Acute and chronic effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on wingate test performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the acute and chronic effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) ingestion on Wingate performance. Following a search through PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, 9 studies were found meeting inclusion criteria (6 acute and 3 chronic). Random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) for peak and mean power was performed. Study quality was assessed using the QualSyst. Results of the meta-analysis showed that acute ingestion of NaHCO 3 did not improve Wingate test peak (weighted average effect size Hedges's g = 0.02, 95%CI: - 0.19 to 0.23, P = 0.87) or mean power (weighted average effect size Hedges's g = 0.15, 95%CI: -0.06 to 0.36, P = 0.92). However, chronic ingestion of NaHCO 3 improved Wingate test peak (weighted average effect size Hedges's g = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.83 to 1.42, P = 0.001) and mean power (weighted average effect size Hedges's g = 1.26, 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.56, P = 0.001). Quality assessment of selected articles was classified as strong. This meta-analysis provides evidence that chronic, but not acute, ingestion of NaHCO 3 increases both Wingate test peak and mean power.
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Power is more related to glycolytic metabolism and is limited by H+ accumulation.
“One possible explanation for this finding is that power is more related to glycolytic metabolism and is limited by H+ accumulation (Lancha Junior et al., 2015; Lopes-Silva et al., 2019).”
From Acute enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate has negligible effect on anaerobic performance but affects metabolomics and attenuates the gastrointestinal response (2022) · cites this paper as Lopes-Silva et al., 2019
The buffering action of sodium bicarbonate could be more effective at minimizing fatigue and increasing mean power during the test, particularly in later stages.
“Therefore, the buffering action of sodium bicarbonate could be more effective at minimizing fatigue and increasing mean power during the test, particularly in later stages (Lopes-Silva et al., 2019).”
From Acute enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate has negligible effect on anaerobic performance but affects metabolomics and attenuates the gastrointestinal response (2022) · cites this paper as Lopes-Silva et al., 2019
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Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields
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Small studies are more heterogeneous than large ones: a meta-meta-analysis
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Lancha Junior, A. H., de Salles Painelli, V., Saunders, B., & Artioli, G. G. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0397-5 · Cited by 167 · cited 5× · see citing works
“NaHCO3 acts as an extracellular (blood) buffer, as HCO3 − ions are unable to permeate the sarcolemma, and therefore aids intracellular pH regulation indirectly by raising both extracellular pH and HCO3 concentrations (Lancha Junior et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEffects of chronic bicarbonate ingestion on the performance of high-intensity work
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Importance of muscle phosphocreatine during intermittent maximal cycling
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Grgic, J., Pedisic, Z., Saunders, B., Artioli, G. G., Schoenfeld, B. J., McKenna, M. J., Bishop, D. J., Kreider, R. B., Stout, J. R., Kalman, D. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00458-w · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Sarshin, A., Fallahi, V., Forbes, S. C., Rahimi, A., Koozehchian, M. S., Candow, D. G., Kaviani, M., khalifeh, S. N., Abdollahi, V., & Naderi, A. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00407-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Zhou, N., Fan, Y., Wang, X., Wang, J., & Wu, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.996381 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Therefore, the buffering action of sodium bicarbonate could be more effective at minimizing fatigue and increasing mean power during the test, particularly in later stages (Lopes-Silva et al., 2019).”
BackgroundZhou, N., Fan, Y., Kong, X., Wang, X., Wang, J., & Wu, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.931671 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lopes-Silva, J. P., Reale, R., & Franchini, E.
- Affiliations
- High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Physical and Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Sports Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-10-13
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 762-771
- ISSN
- 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-447X
- OpenAlex
- W2897618897
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- FAPESP (2017/08167-2)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- sodium bicarbonate, acute supplementation, chronic supplementation, Wingate test, peak power, average power, anaerobic performance
- MeSH terms
- Acidosis, Administration, Oral, Drug Administration Schedule, Energy Metabolism, Exercise Test, Humans, Sodium Bicarbonate, Muscle Fatigue, Athletic Performance
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