The healthy-worker effect: Self-selection among Swedish shift workers
Abstract
This paper reports a study on the ‘healthy-worker effect’ related to shift work. The study sample comprised 53 male applicants for blue-collar jobs. The subjects who applied for shift work (m = 30) did not differ from those who applied for day work (n = 23) regarding previous illnesses or current symptoms. However, data on self-reported sleep behaviour indicated that a higher percentage of prospective shift workers had a less rigid sleep pattern than did prospective day workers. The results suggest that there might be a self-selection to shift work by individuals with specific sleep behaviours that might facilitate future coping with odd work hours.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The potential for workers to self-select out of shift work causes a systematic confound in population health research known as the healthy worker effect.
“The potential for workers to self-select out of shift work causes a systematic confound in population health research known as the “healthy worker effect” [105].”
From Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-being (2017) · cites this paper as [105]
Cites
Fox, A. J., & Collier, P. F. (1976) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.30.4.225 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
A diurnal type scale. Construction, consistency and validation in shift work.
Torsvall, L., & Åkerstedt, T. (1980) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.2608 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Progress Toward Validation of a Computer-Scored Test for the Type A Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern
Jenkins, C. D., Zyzanski, S. J., & Rosenman, R. H. (1971) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197105000-00001 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry
Chemie, D. G. F. K., Chemie, Ö. G. F. K., & Cheimie, S. G. F. K. (1976) · De Gruyter eBooks · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Towards a Predictive Test of Adjustment to Shift Work
Folkard, S., Monk, T. H., & LOBUAN, M. C. (1979) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140137908924591 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
A New Method for the Determination of γ-Glutamyltransferase in Serum
Persijn, J.-P., & van der Slik, W. (1976) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.1976.14.1-12.421 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
A retrospective cohort study comparing complaints and diseases in day and shift workers
Angersbach, D., Knauth, P., Loskant, H., Karvonen, M. J., Undeutsch, K., & Rutenfranz, J. (1980) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/bf01274132 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Shift Work; The Social, Psychological, and Physical Consequences
Blum, M. L., Mott, P. E., Mann, F. C., McLoughlin, Q., & Warwich, D. P. (1966) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421317 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Shift Work: The Social, Psychological and Physical Consequences.
Dalton, M., Mott, P. E., Mann, F. C., McLoughlin, Q., & Warwick, D. P. (1966) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2090858 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Köller, M. D., Kundi, M., & Cervinka, R. (1978) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140137808931787 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Night and shiftwork: Longterm effects and their prevention
(1988) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(88)90243-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Lung cancer mortality in a cohort of English foundry workers.
Fletcher, A. C., & Ades, A. E. (1984) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.2361 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Occupational career and health : methodological considerations on the healthy worker effect
Östlin, P. (1989) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-being
James, S. M., Honn, K. A., Gaddameedhi, S., & Van Dongen, H. P. A. (2017) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-017-0071-6 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Work, Obesity, and Occupational Safety and Health
Schulte, P. A., Wagner, G. R., Ostry, A., Blanciforti, L., Cutlip, R. G., Krajnak, K., Luster, M. I., Munson, A. E., O'Callaghan, J. P., Parks, C. G., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.086900 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Härmä, M., Tenkanen, L., Sjöblom, T., Alikoski, T., & Heinsalmi, P. (1998) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.324 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Methodological Aspects of Shift-Work Research
Knutsson, A. (2004) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200038525 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationShift work and age as interactive predictors of body mass index among offshore workers
Parkes, K. R. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.648 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Predictors of shift work disorder among nurses: a longitudinal study
Waage, S., Pallesen, S., Moen, B. E., Magerøy, N., Flo, E., Milia, L. V. D., & Bjorvatn, B. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.07.014 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Sleep, age, and shiftwork experience
Marquié, J.-C., & Foret, J. (1999) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00170.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Ritonja, J. A., Aronson, K. J., Matthews, R. W., Boivin, D. B., & Kantermann, T. (2019) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.sw-5 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Night shift work is associated with an increased risk of asthma
Maidstone, R. J., Turner, J., Vetter, C., Dashti, H. S., Saxena, R., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Shea, S. A., Kyle, S. D., Lawlor, D. A., Loudon, A. S. I., et al. (2020) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215218 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Working 9‐to‐5? A review of research on nonstandard work schedules
Bolino, M. C., Kelemen, T. K., & Matthews, S. H. (2020) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2440 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Caring for the country: fatigue, sleep and mental health in Australian rural paramedic shiftworkers
Courtney, J. A., Francis, A. J. P., & Paxton, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-012-9599-z · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk factors and primary selection into shift work
Nabe‐Nielsen, K., Garde, A. H., Tüchsen, F., Høgh, A., & Diderichsen, F. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1230 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Dahlgren, A., Tucker, P., Gustavsson, P. J., & Rudman, A. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1167725 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
What is the evidence for less shift work tolerance in older workers?
Blok, M. M., & de Looze, M. P. (2011) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2010.548876 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Second-Year Results of an Obesity Prevention Program at The Dow Chemical Company
Goetzel, R. Z., Roemer, E. C., Pei, X., Short, M. E., Tabrizi, M. J., Wilson, M. G., DeJoy, D. M., Craun, B. A., Tully, K. J., White, J. M., et al. (2010) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e3181d46f0b · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Vedaa, Ø., Krossbakken, E., Grimsrud, I. D., Bjorvatn, B., Sivertsen, B., Magerøy, N., Einarsen, S. V., & Pallesen, S. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.12.002 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Shift work and sleep disorder comorbidity tend to go hand in hand
KERKHOF, G. A. (2017) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2017.1392552 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Short rest between shift intervals increases the risk of sick leave: a prospective registry study
Vedaa, Ø., Pallesen, S., Waage, S., Bjorvatn, B., Sivertsen, B., Erevik, E. K., Svensen, E., & Harris, A. (2016) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2016-103920 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sleepiness and shiftwork: individual differences
Härmä, M. (1995) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00228.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Takahashi, M., Tanigawa, T., Tachibana, N., MUTOU, K., Yoshiko, K. A. G. E., Smith, L., & Iso, H. (2005) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.43.171 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Short rest between shifts (quick returns) and night work is associated with work-related accidents
Vedaa, Ø., Harris, A., Erevik, E. K., Waage, S., Bjorvatn, B., Sivertsen, B., Moen, B. E., & Pallesen, S. (2019) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-019-01421-8 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Models of Shiftwork and Health: An Examination of the Influence of Stress on Shiftwork Theory
Taylor, E., Briner, R. B., & Folkard, S. (1997) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872097778940713 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nabe‐Nielsen, K., Tüchsen, F., Christensen, K. B., Garde, A. H., & Diderichsen, F. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1307 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Berthelsen, M., Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., & Knardahl, S. (2015) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2014-0186 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The moderating effect of work-time influence on the effect of shift work: a prospective cohort study
Nabe‐Nielsen, K., Garde, A. H., Albertsen, K., & Diderichsen, F. (2010) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-010-0592-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Caring for the Carers: Fatigue, Sleep, and Mental Health in Australian Paramedic Shiftworkers
Courtney, J. A., Francis, A. J. P., & Paxton, S. J. (2010) · Australasian Journal of Organisational Psychology · doi:10.1375/ajop.3.1.32 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
First-Year Results of an Obesity Prevention Program at The Dow Chemical Company
Goetzel, R. Z., Baker, K. M., Short, M. E., Pei, X., Ozminkowski, R. J., Wang, S. S., Bowen, J. D., Roemer, E. C., Craun, B. A., Tully, K. J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e3181954b03 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Fertility
Goldstein, C. A., & Smith, Y. R. (2016) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-016-0057-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Reid, K. J., Weng, J. F., Ramos, A. R., Zee, P. C., Daviglus, M. L., Mossavar‐Rahmani, Y., Sotres‐Alvarez, D., Gallo, L. C., Chirinos, D. A., & Patel, S. R. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy131 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Yamada, Y., Ishizaki, M., & Tsuritani, I. (2002) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.44.373 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Vanttola, P., Puttonen, S., Karhula, K., Oksanen, T., & Härmä, M. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12906 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Shift work, and burnout and distress among 7798 blue-collar workers
Hulsegge, G., van Mechelen, W., Proper, K. I., Paagman, H., & Anema, J. R. (2020) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01536-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ingre, M., & Åkerstedt, T. (2004) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2004.00390.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Forberg, K., Waage, S., Moen, B. E., & Bjorvatn, B. (2010) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.07.015 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Night work, mortality, and the link to occupational group and sex
Åkerstedt, T., Narusyte, J., & Svedberg, P. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3892 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Recovery after Shift Work: Relation to Coronary Risk Factors in Women
Axelsson, J., Löwden, A., & Kecklund, G. (2006) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520601091949 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Adverse Health Effects of Shift Work in Relation to Risk of Illness/Disease: A Review
Shariat, A., Bahri Mohd Tamrin, S., Daneshjoo, A., & Sadeghi, H. (2015) · Acta Medica Bulgarica · doi:10.1515/amb-2015-0009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Shift rotation, overtime, age, and anxiety as predictors of offshore sleep patterns.
Parkes, K. R. (2014) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038164 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ritonja, J. A., Tranmer, J. E., & Aronson, K. J. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1570247 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Exploring the impact of night shift work on methylation of circadian genes
Ritonja, J. A., Aronson, K. J., Flaten, L., Topouza, D. G., Duan, Q., Durocher, F., Tranmer, J. E., & Bhatti, P. (2021) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2021.2009997 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sleep and Health in Oil Rig Workers—Before and After a Two Week Work Period Offshore
Waage, S., Pallesen, S., Moen, B. E., & Bjorvatn, B. (2012) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2012-0091 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The association between shift work and treatment-seeking migraine in Denmark
Jakobsen, G. S., Timm, A., Hansen, Å. M., Garde, A. H., & Nabe‐Nielsen, K. (2017) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2016.1278463 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Thomas, C., & Power, C. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp365 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Brajša‐Žganec, A., Lipovčan, L. K., Ivanović, D., & Larsen, Z. P. (2017) · The Open Public Health Journal · doi:10.2174/1874944501710010069 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Tucker, P., Härmä, M., Ojajärvi, A., Mika Kivimaki, B., Leineweber, C., Oksanen, T., Salo, P., & Vahtera, J. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13349 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Nowak, K., & Lukomska, B. (2021) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2021.1933320 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Effects of Age and Shiftwork on Perceived Sleep Problems
Tucker, P., Folkard, S., Ansiau, D., & Marquie, J. F. J. C. (2011) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318221c64c · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Move the night way: how can physical activity facilitate adaptation to shift work?
Easton, D. F., Gupta, C. C., Vincent, G. E., & Ferguson, S. A. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-05962-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
der Holst, H. M. L., Dongen, H. P. A. V., & KERKHOF, G. A. (2006) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520601058005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
der Holst, H. M. L., Dongen, H. P. A. V., Drosopoulos, S., & KERKHOF, G. A. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1167733 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Harris, M. A., MacLeod, J. S., Kim, J., Pahwa, M., Tjepkema, M., Peters, P. A., & Demers, P. A. (2020) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxaa017 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Irregularity of working hours in railway worker and types of complaints
Aguirre, A., & Foret, J. (1994) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/bf00383245 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Comparing the acute effects of shiftwork on mothers and fathers
Tucker, P., Leineweber, C., & Kecklund, G. (2021) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqab083 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Rossi, C., Giustino, V., Patti, A., Figlioli, F., Amato, A., Vicari, D. S. S., Gervasi, M., Canzone, A., Lukić-Šarkanović, M., Trivić, T., et al. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01460-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Primary selection into shift work and change of cardiovascular risk profile
Yong, M., Germann, C., Lang, S., & Oberlinner, C. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3487 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Shift work tolerance and the importance of sleep quality: a study of police officers
der Holst, H. M. L., & KERKHOF, G. A. (2014) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2014.985002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tucker, P., Härmä, M., Ojajärvi, A., Mika Kivimaki, B., Leineweber, C., Oksanen, T., Salo, P., & Vahtera, J. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3813 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Healthy shiftwork, healthy shiftworks.
Kogi, K. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Men and women who like continuous shiftwork are more ‘hardy’: But what does it mean?
WEDDERBURN, A. A. I. (1995) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678379508256555 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lee, S., Park, J. B., Lee, K. J., Ham, S., & Jeong, I. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85017-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Motivation requested - Work motivation and the work environment of IT consultants
Wallgren, L. G. (2011) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Importance of Chronotype in Shift Work Research
Juda, M. (2010) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.11814 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Weitzer, J., Santonja, I., Degenfellner, J., Yang, L., Jordakieva, G., Crevenna, R., Seidel, S., Klösch, G., Schernhammer, E. S., & Papantoniou, K. (2021) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2021.1895200 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Waage, S., Odéen, M., Bjorvatn, B., Eriksen, H. R., Ursin, H., Hollund, B. E., & Moen, B. E. (2010) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.ms1149 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hanoa, R., Baste, V., KOOIJ, A., SOMMERVOLD, L., & Moen, B. E. (2011) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.ms1280 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Long Shifts, Short Rests and Vulnerability to Shift Work
Axelsson, J. (2005) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e529702013-001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Booker, L. A., Spong, J., Hodge, B., Deacon‐Crouch, M., Bish, M., Mills, J. E., & Skinner, T. C. (2023) · Australian Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/ajr.13075 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Elfering, A., Igic, I., Keller, A. C., Meier, L. L., & Semmer, N. K. (2016) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2016.1168301 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kim, H., Lee, K. H., Shin, J., Seo, W. W., Jeon, J. E., Lee, H. Y., You, J. H., Kim, S., Kim, S. J., & Lee, Y. J. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.12.027 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Harris, M. A., Kim, J., & Demers, P. A. (2021) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.23283 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Reimann, M. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s41449-019-00171-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Maidstone, R. J., Iqbal, M., Rutter, M. K., Ray, D. W., & Young, H. S. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wallgren, L. G. (2013) · International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals · doi:10.4018/ijhcitp.2013100101 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pavlis, A. (2007) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Metabolic disturbances in shift workers
Karlsson, B. (2004) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Galante, R. (2011) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Insomnia is Associated with Psychological and Physical Problems in Japanese Male Workers.
Suka, M., Yoshida, K., Sugimori, H., Nishihara, M., & Hatanaka, Y. (2003) · Health Evaluation and Promotion · doi:10.7143/jhep.30.450 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shift Work: An Occupational Health and Safety Hazard
Buxton, S. M. (2003) · Murdoch University Research Portal · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fatigue and Mental Health in Ambulance Paramedic Shiftworkers
Courtney, J. A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.26181/21852708 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Scientific challenges of studying shift schedule design
Tucker, P. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.4058 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, B., Wan, C. M., Lee, P. M. Y., Qiu, S., Huss, A., Ma, Y. T. J., Chan, J. W.-Y., Ho, A. W., Ho, C. S., Kim, J. H., et al. (2026) · Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior · doi:10.4103/shb.shb_228_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Milia, V. D. D. (1999) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schulte, P. A., Wagner, G. R., Ostry, A., Blanciforti, L., Cutlip, R. G., Krajnak, K., Luster, M. I., Munson, A. E., Parks, C. G., Simeonova, P. P., et al. (2007) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kennedy, G. A., Howard, M., & Pierce, R. (2001) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)
Individual differences in shift work tolerance
der Holst, H. M. L. (2016) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)
Women’s Experience of Working Shiftwork in Nursing: A Phenomenological Study
Matheson, A. (2017) · Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)
- Authors
- Knutsson, A., & Akerstedt, T.
- Affiliations
- Sundsvall Municipality (SE)
- Venue
- Work & Stress
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1992-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-167
- ISSN
- 0267-8373 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5335
- OpenAlex
- W2169541633
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Work & Stress (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- healthy worker effect, shift work, self-selection, sleep behaviour, sleep patterns, blue-collar workers, day work, occupational health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
