The DOI matches its Crossref record; 128 of the 128 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evolutionary mechanisms for loneliness
Open accessAbstract
Robert Weiss (1973) conceptualised loneliness as perceived social isolation, which he described as a gnawing, chronic disease without redeeming features. On the scale of everyday life, it is understandable how something as personally aversive as loneliness could be regarded as a blight on human existence. However, evolutionary time and evolutionary forces operate at such a different scale of organisation than we experience in everyday life that personal experience is not sufficient to understand the role of loneliness in human existence. Research over the past decade suggests a very different view of loneliness than suggested by personal experience, one in which loneliness serves a variety of adaptive functions in specific habitats. We review evidence on the heritability of loneliness and outline an evolutionary theory of loneliness, with an emphasis on its potential adaptive value in an evolutionary timescale.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, chronic loneliness poses potential risks due to its tendency to create a self-reinforcing loneliness loop where lonely persons become increasingly distrustful of others and anticipate negative relationships, and as a result, they would prefer to avoid future social interactions.85”
From A Longitudinal Study of Loneliness Before the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Trajectories, Predictors, and Impact on Chinese Adolescent Mental Health (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Researchers have suggested that transient loneliness may serve an evolutionary purpose by prompting people to reestablish connections for the sake of survival and genetic continuity.85”
From A Longitudinal Study of Loneliness Before the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Trajectories, Predictors, and Impact on Chinese Adolescent Mental Health (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The evolutionary perspective of loneliness proposed by Cacioppo and colleagues (2006;Cacioppo, Cacioppo, & Boomsma, 2014) presents loneliness as an adaptive signal, similar to hunger and thirst, that motivates one to alter behavior in a way that will increase survival.”
From Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review (2015) · cites this paper as Cacioppo, Cacioppo, & Boomsma, 2014
In the citing paper
“This model proposes that loneliness operates as an aversive signal designed to promote adaptation to the vulnerabilities of being alone and motivate reconnection32.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245 · cited 2×
“This is because there is no individual variability in a person having a heart.”
(1976) · Cited by 10,423
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173 · cited 1×
“© 2013 Taylor & Francis 3”
Loneliness: the experience of emotional and social isolation
Weiss, R. S. (1974) · Cited by 2,513
Intergroup Conflict And Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment
Sherif, M. (2013) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,344
Perceived social isolation and cognition
Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005 · Cited by 2,144 · cited 2×
“This facet of the phenotype of loneliness, with its emphasis on emotional aspects of loneliness and intimate connectedness, may be based on heritable differences in sensitivity to the pain of social disconnection (Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009a).”
Self-citationLoneliness: A Source Book of Current Theory, Research and Therapy
Blazer, D. G. (1983) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/38.4.492 · Cited by 2,139
Handbook of individual differences in social behavior
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-3482 · Cited by 2,011
A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness
Masi, C. M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310377394 · Cited by 1,995 · cited 1×
“Most individuals who feel lonely resolve their loneliness before it becomes an extreme condition, and even those who fail to resolve loneliness before it becomes severe nevertheless tend to form new connections given sufficient time (Masi et al., 2011).”
Self-citationLoneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy.
Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1984) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2068915 · Cited by 1,937
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Achenbach T. M., 1990, The Young Adult Self-Report
- 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 · DOI · Paper page
- Cacioppo J. T., 2005, The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying, 91
- Downey G. D., 2005, The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying
- Hawkley L. C., 2009, Encyclopedia of human relationships, 985
- Holmen K., 1992, Vard i Norden, 12, 9
- LeVine R. A., 1972, Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior
- Tillich P., 1959, The meaning of death, 30
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 575
Lee, Y. A., Li, G., Nakamura, J. S., Guo, Y., & Chen, F. S. (2025) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.70015 · Cited by 1
Zhou, X., Amran, M. S., Surat, S., & Yin, H. (2025) · Adolescents · doi:10.3390/adolescents5040051 · Cited by 1
“ETL further posits that such negative social expectations generated by lonely individuals often influence how those around them behave, confirming the lonely individuals’ anticipated expectations and thus initiating a self-fulfiling prophecy [17].”
Heu, L. C. (2025) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.70082 · Cited by 1
Lee, S.-J., & Hong, W. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15111506 · Cited by 1
“…that loneliness is beneficial; rather, it suggests that supportive workplace conditions can mitigate its detrimental effects by enabling lonely employees to engage in help-seeking behavior despite their relational deficits (J. T. Cacioppo et al., 2014; Gabriel et al., 2021; Qualter et al., 2015).”
Social isolation impacts risk perception but not peer influence in mid-adolescence
Thomas, K., Towner, E., Tomova, L., Chierchia, G., & Blakemore, S. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105886 · Cited by 3
“It has been proposed that social connection is a fundamental basic need and that loneliness signals an absence of this, which serves to motivate a behavioural response to remedy it (Cacioppo et al., 2014).”
Shin, W.-G., Ahn, J., Choe, K. W., Lee, H., Han, J.-H., Lee, E., Lux, B. K., Woo, C., Choi, I., & Sul, S. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00341-3 · Cited by 2
“As the extensive body of literature supporting the overarching role of social relationships in happiness 14,15,17,24 implies that happier individuals might be more likely to think about social connections and friendshipsthan lesshappyindividuals,wepredictedthathigherlevelsofhappinesswouldbe…”
Zhang, F., Yang, J., Yao, X., Liu, C., & Wang, X. (2025) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-025-01365-2 · Cited by 1
“From an evolutionary perspective, the pain of loneliness motivates individuals to reestablish necessary social connections and promotes social trust, cohesion, and collective action (Cacioppo et al., 2014).”
Li, G., Zheng, G., Guo, L., Mao, J., & Cui, M. (2025) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2025.2596976 · Cited by 1
“Loneliness has long been considered as a social pain, inhibiting or stimulating interpersonal processes (Cacioppo & Cacioppo, 2018; Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009; Cacioppo et al., 2014).”
Arioli, M., Maiocchi, C., Cattaneo, Z., Gianelli, C., & Canessa, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1602325 · Cited by 2
Loneliness exacerbates age differences in the allostatic-interoceptive system during induced affect
Ma, R., West, T. N., Wulfekuhle, G. E., Escalante, Y. Y., Cascone, A., Frye, N. G., Leshin, J. C., Fredrickson, B. L., Cohen, J. R., & Lindquist, K. A. (2025) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaf124 · Cited by 1
Zhou, Z., Liu, C.-X., Zhang, Q.-P., Ji, W., & Kou, Y. (2026) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968261428335 · Cited by 1
“Thus, simply increasing social contact (e.g., group activities) may be insuf fi cient if individuals continue to interpret social situations negatively (Cacioppo et al., 2014).”
InfluentialÇağatay, H. (2026) · Work · doi:10.1177/10519815261426292 · Cited by 1
“70 The Temporal Need-Threat Model suggests that individuals who are constantly exposed to ostracism are pushed toward alienation, helplessness, and depression.”
Zhong, C., Dang, L., Ananthasubramaniam, A., & Mezuk, B. R. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0342656 · Cited by 1
“Those seven subjective indicators are the same indicators of social loneliness, a subgroup within the UCLA loneliness scale, referring to a lack of membership in a desired group [37,38], which we did not specify in the network.”
Yoo‐Jeong, M., Cheng, G. J., Dubowitz, T., Troxel, W., Hunter, G., Ghosh‐Dastidar, B., Hill‐Jarrett, T. G., & Rosso, A. L. (2026) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103646 · Cited by 1
“Loneliness, defined as the negative experience due to perceived lack of desired social connection (Cacioppo et al., 2014; Perlman and Peplau, 1981), is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern with implications for both mental and physical health (Cacioppo et al., 2006;…”
Bogart, K. V., Almeida, D. M., Felt, J. M., Rush, J., Cerino, E. S., & Charles, S. T. (2026) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2026.109247 · Cited by 1
Bautista, K., Winer, E. S., Calafiore, C., Griffin, T. Z., Lekkas, D., Heinz, M. V., Nemesure, M. D., Price, G. D., Pillai, A., Nepal, S. K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121808 · Cited by 1
Benito-Rincón, C., Pérez-Cardona, L. M., García-García, L., Fernándes-Pires, J., Jiménez‐Gonzalo, L., Martín‐María, N., & Losada‐Baltar, A. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261445733 · Cited by 1
Loneliness in Focus: Proposing a Resident Curriculum
Winn, K. M. (2026) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-026-02350-8 · Cited by 1
“As people are separated from meaningful social connections long-term, their views of self and the world become more negative and threatening, making future successful reconnection progressively less likely [19].”
InfluentialLoneliness and generative AI use for companionship among college students
Liu, C. H., Zhao, C., Lou, F., Zhang, W., Menor, A., Chow, A., & Yip, T. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2026.100348 · Cited by 1
Loneliness and the Customer Journey: Toward a Framework for Customer Experience Management
Olsen, N. V., Witell, L., & Fuglsang, L. (2026) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.70220 · Cited by 1
Maheux, A. J., & Maes, C. (2026) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916261460771 · Cited by 2
“Loneliness evolved in our species to motivate human– human social engagement (Cacioppo et al., 2014).”
Einsamkeit. Ethische Implikationen für das Gesundheitswesen angesichts einer komplexen Erfahrung
Rauh, R. B. (2021) · Springer Reference Pflege, Therapie, Gesundheit · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58685-3_40-1 · Cited by 1
Einsamkeit. Ethische Implikationen für das Gesundheitswesen angesichts einer komplexen Erfahrung
Rauh, R. B. (2022) · Springer Reference Pflege, Therapie, Gesundheit · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58680-8_40 · Cited by 1
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for loneliness
Käll, A., & Andersson, G. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85726-0.00045-4 · Cited by 1
Örgütsel Davranış Araştırmalarında PLS-SEM Kullanımı
Seyrek, İ. H. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub224.c967 · Cited by 3
Do Social Isolation and Loneliness Affect Healthcare Spending and Utilization in Japan?
Yuksel, U. F. (2023) · World Journal of Applied Economics · doi:10.22440/wjae.9.2.3 · Cited by 1
“Cacioppo et al. (2014) argue, based on the evolutionary theory of loneliness, that loneliness plays a similar role to hunger, where one signals a lack of nutrition and the other a lack of social interactions.”
BackgroundA multi-study investigation of social connectedness and health
Lange, L. J., & Crawford, A. B. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05791-2 · Cited by 2
“The brain has evolved to not only moni - tor the status of the physical body, but also to monitor the status of the social body (Cacioppo et al., 2014 ).”
Siddiqua, A., Parisi, J. M., Manini, T. M., Kaufmann, C. N., & Smail, E. J. (2024) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-024-01760-0 · Cited by 2
“There is evidence that situational loneliness eventually propels older adults to actively reconnect with others and conform to prosocial behavior (Cacioppo et al., 2014a, b; Lee et al., 2020; Saporta et al., 2021), which may help improve mental health and sleep disturbances stemming from loneliness.”
Camós-Guijosa, P., Caro-Durán, A., Bellés-Mur, E., Arasa, B. D., & Vasco-Rodríguez, Y. (2025) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102442 · Cited by 1
“It serves evolutionarily adaptive functions 9 but can impair executive functioning, sleep, and mental and physical well-being, 10 contributing to higher morbidity and mortality rates in lonely older adults 11 and, when 12 13 promoting cardiovascular disease, stroke, or dementia.”
Karababa, A. (2025) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.70034 · Cited by 1
Jimenez, A. M., Abplanalp, S. J., Eisenberger, N. I., Horan, W. P., Lee, J., McCleery, A., Myers, A. C., Miklowitz, D. J., Reavis, E. A., Reddy, L. F., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2025.100367 · Cited by 1
“…possibility that social isolation in this group may be partly due to discomfort in being around others (i.e., driven by social avoidance) as opposed to a reduced drive to approach others (i.e., driven by social anhedonia) (Hawkley and Cacioppo, 2010; Cacioppo et al., 2014; Cacioppo et al., 2016).”
Pandey, L. (2025) · International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences · doi:10.22161/ijels.103.58 · Cited by 1
“Loneliness is linked to severe mental health risks, including depression (Cacioppo et al., 2014).”
Apostolou, M. (2025) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci14080466 · Cited by 1
Arpin, S. N., Mohr, C. D., Bodner, T., Hammer, L. B., & Lee, J. D. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15091240 · Cited by 2
“Sustained feelings of loneliness have been shown to trap individuals in a cycle of negative social cognitions and “self-defeating behaviors” that impede positive social interactions (J. T. Cacioppo et al., 2014, p. 6).”
Psicopatologia e invecchiamento nell'opera di Marcello Cesa-Bianchi
Cristini, C., & Sonzogni, A. B. (2021) · RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA · doi:10.3280/rip1-2021oa11626 · Cited by 1
Benam, N., Miller, W. C., Tao, G., Mortenson, W. B., & Schmidt, J. (2022) · Disabilities · doi:10.3390/disabilities3010001 · Cited by 1
“Loneliness and its association with depression is thought to be an adaptive function for human survival [43].”
BackgroundMethodHarnessing the Power of Loneliness: A Social Functional Approach to Loneliness at Work
Snyder, D. G. (2014) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2014.14066abstract · Cited by 1
“First, feelings of loneliness alert individuals that their social connections are at risk and motivate behavior that will help restore valued social connections (Cacioppo et al., 2014; Pickett & Gardner, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialYang, F., & Gu, D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_428-2 · Cited by 2
Yang, F., & Gu, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_428-1 · Cited by 1
The Cognitive Costs of Social Isolation
Whalley, L. J. (2022) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000200813 · Cited by 1
Stijovic, A., Forbes, P., Tomova, L., Skoluda, N., Feneberg, A. C., Piperno, G., Pronizius, E., Nater, U. M., Lamm, C., & Silani, G. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/3z74g · Cited by 1
Social interactions, loneliness and collective health: A new angle on an old debatePreprint
Kovačič, M., & Casabianca, E. J. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2814409/v1 · Cited by 1
Derksen, T., Murray, K. B., Orazi, D. C., & Seenivasan, S. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4448161 · Cited by 1
Social Awareness and Action Training (SAAT)
Cacioppo, J. T. (2013) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · doi:10.21236/ada592940
Self-citationArias, J. M. C., & Jaramillo, C. A. L. (2013) · International journal of psychological research · doi:10.21500/20112084.725
Öztürk, O. (2017) · Turkish Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care · doi:10.21763/tjfmpc.295607
Grygiel, P. (2016) · Jagiellonian Digital Library (Jagiellonian University)
van der Ploeg, J. (2017) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-1953-4_6
Kloppen theorie en praktijk in de aanpak van eenzaamheid?
Schoenmakers, E. (2017) · Geron · doi:10.1007/s40718-017-0053-2
Loneliness and Emotional Flexibility Deficits in Bereavement
Yan, O. H. (2017) · doi:10.7916/d8bp0fcb
The dynamics of perception of social integration in primary school. The latent growth curve model
Grygiel, P. (2017) · Edukacja · doi:10.24131/3724.170509
onely people choose money over relationships in pursuit of happiness
김가영, Suh, E. M., & Lim, N. (2016) · 한국심리학회지 사회및성격 · doi:10.21193/kjspp.2016.30.1.001
Neem eenzaamheid op in de DSM-5
Ploeg, J. V. D. (2019) · GZ - Psychologie · doi:10.1007/s41480-019-0006-6
Fear in the paramedic clinical environment
Snowdon, K. (2019) · Journal of Paramedic Practice · doi:10.12968/jpar.2019.11.7.cpd1
The Importance of Evolutionary Psychology for the Understanding of Economic Behavior
Fetchenhauer, D., & Lang, A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316676349.023
Discursive Psychology and the Study of Loneliness
Oakley, L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35675-0_1
Loneliness And Self Concept Among Psychiatric Patients In Port Said Psychiatric Health Hospital
El-MohammadY, G., Mahmoud, A. S., & Elsayad, S. M. (2019) · Port Said Scientific Journal of Nursing · doi:10.21608/pssjn.2019.68003
Kállay, É. (2019) · Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Psychologia-Paedagogia · doi:10.24193/subbpsyped.2019.2.03
Wei, W., Lin, Y., Hong, T., & Luo, S. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/q74xn
“The evolutionary theory of loneliness posits that loneliness is influenced by both genetic inheritance and environmental factors (J.T. Cacioppo et al., 2014; J. T. Cacioppo & Patrick, 2008).”
Loneliness as a Pandemic in a Global Social Isolation
Chornobai, V., & Hrytsenko, V. (2020) · Theological Reflections Eastern European Journal of Theology · doi:10.29357/2521-179x.2020.v18.2.3
Older women living alone in the United Kingdom: a mixed methods study exploring health and wellbeing
Forward, C. (2021) · UWL Repository (University of West London)
Käll, A. (2021) · Linköping studies in behavioural science · doi:10.3384/9789179290580
Zenevicz, L. T., Melo, R., Madureira, V. S. F., Kolhs, M., dos Santos, A. T., Henriques, L. V. L., Meira, M. A., Radtke, M. E. B., & Thofehrn, M. B. (2021) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21284
Kent, H., Williams, W. H., & Tonks, J. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108848916.007
(2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108848916.003
Yang, F., & Gu, D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_428
Understanding loneliness and its relationship with mental health issues
Williams, B. (2022) · Mental Health Practice · doi:10.7748/mhp.2022.e1601
Neurodevelopmental theory of depression
Talarowska, M. E. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817933-8.00010-4
Klintman, M. (2021) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7765/9781526158703.00014
Hipson, W. E. (2021) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2021-14349
Beam, C. R., Kim, A. J., Greenberg, N. E., & Burke, S. L. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5x8gk
Manoli_Social_Emotional_Loneliness_Adult_LifespanPreprint
Ramsey, R., & Manoli, A. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bs9yz
Pérez-Ramos, H. (2022) · Social Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.ss.20221103.12
Einsamkeit zwischen Entfremdung und Resonanz
Rauh, R. B., & Koesling, D. (2022) · Kulturen der Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839463505-007 · Cited by 2
Soltany, S., Mami, S., Ahmadi, V., & Mohammadzadeh, J. (2022) · Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.32598/shenakht.9.6.146
Social Connectedness Identity and Physical Health: A Multi-Study InvestigationPreprint
Lange, L. J., & Crawford, A. B. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2729312/v1
Seewer, N., Skoko, A., Käll, A., Andersson, G., Luhmann, M., Berger, T., & Krieger, T. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3005279/v1
Güneş, S., & Karaca, A. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub224.c974
Einsamkeit im mittleren und höheren Alter angehen: Soziale Fähigkeiten und Verbundenheit erhöhen
Crăciun, I. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44679-5_14
Lee, H., Chen, R., Okuzono, S. S., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.10.20.23297341
Canine separation-related problems: part 3: identifying the emotional component
Hargrave, C. P. (2023) · Companion animal · doi:10.12968/coan.2023.0023.3
Relationship Between Minority Stress Towards Loneliness among LGBT Adults in Malaysia
Ramasamy, S. R., Subhi, N., & Rajaratnam, S. (2023) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i12/19788
Loneliness Compresses Time Perception during Social Contexts
吴, 春. (2024) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2024.143147
Wang, J., Zhang, W., Wang, T., Yao, Y., Lin, H., Yang, X., Song, P., Chen, X., & Fu, C. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4210447/v1
Grygiel, P., Dolata, R., & Humenny, G. (2024) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075241255392
“Position in the peer network should be distinguished from the subject ’ s perception of the quality of their social relationships (J. T. Cacioppo et al., 2014).”
Bilibio, J. O. (2024) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2024.tde-13052024-160023
Shin, W.-G., Ahn, J., Choe, K. W., Lee, H., Han, J.-H., Lee, E., Lux, B. K., Woo, C., Choi, I., & Sul, S. (2024) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6y2fa
Sozinho e não acompanhado: um estudo da solidão na perspectiva contemporânea
Colombo, D. H., & Brognoli, M. D. O. (2024) · Caderno Pedagógico · doi:10.54033/cadpedv21n9-097 · Cited by 2
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.09996-8
Illness Comorbidities in Relation to Inflammatory Processes
Anisman, H., Hayley, S. P., & Kusnecov, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.00003-x
Dar, D. R., & Sobhana, H. (2025) · Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/amhs.amhs_103_24
The Social Landscape of Ageing
Choo, W. Y., Mohd, T. A. M. T., & Hairi, N. N. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1788-0_17-1
Đurđević, F., Redlih, K., Jon, J., Huber, M., & Lazëri, L. (2024) · Gerontologija casopis gerontoloskog drustva Srbije · doi:10.5937/ger2401011d
Kütük, H., & Okur, S. (2025) · İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.38079/igusabder.1631328
Unpacking the psychological mechanisms of service robot adoption for lonely customers
Yan, M., Yu, Q., Lin, Z., & Ye, Y. (2024) · Journal of Digital Economy · doi:10.1016/j.jdec.2025.05.002
Pollak, C., & Blumen, H. M. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.77955
McMillan, F. D. (2025) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800624313.0009
Metadata
- Authors
- Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., & Boomsma, D. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Cacioppo, John T.
- Venue
- Cognition and Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-09-25
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-21
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- PMC
- PMC3855545
- OpenAlex
- W2109338375
- Cited by
- 576
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 14.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG018911, R37AG033590, R01AG034052, R01AG033590)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- loneliness, social isolation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Humans, Loneliness, Psychological Theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
