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Cited by 187Work-Family Balance ChallengesIntergenerational Family Dynamics and CaregivingNursing care and research

Caregiver burden, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and mental health of caregivers: a mediational longitudinal study

Open access
Kayaalp, Alper, Page, Kyle J., Rospenda, Kathleen M.·2021·Work & Stress
DOI 10.1080/02678373.2020.1832609PMC PMC8412180
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Abstract

Caregivers are responsible for the care of another, such as a young adult, disabled child, elderly parent, or sick spouse. Individuals who have caregiving responsibilities must blend the often-contradictory behavioral expectations from the different roles in which they reside. Building on the theoretical foundations of Conservation of Resources theory, this study tests a mediational model explicating the process through which caregiver burden impacts mental health through work-family conflict among a community sample of 1,007 unpaid caregivers in the greater Chicago area who responded to a mail survey at three time points. Structural equation modeling analyses indicate strain-based conflict as being a consistent mediator between caregiver burden and mental health at baseline and two years later. These findings can inform practice and policy for workers with caregiving responsibilities.

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Crossref · 10.1080/02678373.2020.1832609

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92 of 92 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Individuals who assume caregiving responsibilities inevitably face conflicting demands arising from the different roles they occupy.

    “Individuals who assume caregiving responsibilities inevitably face conflicting demands arising from the different roles they occupy (26).”

    From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Discussion says that combining caregiving with another role can create substantial role conflict, and the Introduction describes how demands on employed caregivers may produce interrole conflict. The claim overstates this as inevitable for all caregivers; the paper uses conditional language and also acknowledges positive effects of occupying multiple roles. The supplied passages have section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • In this context, China's only children face increasingly complex-and at times conflicting-roles.

    “In this context, they face increasingly complex—and at times conflicting—roles (25, 26).”

    From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) says that combining caregiving with another role can create substantial role conflict, supporting the general point about conflicting roles. The paper focuses on employed caregivers, however; it does not establish that China’s only children face these roles or that their roles are becoming increasingly complex. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • Role conflict generates stress, as resources become scarce or depleted while trying to balance multiple roles, and this can negatively affect caregivers' psychological well-being, physical health, and financial stability.

    “Role conflict generates stress, as resources become scarce or depleted while trying to balance multiple roles. This can negatively affect caregivers’ psychological well-being, physical health, and financial stability (26, 46, 47).”

    From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Introduction’s theoretical-model section (page unavailable) says that juggling roles can deplete resources and cause stress, potentially affecting general health. The Discussion (page unavailable) links caregiving-related role conflict to mental health problems. The paper does not establish an effect on caregivers’ physical health specifically or address their financial stability. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Caregivers who strive to balance these responsibilities are likely to exit the labor market, which for them means financial loss and interrupted personal development; for employers, it results in higher employee turnover and increased organizational costs; and for the country, it leads to a significant portion of the working-age population.

    “Caregivers who strive to balance these responsibilities are likely to exit the labor market, which for them means financial loss and interrupted personal development; for employers, it results in higher employee turnover and increased organizational costs; and for the country, it leads to a significant portion of the working-age population (26, 62, 63).”

    From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Azarnoff RS, & Scharlach AE (1988). Can Employees Carry the Elder Care Burden? Personnel Journal, 60– 76.
  2. Hobfoll SE, & Lilly RS (1993). Resource conservation as a strategy for community psychology. Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 128– 148.
  3. Keeling S, & Davey J (2008). Working careers in New Zealand: Zones of care and contested boundaries. In Martin-Matthews A & Phillips JE (Eds.), Aging and caring at the interaction of work and home life: Blurring the boundaries (pp. 129– 146). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum
  4. McDaniel KR, & Allen DG (2012). Working and care-giving: The impact on caregiver stress, family-work conflict, and burnout. Journal of Life Care Planning, 10, 21– 32.
  5. Population Reference Bureau (2015). Population Bulletin. Aging in the US. https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/aging-us-population-bulletin-1.pdf

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Authors
Kayaalp, A., Page, K. J., & Rospenda, K. M.
Affiliations
  • South Dakota State University (US)
  • American Family Insurance, Madison, WI, USA
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Kayaalp, Alper
ORCID
Venue
Work & Stress
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2020-10-14
Volume
35
Issue
3
Pages
217-240
ISSN
  • 0267-8373 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-5335
DOI
10.1080/02678373.2020.1832609
PMC
PMC8412180
OpenAlex
W3092860244
Cited by
177
References
91
Citations by year
2026: 39 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6
FWCI
16.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Work & Stress (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
  • NIAAA
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
Keywords
caregiver burden, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, mental health, informal caregivers, conservation of resources theory, strain-based conflict, mediation, role conflict, community caregivers

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