Cited by 374Psychological and Educational Research StudiesEducation, Achievement, and GiftednessPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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Measuring emotions during epistemic activities: the Epistemically-Related Emotion Scales

Pekrun, Reinhard, Vogl, Elisabeth, Muis, Krista R., Sinatra, Gale M.·2017·Cognition and Emotion

DOI 10.1080/02699931.2016.1204989

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Abstract

Measurement instruments assessing multiple emotions during epistemic activities are largely lacking. We describe the construction and validation of the Epistemically-Related Emotion Scales, which measure surprise, curiosity, enjoyment, confusion, anxiety, frustration, and boredom occurring during epistemic cognitive activities. The instrument was tested in a multinational study of emotions during learning from conflicting texts (N = 438 university students from the United States, Canada, and Germany). The findings document the reliability, internal validity, and external validity of the instrument. A seven-factor model best fit the data, suggesting that epistemically-related emotions should be conceptualised in terms of discrete emotion categories, and the scales showed metric invariance across the North American and German samples. Furthermore, emotion scores changed over time as a function of conflicting task information and related significantly to perceived task value and use of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies.

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Confusion can be beneficial for learning.
D'Mello, S. K., Lehman, B. A., Pekrun, R., & Graesser, A. (2014) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2012.05.003 · Cited by 782
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Authors: Pekrun, R., Vogl, E., Muis, K. R., & Sinatra, G. M.
Affiliations: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
McGill University (CA)
University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author: Pekrun, Reinhard
ORCID: Pekrun, Reinhard
Vogl, Elisabeth
Muis, Krista R.
Sinatra, Gale M.
Venue: Cognition and Emotion
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2016-07-22
Volume: 31
Issue: 6
Pages: 1268-1276
ISSN: 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
1464-0600
DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1204989
OpenAlex: W2484079420
Cited by: 373
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 51 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 23.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Munich (VII.1-H172.10)
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC 410-2011-0182)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Educational Research Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: emotion measurement, surprise, curiosity, enjoyment, confusion, anxiety, frustration, boredom, metacognitive strategies, cognitive strategies, perceived task value, metric invariance, scale validation
MeSH terms: Adult, Cognition, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult

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Measuring emotions during epistemic activities: the Epistemically-Related Emotion Scales

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