The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healthy adults during the winter months in the UK: implications for skeletal muscle function
Abstract
The current study implemented a two-part design to (1) assess the vitamin D concentration of a large cohort of non-vitamin D supplemented UK-based athletes and 30 age-matched healthy non-athletes and (2) to examine the effects of 5000 IU · day(-1) vitamin D(3) supplementation for 8-weeks on musculoskeletal performance in a placebo controlled trial. Vitamin D concentration was determined as severely deficient if serum 25(OH)D < 12.5 nmol · l(-1), deficient 12.5-30 nmol · l(-1) and inadequate 30-50 nmol · l(-1). We demonstrate that 62% of the athletes (38/61) and 73% of the controls (22/30) exhibited serum total 25(OH)D < 50 nmol · l(-1). Additionally, vitamin D supplementation increased serum total 25(OH)D from baseline (mean ± SD = 29 ± 25 to 103 ± 25 nmol · l(-1), P = 0.0028), whereas the placebo showed no significant change (53 ± 29 to 74 ± 24 nmol · l(-1), P = 0.12). There was a significant increase in 10 m sprint times (P = 0.008) and vertical-jump (P = 0.008) in the vitamin D group whereas the placebo showed no change (P = 0.587 and P = 0.204 respectively). The current data supports previous findings that athletes living at Northerly latitudes (UK = 53° N) exhibit inadequate vitamin D concentrations (<50 nmol · l(-1)). Additionally the data suggests that inadequate vitamin D concentration is detrimental to musculoskeletal performance in athletes. Future studies using larger athletic groups are now warranted.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It is widely known that supplementation with high doses of 5000–10,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 is effective in treating athletes with 25(OH)D deficiency [9,14,42].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“It has been estimated that during the winter season, almost 60% of outdoor athletes and 64% of indoor athletes have a level of 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL, which indicates insufficiency of vitamin D [11,12,13,14,15].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In the studies of Jastrzebska [7] and Close [14], vitamin D supplementation in a high dose of 5000 IU per day for 8 weeks improved vertical jump height, 10 m sprint times and VO2max in competitive soccer players [7,14].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In our laboratory, we have reported detrimental effects on muscle function when concentrations are below 30nmol/L [140] with no performance enhancing effects of vitamin D supplements if the starting concentration is around 50nmol/L [145].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [140]
In the citing paper
“This emerging knowledge, combined with a plethora of research suggesting that many athletes are vitamin D deficient [140], largely due to a sun-shy lifestyle and poor dietary sources of vitamin D, even those living in sunny climates [141] has resulted in vitamin D being one of the most widely supplemented vitamins in sports nutrition.”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [140]
Citations
Cites
Norman, A. W. (1979) · Cited by 3,769
Holick, M. F. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1678s · Cited by 2,799
Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences
Holick, M. F., & Chen, T. C. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1080s · Cited by 2,689
Dusso, A., Brown, A. J., & Slatopolsky, E. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00336.2004 · Cited by 1,177
Hathcock, J. N., Shao, A. E., Vieth, R., & Heaney, R. P. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.1.6 · Cited by 883
Vitamin D in preventive medicine: are we ignoring the evidence?
Zittermann, A. (2003) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2003837 · Cited by 872
McCollum Award Lecture, 1994: Vitamin D—new horizons for the 21st century
Holick, M. F. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.4.619 · Cited by 634
Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Human Muscle Tissue Decreases with Age
Bischoff-Ferrari, H., Borchers, M., Gudat, F., Dürmüller, U., Stähelin, H., & Dick, W. (2004) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.2004.19.2.265 · Cited by 585
Hypovitaminosis D Myopathy Without Biochemical Signs of Osteomalacic Bone Involvement
Glerup, H., Mikkelsen, K., Poulsen, L., Hass, E. E., Overbeck, S., Andersen, H., Charles, P., & Eriksen, E. F. (2000) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s002230010085 · Cited by 514
Dawson‐Hughes, B., Dallal, G. E., Krall, E. A., Harris, S. S., Sokoll, L. J., & Falconer, G. (1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-115-7-505 · Cited by 499
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Baechle T., 2008, Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning3rd ed.
- Bescos Garcia R., 2011, Nutricion Hospitalaria, 26, 945
- Cannell J.J., 2008, Alternative Medicine Reviews, 13, 6
- Getchell B., 1979, Physical fitness: A way of life2nd ed.
- Hamilton B., 2010, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 182
- Soliman A., 2008, Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews, 6, 155
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–244 of 244
Vitamina D na prática esportiva: o que vêm sendo evidenciado?
dos Santos, L. P., Lima, C. L. S., & Lira, S. M. (2020) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4588 · Cited by 1
Nutrition interventions in bed rest trials
Safer, U., Taşçı, İ., Cintosun, Ü., & Safer, V. B. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00453.2014 · Cited by 1
Michalczyk, M. M., Roczniok, R., & Gołaś, A. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0521.v1 · Cited by 1
He, C.-S. (2015) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)
Carey, L. F. (2014) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Reid, K. (2015) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0216
The impact of vitamin D supplementation on athletic performance
Kerr, T. (2015) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)
Vitamin D Deficiency and Physical Performance in Athletes
Fitzgerald, J. S. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Vitamin D and Exercise Performance
Volpe, S. L. (2014) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000036
Baumann, A. C. K. (2013) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Nutritional interventions to preserve skeletal muscle mass
Backx, E. M. P. (2016) · doi:10.18174/389376
The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin D and Exercise
Forney, L. A. (2014) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.3667
Liste alphabétique des données
Laure, P., & Dine, G. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-76041-9.00001-5
Vitamin D and Physical Performance: What Is the Ergogenic Actions of Vitamin D?
dos Santos, R. N., & Lazaretti‐Castro, M. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.81609
Витамин D: роль в спорте и спортивной медицине (обзор литературы)
Дмитриев, А., & Калинчев, А. (2017) · The Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Series pedagogy · doi:10.32652/olympic2017.1_%x
Roy, K.-A. (2019) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
The Relation of Vitamin D Levels to Isokinetic Muscular Strength In Adolescent Athletes
Ercan, S. (2019) · Acta Medica Alanya · doi:10.30565/medalanya.527532
The influence of Vitamin D on in vivo immunity
KASHI, D. S. (2019)
Sporcularda D Vitamininin Fiziksel Performans Üzerindeki Etkileri
Demirer, B., ŞİMŞEK, A., & Güneş, M. (2020) · Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.38021/asbid.729441
Manfaat Vitamin D untuk Pemain Sepak Bola : Mini Literature Review
Yustika, G. P., Santoso, E. B., Hadi, C., & Sumartiningsih, S. (2020) · Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia · doi:10.15294/miki.v10i1.18426
Bone health and high-performace athletes
Stewart, K. L. (2020) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.203100
Is there utility to genetic information in elite sport?
Pickering, C. (2020) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.25902.54081 · Cited by 1
Recent Advance on Vitamin D in Athletes
Cho, J., Park, S. H., & Song, H. (2021) · Exercise Science · doi:10.15857/ksep.2021.30.3.278
Ransone, J. W., Bilsborough, J. C., & Markin, K. (2022) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v10i5.2834
Langley, C. K., Onambélé-Pearson, G. L., Sims, D. T., Hussain, A. W., Mohindra, R. K., Kershaw, B. L., & Morse, C. I. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1877491/v1
Gomes, R. G. D. O. (2023) · International Journal of Nutrology · doi:10.54448/ijn23202
Vitamin D and muscle performance in athletes and older adults
Ceglia, L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91386-7.00038-6
Траверсе, Г., Горошко, В. І., & Горопашна, С. (2023) · Спортивна медицина фізична терапія та ерготерапія · doi:10.32652/spmed.2023.2.49-56
Nutrition Needs During Recovery Following Athletic Injury
Melin, A., Spanoudaki, M., Andersen, J. R., & Papadopoulo, S. Κ. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_304-1 · Cited by 1
Merayo, A., Rodas, G., Sans, O., Iranzo, Á., & Capdevila, L. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.10.17.24315671
Nutrition Needs During Recovery Following Athletic Injury
Melin, A., Spanoudaki, M., Andersen, J. R., & Papadopoulou, S. Κ. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58351-3_304
Immune Support for Athletes: Nanotech Approaches
Karmakar, D., Das, A., Govindasamy, K., & Parpa, K. (2025) · Smart nanomaterials technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5471-0_15
Sporcuların d vitamin düzeyleri ve sakatlık ilişkisi
Bur, R., & Eliöz, M. (2025) · ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.70736/jrolss.611
THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN MUSCLE PERFORMANCE AND INJURY PREVENTION IN ATHLETES
Kaźmierkiewicz, K., Chojnacka, M., Lis, M. E., Ciechańska, E., Kapuśniak, K., Suszczyńska, W., Rumianek-Fidziukiewicz, K., Lasota, Z., & Domańska, W. (2025) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.3(47).2025.3996
Current Perspectives on Vitamin D Deficiency in Athletes
Muntean, P. S., Onofrei, R. R., & Amaricai, E. C. (2026) · Advances in biochemistry in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14441-6_13
Ari, G., Cerit, M., Tuncer, S. Y., Çatalo, D., Balla, J., & Dalıp, M. (2025) · RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION SPORT AND HEALTH · doi:10.46733/pesh2514285a
Vitamine D et performance sportive
Guillaume, G. (2026) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2026.04.006
Soltani, M., Fatahi, A., & Heidari, F. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.72407
Pearl Millet-A Forgotten Ancient Grain with Emerging Immunomodulatory Potential in Sports Nutrition
Saifi, A., & Kalpana, K. (2026) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-026-00771-3
Muñoz-López, M., Quesada-Fernández, G., Sancho-Haro, E. S., Viúdez, X. R. D. L. P., Baz-Valle, E., López‐Gil, J. F., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16070483
Influence of nutritional interventions to optimise fat metabolism and exercise performance
Hodgson, A. B. (2013) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Metadata
- Authors
- Close, G. L., Russell, J., Cobley, J. N., Owens, D. J., Wilson, G., Gregson, W., Fraser, W. D., & Morton, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Close, G.L.
- Venue
- Journal of Sports Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 344-353
- ISSN
- 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-447X
- OpenAlex
- W2019663454
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 13
- FWCI
- 12.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- vitamin D status, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D3, professional athletes, sprint performance, vertical jump, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, winter, latitude, United Kingdom
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Physical Exertion, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Movement, Running, Seasons, Sports, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Athletic Performance, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
