Cited by 19
Dieta mediterránea, estado de peso y actividad física en escolares de la Región de Murcia
Guillamón, A. R., López, P. J. C., Cantó, E. G., Soto, J. J. P., Marcos, L. T., & López, P. J. T. (2018) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.arteri.2018.09.002 · Cited by 19
Does the fat-but-fit paradigm hold true for all-cause mortality when considering the duration of overweight/obesity? Analyzing the WATCH (Weight, Activity and Time Contributes to Health) paradigm
Dankel, S. J., Loenneke, J. P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.002 · Cited by 19
Main and interactive effects of physical activity, fitness and body mass in the prevention of cancer from the Copenhagen Male Study
Nunez, C. A., Clausen, J. S. R., Jensen, M. T., Holtermann, A., Gyntelberg, F., & Bauman, A. E. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30280-5 · Cited by 18
Overcoming weight bias: promoting physical activity and psychosocial health
Watkins, P. L., Ebbeck, V., & Levy, S. S. (2014) · Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care · doi:10.1108/eihsc-11-2013-0043 · Cited by 18
Application of the “Fat-but-Fit” paradigm in predicting 10-yr risk for an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event using the pooled cohort risk equations among US adults
Loprinzi, P. D. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.057 · Cited by 17
The obesity paradox — A scientific artifact?
Gielen, S., & Sandri, M. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.01.089 · Cited by 18
Clinical Outcomes of Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue Characteristics Assessed in Patients Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Shibata, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamada, S., Kobayashi, T., Morita, S., Kagase, A., Tokuda, T., Shimura, T., Tsunaki, T., Tada, N., et al. (2020) · CJC Open · doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2020.09.019 · Cited by 16
Physical activity, weight status, and mortality among congestive heart failure patients
Loprinzi, P. D. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.180 · Cited by 16
Accelerometer-determined physical activity and all-cause mortality in a national prospective cohort study of hypertensive adults
Loprinzi, P. D. (2016) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000869 · Cited by 16
The effect of body mass index on stroke prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 cohort studies with 330,353 patients
Qin, J., Zhang, T., Chen, Y., Wei, X., Yang, Y., Yuan, Y., Guo, J., Han, L., & Ma, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1177/17474930241255031 · Cited by 15
The WATCH (Weight Activity and Time Contributes to Health) paradigm and quality of life: the impact of overweight/obesity duration on the association between physical activity and health-related quality of life
Dankel, S. J., Loenneke, J. P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.12797 · Cited by 15
Perspectives on Increasing Positive Attitudes Toward Larger Members in Fitness Centers
Souza, B., & Ebbeck, V. (2017) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2017.1337822 · Cited by 15
Long-term effects of physical activity prescription after bariatric surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Olsén, M. F., Wiklund, M., Sandberg, E., Lundqvist, S., & Dean, E. (2021) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2021.1885087 · Cited by 17
Use of Anthropometry for the Prediction of Regional Body Tissue Distribution in Adults: Benefits and Limitations in Clinical Practice
Scafoglieri, A., Jan, P. C., Cattrysse, E., & Bautmans, I. (2014) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2014.05003743 · Cited by 15
Differences in anthropometric measures in immigrants and Swedish-born individuals: Results from two community-based cohort studies
Carlsson, A. C., Wändell, P. E., Risérus, U., Ärnlöv, J., Borné, Y., Engström, G., Leander, K., Gigante, B., Hellénius, M.-L., & Fairé, U. D. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.09.020 · Cited by 14
Body Mass Index and Overall Outcome Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Obesity Paradox?
Damodara, N., Amuluru, K., Nuoman, R., Bowers, C. A., Khandelwal, P., Moseley, S., Alshammari, H., El-Ghanem, M. H., Gandhi, C. D., & Al‐Mufti, F. (2020) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.042 · Cited by 14
Cardiorespiratory fitness and activity explains the obesity-deprivation relationship in children
Nevill, A. M., Duncan, M. J., Lahart, I. M., & SANDERCOCK, G. R. H. (2016) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daw106 · Cited by 14
Obesity Stigma and Negative Perceptions of Political Leadership Competence
Bresnahan, M., Zhuang, J., Zhu, Y., Anderson, J., & Nelson, J. C. (2016) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764216657383 · Cited by 13
Mediterranean diet, weight status and physical activity in schoolchildren of the Region of Murcia
Guillamón, A. R., López, P. J. C., Cantó, E. G., Soto, J. J. P., Marcos, L. T., & López, P. J. T. (2019) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2019.01.001 · Cited by 13
Determinants of Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Slums of Nairobi, Kenya
Wekesah, F. M., Klipstein‐Grobusch, K., Grobbee, D. E., Kadengye, D. T., Asiki, G., & Kyobutungi, C. K. (2020) · Global Heart · doi:10.5334/gh.787 · Cited by 13
Modelling the association between weight status and social deprivation in English school children: Can physical activity and fitness affect the relationship?
Nevill, A. M., Duncan, M. J., Lahart, I. M., & SANDERCOCK, G. R. H. (2015) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2015.1115126 · Cited by 12
Obesity‐related health status is a better predictor of pregnancy with fertility treatment than body mass index: a prospective study
Paterson, N., Sharma, A. M., Maxwell, C. V., & Greenblatt, E. M. (2016) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12149 · Cited by 13
Cardiometabolic healthy obesity paradigm and all-cause mortality risk
Loprinzi, P. D., & Frith, E. (2017) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.05.013 · Cited by 12
Men’s reactions to receiving objective feedback on their weight, BMI and other health risk indicators
Donnachie, C., Wyke, S., & Hunt, K. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5179-1 · Cited by 14
Effects of intensive lifestyle intervention and gastric bypass on aortic stiffness: A 1‐year nonrandomized clinical study
Gjevestad, E. S., Hjelmesaeth, J. S., Sandbu, R., & Nordstrand, N. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20880 · Cited by 13

Authors: McAuley, P. A., & Blair, S. N.
Affiliations: Winston-Salem State University (US)
University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author: McAuley, Paul A.
ORCID: McAuley, Paul A.
Blair, Steven N.
Venue: Journal of Sports Sciences
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2011-05
Volume: 29
Issue: 8
Pages: 773-782
ISSN: 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
1466-447X
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.553965
OpenAlex: W4235277499
Cited by: 170
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 2.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: obesity paradox, pre-obesity, overweight, metabolically healthy obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical inactivity, mortality risk, cardiovascular disease, body mass index, physical activity
MeSH terms: Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Obesity, Physical Fitness, Body Mass Index

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Obesity paradoxes

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks