Cited by 215Indoor Air Quality and Microbial ExposureWind and Air Flow StudiesAir Quality and Health Impacts

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Particle Penetration Through Building Cracks

Open access

Liu, De-Ling, Nazaroff, William W.·2003·Aerosol Science and Technology

DOI 10.1080/02786820300927

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Particle penetration into buildings influences human exposure to particles of ambient origin. In this study, we present the results of laboratory experiments measuring particle penetration through surrogates of cracks in building envelopes. Rectangular slots were prepared, with crack heights of 0.25 and 1 mm and flow-path lengths of 4-10 cm, using common building materials: aluminum, brick, concrete, plywood, redwood lumber, pine lumber, and strand board. Air was drawn through a slot from a well-mixed chamber by applying a pressure difference ( j P) of 4 or 10 Pa. Nonvolatile, electrically neutralized particles were generated and introduced into the chamber. The particle penetration factor was determined, for particle sizes 0.02-7 w m, as the ratio of the particle concentration downstream of the slot to that in the chamber. Particle size and crack height were the two main factors that governed fractional particle penetration. Consistent with prior modeling results, the penetration factor was nearly unity for particles of diameter 0.1-1.0 w m at S 0.25 mm crack height and j P of S 4 Pa. Particle penetration diminished for larger and smaller particles and for cracks with significant surface roughness and irregular geometry.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/02786820300927

Cites

13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution
Pope III, C. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132 · Cited by 8,447
The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants
KLEPEIS, N. E., NELSON, W. C., OTT, W. R., ROBINSON, J. P., TSANG, A. M., SWITZER, P., BEHAR, J. V., HERN, S. C., & ENGELMANN, W. H. (2001) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500165 · Cited by 4,803
CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER
Barron, R. F. (1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15230-9 · Cited by 3,537
Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence
Thatcher, T. L. (1995) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00016-r · Cited by 861
Personal exposure to airborne particles and metals: results from the Particle TEAM study in Riverside, California.
Özkaynak, H., Xue, J., Spengler, J. D., Wallace, L. A., Pellizzari, E. D., & Jenkins, P. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 476
Using Time- and Size-Resolved Particulate Data To Quantify Indoor Penetration and Deposition Behavior
Long, C. M., Suh, H. H., Catalano, P. J., & Koutrakis, P. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es001477d · Cited by 446
Review: Epidemiological Basis for Particulate Air Pollution Health Standards
Pope, C. A. (2000) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/027868200303885 · Cited by 430
Indoor particulate matter of outdoor origin: Importance of size-dependent removal mechanisms
Riley, W. J., McKone, T. E., Lai, A. C. K., & Nazaroff, W. W. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es010723y · Cited by 417
Self-citation
Modeling pollutant penetration across building envelopes
Liu, D.-L., & Nazaroff, W. W. (2001) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00218-7 · Cited by 273
Self-citation
Characterization of Indoor-Outdoor Aerosol Concentration Relationships during the Fresno PM Exposure Studies
Vette, A. F., Rea, A. W., Lawless, P. A., Rodes, C. E., Evans, G. F., Highsmith, V. R., & Sheldon, L. S. (2001) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820117903 · Cited by 187

Show all 13 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Chastain, J. P., Colliver, D. G., and Winner, P. W., Jr. (1987). Computation of Discharge Coefficients for Laminar Flow in Rectangular and Circular Opening, ASHRAE Trans. 27:2259-2283.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 215

Indoor/Outdoor Relationships of Airborne Particles under Controlled Pressure Difference across the Building Envelope in Korean Multifamily Apartments
Choi, D. H., & Kang, D. H. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10114074 · Cited by 16
Measuring the Building Envelope Penetration Factor for Ambient Nitrogen Oxides
Zhao, H., Gall, E. T., & Stephens, B. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b02920 · Cited by 16
A grid-merging operation to accelerate the Markov chain model in predicting steady-state and transient transmission of airborne particles
Mei, X., Gong, G., Su, H., Peng, P., Liu, J., & Xie, H. (2017) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.05.038 · Cited by 15
Estimation of Outdoor PM2.5 Infiltration into Multifamily Homes Depending on Building Characteristics Using Regression Models
Park, B. R., Eom, Y. S., Choi, D. H., & Kang, D. H. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13105708 · Cited by 14
Experimental measurements and theoretical simulation of sodium combustion aerosol leakage through capillaries
Narayanam, S. P., Kumar, A., Sen, S., Pujala, U., Subramanian, V., Srinivas, C. V., & Baskaran, R. (2019) · Progress in Nuclear Energy · doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2019.103111 · Cited by 14
Analysis of Building Retrofit, Ventilation, and Filtration Measures for Indoor Air Quality in a Real School Context: A Case Study in Korea
Sung, H. J., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. (2023) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings13041033 · Cited by 14
Experimental analysis of particle concentration heterogeneity in a ventilated scale chamber
Jin, H., Li, Q., Chen, L., Fan, J., & Lu, L. (2009) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.002 · Cited by 14
Numerical study of aerosol particle deposition in simple and converging–diverging micro-channels with a slip boundary condition at the wall
Hosseini, S. M. J., Goharrizi, A. S., & Abolpour, B. (2013) · Particuology · doi:10.1016/j.partic.2013.03.004 · Cited by 14
Indoor particle dynamics in a school office: determination of particle concentrations, deposition rates and penetration factors under naturally ventilated conditions
Cong, X. C., Zhao, J., Jing, Z., Wang, Q. G., & Ni, P. F. (2018) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-018-0116-x · Cited by 14
Migration of aerosol particles inside a two-zone apartment with natural ventilation: A multi-zone validation of the multi-compartment and size-resolved indoor aerosol model
Mølgaard, B., Ondráček, J., ́ávová, P. Š., Džumbová, L., Barták, M. M., Hussein, T., & Smolík, J. (2013) · Indoor and Built Environment · doi:10.1177/1420326x13481484 · Cited by 14
Site- and house-specific and meteorological factors influencing exchange of particles between outdoor and indoor domestic environments
Chiesa, M. R., Urgnani, R., Marzuoli, R., Finco, A., & Gerosa, G. A. (2019) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106181 · Cited by 13
Contributions of ambient air, indoor activity, and an air purifier to classroom PM2.5 levels in three elementary schools
Han, S., Kang, J., Park, Y., Kim, J., Son, Y., Kim, J., & Choi, W. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112674 · Cited by 12
The Effect of Outdoor Air and Indoor Human Activity on Mass Concentrations of Size-Selective Particulate in Classrooms
Choi, S. (2008) · Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences · doi:10.5668/jehs.2008.34.2.137 · Cited by 12
Gravitational effect on particle deposition in narrow channels with porous walls
Yu, Y., Gao, Y., Zhong, K., & Kang, Y. (2021) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108455 · Cited by 12
Mold spore penetration through wall service outlets: a pilot study
Muise, B., Seo, D., Blair, E. H., & Applegate, T. (2009) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-009-0819-7 · Cited by 12
Aerosol Generation by Blower Motors as a Bias in Assessing Aerosol Penetration into Cabin Filtration Systems
Heitbrink, W. A., & Collingwood, S. C. (2004) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459620590903020 · Cited by 11
Particle penetration research through buildings’ cracks
Popescu, L. L., & Limam, K. (2012) · Science and Technology for the Built Environment · doi:10.1080/10789669.2011.610686 · Cited by 10
Investigation of particle deposition and dispersion using Hybrid LES/RANS model based on Lattice Boltzmann method
Sajjadi, H., Salmanzadeh, M., Ahmadi, G., & Jafari, S. (2018) · Scientia Iranica · doi:10.24200/sci.2018.20723 · Cited by 10
Simulation and evaluation of sheltering efficiency of houses equipped with ventilation systems
Wang, W., Kato, N., Kimoto, S., Matsui, Y., & Yoneda, M. (2019) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106491 · Cited by 10
The Actual Efficacy of an Air Purifier at Different Outdoor PM2.5 Concentrations in Residential Houses with Different Airtightness
Shin, D., Kim, Y., Hong, K., Lee, G., Park, I., & Han, B. (2022) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics10100616 · Cited by 9
Shape-dependent aerosol dynamics in indoor environments: Penetration, deposition, and dispersion
Lv, L., & Zhao, B. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136305 · Cited by 9
Indoor Air Quality in Multi-Family Housing: Drivers and Interventions
Levy, J. I., & Kibilko, K. (2025) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-024-00470-7 · Cited by 9
Dynamic Estimation of PM2.5 Penetration and Removal Rates Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Indoor Air Quality Management
Kim, J., Son, J., & Koo, J.-M. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113038 · Cited by 9
Car Wake Flows and Ultrafine Particle Dispersion: From Experiments to Modelling
Murzyn, F., Fokoua, G., Rodriguez, R., Shen, C., Larrarte, F., & Mehel, A. (2019) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos11010039 · Cited by 9
Particulate Matter and Influencing Factors in Domestic Elementary Schools
Son, Y. (2020) · Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.5572/kosae.2020.36.2.153 · Cited by 9
Comparative Modelling Analysis of Air Pollutants, PM2.5 and Energy Efficiency Using Three Ventilation Strategies in a High-Rise Building: A Case Study in Suzhou, China
Fu, N., Kim, M. K., Chen, B., & Sharples, S. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13158453 · Cited by 9
SCC Aerosol Transport Model Summary Report
Chatzidakis, S. (2018) · doi:10.2172/1492159 · Cited by 9
Indoor air quality during sleep in university dormitories: exploring the impact of various ventilation patterns
Zheng, J., Wang, H., & Zhou, X. (2024) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-024-01673-5 · Cited by 8
Particles in the Indoor Environment
Fromme, H. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/34319 · Cited by 8
Parameterization of meteorological variables in the process of infiltration of outdoor ultrafine particles into a residential building
Hahn, I., Brixey, L. A., Wiener, R. W., & Henkle, S. W. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b907140g · Cited by 8
Aerosol transportation in horizontal channels with gravitational effects
Gao, Y., Zhong, K., & Kang, Y. (2019) · Particuology · doi:10.1016/j.partic.2018.10.002 · Cited by 8
Dispersion of ultrafine particles in the wake of a square back Ahmed body
Keita, N. S., Mehel, A., Fokoua, G., Murzyn, F., Tanière, A., Arcen, B., & Diourté, B. (2023) · Environmental Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1007/s10652-023-09923-3 · Cited by 7
Sheltering in buildings from large-scale outdoor releases
Chan, W. R., Price, P. N., & Gadgil, A. J. (2004) · doi:10.2172/835167 · Cited by 7
Are children safe indoor from outdoor air pollution? A short review
Ghirga, G., & Pipere, M. (2012) · Open Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.4236/ojped.2012.22016 · Cited by 7
Indoor and outdoor radionuclide distribution in houses after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Hirouchi, J., Takahara, S., & Yoshimura, K. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Radioactivity · doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106572 · Cited by 6
Penetration factor and indoor deposition rate of elementary and particulate iodine in a Japanese house for assessing the effectiveness of sheltering for radiation exposures
Hirouchi, J., Takahara, S., Komagamine, H., Kato, N., Matsui, Y., & Yoneda, M. (2021) · Journal of Radiological Protection · doi:10.1088/1361-6498/ac025b · Cited by 6
Impact of Outdoor Particles on Indoor Air
Chen, C., & Zhao, B. (2021) · Handbook of Indoor Air Quality · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5155-5_9-1 · Cited by 6
Regulations and Policy Measures Related to the Reduction of Ambient Particulate Matter
Morawska, L., Jayaratne, E. R., Knibbs, L. D., & Megatmokhtar, M. (2010) · Environmental science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12278-1_30 · Cited by 6
Analytical solutions for particle transport through an inclined channel with gravitational effect
Gao, Y., Yu, Y., Zhong, K., & Kang, Y. (2019) · Chinese Journal of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cjph.2019.05.010 · Cited by 6
Investigations on aerosol transport and deposition behavior during severe reactor accident
Hosan, M. I., TAKANISHI, K., Morita, K., Liu, W., & Xu, C. (2024) · Mechanical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1299/mej.23-00423 · Cited by 5
Effect of tortuosity on retention of aerosol particles through small curved concrete cracks
Wang, S., Tong, L., & Cao, X. (2023) · Progress in Nuclear Energy · doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104724 · Cited by 5
Indoor Outdoor Ultrafine Particle Measurements in Lecture Rooms
Wardoyo, A. Y. P., Santjojo, D. H., & Putri, I. I. H. (2013) · Cited by 5
Prediction of air leakage and aerosol transport through concrete cracks with a fractal based crack morphology model
Bishnoi, L. R., & Vedula, R. P. (2013) · Nuclear Engineering and Design · doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.06.032 · Cited by 5
An Experimental Study of Indoor and Outdoor Concentrations of Fine Particles Through Nonisothermal Cracks
Lai, A. C. K. (2013) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2013.810331 · Cited by 5
Monitoring and Mitigating Particulate Matter Deposition on Decorative Surfaces: Current and Future Approaches in the Palace of Westminster
Fox, S.-J., Babington, C., MacAlister, F., Bower, T. C., & de Fonjaudran, C. M. (2018) · Studies in Conservation · doi:10.1080/00393630.2018.1504515 · Cited by 5
Inhalation of Vehicle Emissions in Urban EnvironmentsPreprint
Marshall, J. D. (2005) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 5
Effect of paper filter windows on indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin
Yee, S.-W., Spitzack, J., Swanson, J., Jung, H., & Rim, D. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121996 · Cited by 4
Indoor hygrothermal condition and user satisfaction in naturally ventilated historic houses in temperate humid continental climate around the Baltic Sea
Alev, Ü., Kalamees, T., Eskola, L., Arumägi, E., Jokisalo, J., Donarelli, A., Sirén, K., & Broström, T. (2015) · Architectural Science Review · doi:10.1080/00038628.2015.1038980 · Cited by 4
Experimental evaluation of potential transport of mold spores from moldy studs in full-size wall assemblies
Rao, J., Fazio, P., Bartlett, K. H., & Yang, D.-Q. (2008) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.10.001 · Cited by 4
Airborne Particulate Matter in HVAC Systems and its Influence on Indoor Air Quality
Fu, Z., Li, N., & Wang, H.-Y. (2006) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) · Cited by 4
Diffusion Characteristics of PM2.5 in Rural Dwelling under Different Daily Life Behavior: A Case Study in Rural Shenyang of China
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Huang, G., Chen, B., Chen, Y., Zhao, J. R., & Sun, H. (2022) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings12081223 · Cited by 4
Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for the reduction factor of sheltering for radiation exposures
Hirouchi, J., Takahara, S., & Komagamine, H. (2022) · Journal of Radiological Protection · doi:10.1088/1361-6498/aca0ff · Cited by 4
A Case Study on Placement of Portable Air Cleaner Considering Outdoor Particle Infiltration into an Elementary School Classroom
Eom, Y.-S. (2020) · Journal of KIAEBS · doi:10.22696/jkiaebs.20200015 · Cited by 4
AN EVALUATION OF SHELTER-IN-PLACE STRATEGIES IN FOUR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
Fradella, J., & Siegel, J. (2005) · Cited by 4
Moisture and fungal spore transport in outdoor air-ventilated crawl spaces in a cold climate
Airaksinen, M. (2003) · Aaltodoc (Aalto University) · Cited by 4
Penetration of particles through vertical cracks
Orabi, M. (2024) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ad0f83 · Cited by 3
Experimental study on the retention of aerosol particles through concrete cracks under high Reynolds number flow
Wang, H., Sun, Z., Gu, H., Xing, J., Sun, X., Shi, X., & Zhao, B. (2024) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.net.2024.05.009 · Cited by 3
Modeling Particle Penetrations Through Wall Assemblies Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Gao, Z. J., & Zhang, J. S. (2015) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2015.1013207 · Cited by 3
Identification of penetration path and deposition distribution of radionuclides in houses by experiments and numerical model
Hirouchi, J., Takahara, S., Iijima, M., Watanabe, M., & Munakata, M. (2017) · Radiation Physics and Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.02.005 · Cited by 3
A Novel Method for Determining Infiltration of Mechanically Ventilated Buildings
Kulmala, I. K., Parviainen, H., Hall, I., & Pasanen, P. O. (2019) · Science and Technology for the Built Environment · doi:10.1080/23744731.2019.1620577 · Cited by 3
Modelling the exposure to fine particles and its impacts on human health in Europe
Gens, A. (2012) · OPUS Publication Server of the University of Stuttgart (University of Stuttgart) · doi:10.18419/opus-2021 · Cited by 3
Field measurements of fine and ultrafine particle penetration factors in Chicago residences
Farhoodi, S., Zhao, H., Heidarinejad, M., & Stephens, B. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113700 · Cited by 2
Impact of surface roughness on particle penetration through building envelope leakage
Tian, L., Zhang, G., Yu, J., Zhang, Q., & Zhou, J. Z. (2008) · International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy · doi:10.1504/ijetp.2008.020740 · Cited by 2
STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SHELTERING FROM RADIATION EXPOSURE DUE TO ACCIDENTAL RELEASE OF RADIOACTIVITY
Singh, A. K., Dey, R., Deokar, U. V., Ganesh, G., Kulkarni, M. S., & Anand, S. (2022) · Radiation Protection Dosimetry · doi:10.1093/rpd/ncac084 · Cited by 2
Impact of Outdoor Particles on Indoor Air
Chen, C., & Zhao, B. (2022) · Handbook of Indoor Air Quality · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7680-2_9 · Cited by 2
Predicting indoor concentrations and chemical composition of outdoor-originated particulate matter with a CONTAM building model
Tian, X., Cummings, B. E., Waring, M. S., Touchie, M. F., Robinson, E. S., Nault, B. A., & DeCarlo, P. F. (2025) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2025.2521337 · Cited by 2
Analysis on the Effect of an Air Cleaner in Elementary School Classrooms in Seoul, Korea for a Season of High Concentration Fine Particles in 2019
Han, B., Hong, K., Lee, G., Kim, S.-B., Park, I., Park, D.-H., Kim, H., Kim, Y.-J., Lee, Y.-W., Kim, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.5572/kosae.2021.37.5.744 · Cited by 2
Control of fine particulate pollution inside entrance booths
Wang, R., Chen, Q., & Zhao, B. (2019) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106576 · Cited by 2
In situ investigation on linkage between particle penetration and air exchange through building envelope
Wang, X., Gao, Z., Yang, J., & Yang, X. (2018) · International Journal of Ventilation · doi:10.1080/14733315.2018.1472469 · Cited by 2
Development of Experimental Procedure to Evaluate Potential Movement of Mold Spores from Wall Cavity to Indoor Environment
Fazio, P., Bartlett, K. H., Yang, D.-Q., Rao, J., & Gang, M. (2014) · Cited by 2
Airborne metals and particulate matter measured inside and outside farmworker homes with evaporative coolers and air filtration interventions
Chen, K., Catangay, N., Wang, Z.-M., Wang, M., Singh, A., Heidarinejad, M., Stephens, B., Kaser, I., Rodriguez, R., Martínez, N. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2025.2572811 · Cited by 1
Lateral fungal spore movement inside a simulated wall
Muise, B., & Seo, D. (2008) · Aerobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10453-008-9103-5 · Cited by 1
Discussion on the Ecological Design of Architecture in Improving the Indoor Environment Quality of
Zhang, G. M., & Wang, X. J. (2012) · Applied Mechanics and Materials · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3126 · Cited by 1
Numerical Simulations For Particle Penetration Through Buildings Cracks
Olea, L. L., Limam, K., & Colda, I. (2007) · Cited by 1
The Effect of Floor Height on Secondhand Smoke Transfer in Multiunit Housing
Gill, E., Anastasiou, E., Tovar, A., Shelley, D., Rule, A. M., Chen, R., Thorpe, L. E., & Gordon, T. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073794 · Cited by 1
A study on transport and plugging of sodium aerosol in leak paths of concrete blocks
Narayanam, S. P., Sen, S., Kumari, K., Kumar, A., Pujala, U., Subramanian, V., Chandrasekharan, S., Preetha, R., & Venkatraman, B. (2023) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.net.2023.09.017 · Cited by 1
Measurement of Aerosol Transmission Through a Stress Corrosion Crack–Like Geometry
Durbin, S. G., Pulido, R., Jones, P. M., & Perales, A. (2024) · Nuclear Technology · doi:10.1080/00295450.2024.2302727 · Cited by 1
Particle characterization in commercial buildings: A cross-sectional study in 40 offices in Singapore
Sultan, Z., Li, J., Pantelic, J., & Schiavon, S. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172126 · Cited by 1
A New Modelling for the Penetration of Aerosols Through Cracks
Orabi, M. (2024) · Aerosol Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s41810-024-00242-8 · Cited by 1
Experimental study of environmental factors affecting particle infiltration in buildings
Qiu, J., Liu, Y., Luo, X., & Jin, L. (2025) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112408 · Cited by 1
Quantifying airtightness-to-infiltration conversion: A long-term field study under variable temperature differences in university classrooms
Park, S., Park, S., & Song, D. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179456 · Cited by 1
Citizen-operated low-cost sensors for estimating outdoor particulate matter infiltration
Salamalikis, V., Hassani, A., Zawadzki, P., Bykuć, S., & Castell, N. (2025) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-025-01787-4 · Cited by 1
Test Study About PM2.5 Penetrations Through Building Envelope
Wang, Y., Wang, F., Wang, H., Zhang, H., & Li, J. (2020) · Environmental science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9520-8_148 · Cited by 1
Prediction of the concentration and size distribution of indoor suspended particulate matter
Liu, H., & Zhao, Z. (2011) · International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering · doi:10.1109/iceice.2011.5777801
Theoretical modelling of gas flow and filtering of particulates in cracks in containment barriers, and comparison with other theoretical and empirical studies
Han, W. E. (2012) · Fusion Engineering and Design · doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.03.016
Partikelpenetration von der Außenluft in die Raumluft: Durchlässigkeitskoeffizienten in Abhängigkeit von Partikelgröße und Luftdichtheit der Untersuchungsräume
Laußmann, D., & Eis, D. (2009) · Robert-Koch-Institut (RKI) · doi:10.25646/522
Characterizing the impacts of air-conditioning systems, filters, and building envelopes on exposures to indoor pollutants and energy consumption in residential and light-commercial buildings
Stephens, B. R. (2012) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)
Preliminary Analysis of Particulate Infiltration into Space System Volumes
Liu, D.-L., & Luey, K. T. (2007) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Self-citation
From the Inside Out – Application of the Mass Balance Model for PM Exposure Assessment in Residential Settings Under the Influences of Indoor and Outdoor Factors
Lee, W. (2015) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
PROBE-PM—A CODE TO SIMULATE PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN VENTILATION SYSTEM
Yan, B., & Zhao, B. (2015)
Ultrafine particle concentration inside vehicles: models for exposure assessment
Hudda, N. (2012) · University of Southern California Digital Library · doi:10.25549/usctheses-c3-59249
Mathematical modeling of particle deposition and distribution in indoor environments
Chen, F. (2006) · doi:10.32657/10356/5245
A ventilação híbrida como estratégia de renovação do arde edifícios de serviços com ocupação permanente
Raimundo, A. M., & Cardoso, O. N. (2013) · Revista iberoamericana de ingeniería mecánica. · doi:10.5944/ribim.17.2.42494
Physical properties of particles and their implications for the calculation of the human regional lung dose
Vu, V. T. (2016) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Mycobiota of anthropogenic and natural underground objects
Martynenko, S. V., Kondratiuk, T., & Sukhomlyn, M. (2017) · Ukrainian Botanical Journal · doi:10.15407/ukrbotj74.03.220
Experimental study on particle plugging in ultrafine capillaries
Tian, M., Han, X., Gan, Z., Wang, Y., & Zou, R. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/237/5/052014
A CFD approach for particle penetration through building cracks
Olea, L. P., Limam, K., & Colda, I. (2007) · HAL
Correlation Analysis of Building Airtightness and Outdoor Particle Infiltration Index in Apartment Buildings
Eom, Y.-S. (2021) · Journal of KIAEBS · doi:10.22696/jkiaebs.20210006
Az extrém alacsony-frekvenciás elektromágneses expozíció viselkedési és élettani hatásainak humán-és állatkisérletes vizsgálata
Szemerszky, R. (2011) · ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT) (Eötvös Loránd University)
Effect of the Meteorological Parameters on the Indoor PM2.5 and PM10 Concentrations in a Hospital
Keyvani, S., Mohammadyan, M., & Chimehi, E. (2020) · SRPH Journal of Medical Sciences and Healthcare Management · doi:10.47176/sjmshm.2.4.1

Authors: Liu, D.-L., & Nazaroff, W. W.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
ORCID: Nazaroff, William W.
Venue: Aerosol Science and Technology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 37
Issue: 7
Pages: 565-573
ISSN: 0278-6826 (ISSN-L)
1521-7388
DOI: 10.1080/02786820300927
OpenAlex: W2093220872
Cited by: 215
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 4.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Aerosol Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC03-?, AC03-76SF00098, DEAC03-76SF00098)
Office of Research and Development
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Wind and Air Flow Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
Keywords: particle penetration, building cracks, building envelope, indoor air quality, particle size, pressure difference, building materials, surface roughness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Particle Penetration Through Building Cracks

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks