Cited by 215Indoor Air Quality and Microbial ExposureWind and Air Flow StudiesAir Quality and Health Impacts

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Particle Penetration Through Building Cracks

Open access

Liu, De-Ling, Nazaroff, William W.·2003·Aerosol Science and Technology

DOI 10.1080/02786820300927

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Particle penetration into buildings influences human exposure to particles of ambient origin. In this study, we present the results of laboratory experiments measuring particle penetration through surrogates of cracks in building envelopes. Rectangular slots were prepared, with crack heights of 0.25 and 1 mm and flow-path lengths of 4-10 cm, using common building materials: aluminum, brick, concrete, plywood, redwood lumber, pine lumber, and strand board. Air was drawn through a slot from a well-mixed chamber by applying a pressure difference ( j P) of 4 or 10 Pa. Nonvolatile, electrically neutralized particles were generated and introduced into the chamber. The particle penetration factor was determined, for particle sizes 0.02-7 w m, as the ratio of the particle concentration downstream of the slot to that in the chamber. Particle size and crack height were the two main factors that governed fractional particle penetration. Consistent with prior modeling results, the penetration factor was nearly unity for particles of diameter 0.1-1.0 w m at S 0.25 mm crack height and j P of S 4 Pa. Particle penetration diminished for larger and smaller particles and for cracks with significant surface roughness and irregular geometry.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/02786820300927

Cites

13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution
Pope III, C. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132 · Cited by 8,447
The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants
KLEPEIS, N. E., NELSON, W. C., OTT, W. R., ROBINSON, J. P., TSANG, A. M., SWITZER, P., BEHAR, J. V., HERN, S. C., & ENGELMANN, W. H. (2001) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500165 · Cited by 4,803
CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER
Barron, R. F. (1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15230-9 · Cited by 3,537
Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence
Thatcher, T. L. (1995) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00016-r · Cited by 861
Personal exposure to airborne particles and metals: results from the Particle TEAM study in Riverside, California.
Özkaynak, H., Xue, J., Spengler, J. D., Wallace, L. A., Pellizzari, E. D., & Jenkins, P. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 476
Using Time- and Size-Resolved Particulate Data To Quantify Indoor Penetration and Deposition Behavior
Long, C. M., Suh, H. H., Catalano, P. J., & Koutrakis, P. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es001477d · Cited by 446
Review: Epidemiological Basis for Particulate Air Pollution Health Standards
Pope, C. A. (2000) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/027868200303885 · Cited by 430
Indoor particulate matter of outdoor origin: Importance of size-dependent removal mechanisms
Riley, W. J., McKone, T. E., Lai, A. C. K., & Nazaroff, W. W. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es010723y · Cited by 417
Self-citation
Modeling pollutant penetration across building envelopes
Liu, D.-L., & Nazaroff, W. W. (2001) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00218-7 · Cited by 273
Self-citation
Characterization of Indoor-Outdoor Aerosol Concentration Relationships during the Fresno PM Exposure Studies
Vette, A. F., Rea, A. W., Lawless, P. A., Rodes, C. E., Evans, G. F., Highsmith, V. R., & Sheldon, L. S. (2001) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820117903 · Cited by 187

Show all 13 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Chastain, J. P., Colliver, D. G., and Winner, P. W., Jr. (1987). Computation of Discharge Coefficients for Laminar Flow in Rectangular and Circular Opening, ASHRAE Trans. 27:2259-2283.

Sorted by citations

Passive building energy savings: A review of building envelope components
Sadineni, S. B., Madala, S., & Boehm, R. F. (2011) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.014 · Cited by 1,427
Review of relationship between indoor and outdoor particles: I/O ratio, infiltration factor and penetration factor
Chen, C., & Zhao, B. (2010) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.048 · Cited by 993
Indoor particle dynamics
Nazaroff, W. W. (2004) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00286.x · Cited by 646
Self-citation
Exposure Assessment for Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles (UFPs) and Implications in Epidemiologic Research
Sioutas, C., Delfino, R. J., & Singh, M. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7939 · Cited by 617
The effect of outdoor air and indoor human activity on mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in a classroom
Braniš, M., Řezáčová, P., & Domasová, M. (2005) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2004.12.001 · Cited by 249
Indoor fungi: companions and contaminants
Nevalainen, A. I., Täubel, M., & Hyvärinen, A. (2014) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.12182 · Cited by 234
Penetration of freeway ultrafine particles into indoor environments
Zhu, Y., Hinds, W. C., Krudysz, M. A., Kühn, T., Froines, J. R., & Sioutas, C. (2004) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.09.007 · Cited by 194
The effect of natural ventilation strategy on indoor air quality in schools
Stabile, L., Dell’Isola, M., Russi, A., Massimo, A., & Buonanno, G. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.048 · Cited by 181
Estimating the concentration of indoor particles of outdoor origin: A review
Diapouli, E., Chaloulakou, A., & Koutrakis, P. (2013) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2013.791649 · Cited by 174
Intake Fraction for Particulate Matter: Recommendations for Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Humbert, S., Marshall, J. D., Shaked, S., Spadaro, J. V., Nishioka, Y., Preiß, P., McKone, T. E., Horvath, A., & Jolliet, O. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es103563z · Cited by 174
Estimates of HVAC filtration efficiency for fine and ultrafine particles of outdoor origin
Azimi, P., Zhao, D., & Stephens, B. (2014) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.007 · Cited by 172
Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution on Indoor Air Quality in Low-Income Homes during Wildfire Seasons
Shrestha, P. M., Humphrey, J. L., Carlton, E. J., Adgate, J. L., Barton, K. E., Root, E. D., & Miller, S. L. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193535 · Cited by 155
A Concentration Rebound Method for Measuring Particle Penetration and Deposition in the Indoor Environment
Thatcher, T. L., Lunden, M. M., Revzan, K. L., Sextro, R. G., & Brown, N. J. (2003) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820300940 · Cited by 142
Secondhand Smoke Transfer in Multiunit Housing
King, B., Travers, M. J., Cummings, K. M., Mahoney, M. C., & Hyland, A. J. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq162 · Cited by 133
A methodology for predicting particle penetration factor through cracks of windows and doors for actual engineering application
Chen, C., Zhao, B., Zhou, W., Jiang, X., & Tan, Z. (2011) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.07.004 · Cited by 128
Penetration of ambient submicron particles into single-family residences and associations with building characteristics
Stephens, B., & Siegel, J. A. (2012) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00779.x · Cited by 126
Influence of ventilation and filtration on indoor particle concentrations in urban office buildings
Quang, T. N., He, C., Morawska, L., & Knibbs, L. D. (2013) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.009 · Cited by 118
Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review
Grau‐Bové, J., & Strlič, M. (2013) · Heritage Science · doi:10.1186/2050-7445-1-8 · Cited by 115
Contribution of indoor-generated particles to residential exposure
Isaxon, C., Gudmundsson, A., Nordin, E., Lönnblad, L., Dahl, A., Wieslander, G., Bohgard, M., & Wierzbicka, A. (2014) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.053 · Cited by 107
Determining the infiltration of outdoor particles in the indoor environment using a dynamic model
Bennett, D. H., & Koutrakis, P. (2005) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.05.020 · Cited by 107
Removal of submicron particles using a carbon fiber ionizer-assisted medium air filter in a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system
Park, J. H., Yoon, K. Y., & Hwang, J. (2011) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.02.010 · Cited by 91
Vehicle and Driving Characteristics That Influence In-Cabin Particle Number Concentrations
Hudda, N., Kostenidou, E., Sioutas, C., Delfino, R. J., & Fruin, S. A. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es202025m · Cited by 86
Characterizing ultrafine particles and other air pollutants at five schools in South Texas
Zhang, Q., & Zhu, Y. (2011) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00738.x · Cited by 85
WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality
Kelly, F. J. (2010) · Cited by 85
Composition of Particulate Matter During a Wildfire Smoke Episode in an Urban Area
Sparks, T. L., & Wagner, J. (2021) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2021.1895429 · Cited by 81
Impacts of Aviation Emissions on Near-Airport Residential Air Quality
Hudda, N., Durant, L. W., Fruin, S. A., & Durant, J. L. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c01859 · Cited by 83
Chemical characterization and source apportionment of indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in retirement communities of the Los Angeles Basin
Hasheminassab, S., Daher, N., Shafer, M. M., Schauer, J. J., Delfino, R. J., & Sioutas, C. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.044 · Cited by 82
Characterizing the burden of disease of particulate matter for life cycle impact assessment
Gronlund, C. J., Humbert, S., Shaked, S., O’Neill, M. S., & Jolliet, O. (2014) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-014-0283-6 · Cited by 78
Inhalation intake of ambient air pollution in California's South Coast Air Basin
Marshall, J. D., Granvold, P. W., Hoats, A. S., McKone, T. E., Deakin, E. A., & Nazaroff, W. W. (2006) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.034 · Cited by 77
Self-citation
Simulations of indoor airflow and particle dispersion and deposition by the lattice Boltzmann method using LES and RANS approaches
Sajjadi, H., Salmanzadeh, M., Ahmadi, G., & Jafari, S. (2016) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.03.006 · Cited by 76
How Does Infiltration Behavior Modify the Composition of Ambient PM2.5 in Indoor Spaces? An Analysis of RIOPA Data
Meng, Q. Y., Turpin, B. J., Lee, J., Polidori, A., Weisel, C. P., Morandi, M. T., Colome, S. D., Zhang, J. J., Stock, T. H., & Winer, A. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es070037k · Cited by 74
The effect of air purifiers on the reduction in indoor PM2.5 concentrations and population health improvement
Li, C., Bai, L. M., He, Z., Liu, X., & Xu, X. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.103298 · Cited by 73
Comparison of Test Methods for Determining the Particle Removal Efficiency of Filters in Residential and Light-Commercial Central HVAC Systems
Stephens, B., & Siegel, J. A. (2012) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2011.642825 · Cited by 74
Multiunit housing residents' experiences and attitudes toward smoke-free policies
King, B. A., Cummings, K. M., Mahoney, M. C., Juster, H. R., & Hyland, A. J. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq053 · Cited by 68
Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Italian Classrooms
Fuoco, F. C., Stabile, L., Buonanno, G., Trassiera, C. V., Massimo, A., Russi, A., Mazaheri, M., Morawska, L., & Andrade, A. (2015) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos6111652 · Cited by 65
The climate and health benefits from intensive building energy efficiency improvements
Gillingham, K. T., Huang, P., Buehler, C., Peccia, J., & Gentner, D. R. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg0947 · Cited by 69
Quantitative Analysis of the Parameters Affecting In-Cabin to On-Roadway (I/O) Ultrafine Particle Concentration Ratios
Xu, B., & Zhu, Y. (2009) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820802705837 · Cited by 60
Particle Mass Concentrations and Number Size Distributions in 40 Homes in Germany: Indoor-to-Outdoor Relationships, Diurnal and Seasonal Variation
Zhao, J., Birmili, W., Wehner, B., Daniels, A., Weinhold, K., Wang, L., Merkel, M., Kecorius, S., Tuch, T., Franck, U. F., et al. (2020) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2019.09.0444 · Cited by 58
Mathematical model of particle penetration through smooth/rough building envelop leakages
Tian, L., Zhang, G., Lin, Y., Yu, J., Zhou, J., & Zhang, Q. (2009) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.08.007 · Cited by 57
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Indoor Air Quality Affected by Outdoor Air Particulate Levels (Pm1.0, Pm2.5 and Pm10), Room Infiltration Rate, and Occupants’ Behaviour
Fu, N., Kim, M. K., Huang, L., Liu, J., Chen, B., & Sharples, S. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158026 · Cited by 56
On-site measurement of tracer gas transmission between horizontal adjacent flats in residential building and cross-infection risk assessment
Wu, Y., Tung, T. C. W., & Niu, J. (2016) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.01.013 · Cited by 55
Seasonal variation in aerosol composition and concentration upon transport from the outdoor to indoor environment
Avery, A. M., Waring, M. S., & DeCarlo, P. F. (2019) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/c8em00471d · Cited by 54
Future trends in ambient air pollution and climate in Germany – Implications for the indoor environment
Salthammer, T., Schieweck, A., Gu, J., Ameri, S., & Uhde, E. (2018) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.07.050 · Cited by 49
The effectiveness of stand alone air cleaners for shelter-in-place
Ward, M., Siegel, J. A., & Corsi, R. L. (2005) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00326.x · Cited by 47
Fungal spore transport through a building structure
Airaksinen, M., Kurnitski, J., Pasanen, P. O., & Seppänen, O. (2004) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00215.x · Cited by 46
Comparison of Three Approaches to Model Particle Penetration Coefficient through a Single Straight Crack in a Building Envelope
Zhao, B., Chen, C., Yang, X., & Lai, A. C. K. (2010) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786821003689937 · Cited by 45
Co-optimisation of indoor environmental quality and energy consumption within urban office buildings
Tran, Q., He, C., Knibbs, L. D., de Dear, R., & Morawska, L. (2014) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 45
Seasonal variability in environmental tobacco smoke exposure in public housing developments
Arku, R. E., Adamkiewicz, G., Vallarino, J., Spengler, J. D., & Levy, D. E. (2014) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.12121 · Cited by 44
Prediction of indoor concentration of 0.5–4μm particles of outdoor origin in an uninhabited apartment
Schneider, T., Jensen, K. A., Clausen, P. A., Afshari, A., Gunnarsen, L., Wåhlin, P., Glasius, M., Palmgren, F., Nielsen, O. J., & Fogh, C. L. (2004) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.08.002 · Cited by 42
Spatiotemporally resolved air exchange rate as a modifier of acute air pollution-related morbidity in Atlanta
Sarnat, J. A., Sarnat, S. E., Flanders, W. D., Chang, H. H., Mulholland, J. A., Baxter, L. K., Isakov, V., & Özkaynak, H. (2013) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2013.32 · Cited by 40
Investigation of outdoor air pollutant, PM 2.5 affecting the indoor air quality in a high-rise building
Fu, N., Kim, M. K., Chen, B., & Sharples, S. (2021) · Indoor and Built Environment · doi:10.1177/1420326x211038279 · Cited by 38
Using Regional Data and Building Leakage to Assess Indoor Concentrations of Particles of Outdoor Origin
Hering, S. V., Lunden, M. M., Thatcher, T. L., Kirchstetter, T. W., & Brown, N. J. (2007) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820701368026 · Cited by 38
Infiltration of Ambient PM2.5 through Building Envelope in Apartment Housing Units in Korea
Choi, D. H., & Kang, D. H. (2016) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2016.06.0287 · Cited by 38
Health impacts due to personal exposure to fine particles caused by insulation of residential buildings in Europe
Gens, A., Hurley, J. F., Tuomisto, J. T., & Friedrich, R. (2013) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.054 · Cited by 36
Study on particle penetration through straight, L, Z and wedge-shaped cracks in buildings
Li, A., Ren, T., Yang, C., Lv, W., & Zhang, F. (2016) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.024 · Cited by 36
Penetration of fine particles through rough cracks
Lai, A. C. K., Fung, J. L. S., Li, M., & Leung, K. Y. (2012) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.053 · Cited by 36
Time for New Methods for Avoidance of House Dust Mite and Other Allergens
Tovey, E. R., & Ferro, A. R. (2012) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-012-0285-0 · Cited by 35
Building design and operational choices that impact indoor exposures to outdoor particulate matter inside residences
Stephens, B. (2015) · Science and Technology for the Built Environment · doi:10.1080/10789669.2014.961849 · Cited by 33
Effect of air velocity on nanoparticles dispersion in the wake of a vehicle model: Wind tunnel experiments
Mehel, A., & Murzyn, F. (2015) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.5094/apr.2015.069 · Cited by 34
Analysis of thermograms for the estimation of dimensions of cracks in building envelope
Dufour, M. B., Derome, D., & Zmeureanu, R. (2009) · Infrared Physics & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2009.01.004 · Cited by 33
Using portable particle sizing instrumentation to rapidly measure the penetration of fine and ultrafine particles in unoccupied residences
Zhao, H., & Stephens, B. (2016) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.12295 · Cited by 34
Characteristics and control strategies of indoor particles: An updated review
Li, J., Fan, G., Ou, Y., & Deng, Q. (2023) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113232 · Cited by 32
Laboratory and field investigation of portable air cleaners’ long-term performance for particle removal to be published in: Building and environment
Pei, J., Dai, W., Li, H., & Liu, J. (2020) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107100 · Cited by 32
A review on indoor and outdoor factors affecting the level of particulate matter in classrooms of elementary schools
Son, Y. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106957 · Cited by 33
Modeling Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Infiltration in Low-Income Multifamily Housing before and after Building Energy Retrofits
Fabian, M. P., Lee, S., Underhill, L. J., Vermeer, K., Adamkiewicz, G., & Levy, J. I. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13030327 · Cited by 31
Occupant behavior and indoor particulate concentrations in daycare centers
Um, C. Y., Zhang, N., Kang, K., Na, H., Choi, H., & Kim, T. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153206 · Cited by 30
Ultrafine particle penetration through idealized vehicle cracks
Xu, B., Liu, S., & Zhu, Y. (2010) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.05.005 · Cited by 28
Relationships of outdoor and indoor ultrafine particles at residences downwind of a major international border crossing in Buffalo, NY
McAuley, T. R., Fisher, R., Zhou, X., Jaques, P. A., & Ferro, A. R. (2010) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00654.x · Cited by 28
Ten questions concerning indoor ultrafine particles
Nazaroff, W. W. (2023) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110641 · Cited by 27
Self-citation
Prevalence and predictors of smoke-free policy implementation and support among owners and managers of multiunit housing
King, B. A., Travers, M. J., Cummings, K. M., Mahoney, M. C., & Hyland, A. J. (2009) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp175 · Cited by 27
Ultrafine and Fine Particulate Matter Inside and Outside of Mechanically Ventilated Buildings
Miller, S. L., Facciola, N., Toohey, D. W., & Zhai, Z. J. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14020128 · Cited by 27
Extraction of Wall Cracks on Earthquake-Damaged Buildings Based on TLS Point Clouds
Jiang, H., Li, Q., Jiao, Q., Wang, X., & Wu, L. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/jstars.2018.2857564 · Cited by 27
Particulate matter investigation in indoor environment
(2013) · Global NEST Journal · doi:10.30955/gnj.000689 · Cited by 27
A simple mechanistic model for particle penetration and plugging in tubes and cracks
Mitrakos, D., Chatzidakis, S., Hinis, E. P., Herranz, L. E., Parozzi, F., & Housiadas, C. (2008) · Nuclear Engineering and Design · doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.07.002 · Cited by 25
Contribution of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles to airborne particulate matter in indoor and outdoor environments
Marcovecchio, F., & Perrino, C. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128510 · Cited by 25
Indoor air concentrations of PM 2.5 quartz fiber filter-collected ionic PFAS and emissions to outdoor air: findings from the IPA campaign
Chang, N. Y., Eichler, C. M. A., Amparo, D. E., Zhou, J., Baumann, K., Cohen Hubal, E. A., Surratt, J. D., Morrison, G. C., & Turpin, B. J. (2025) · Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d4em00359d · Cited by 24
Estimating climate change-related impacts on outdoor air pollution infiltration
Liang, D., Lee, W.-C., Liao, J., Lawrence, J. E., Wolfson, J. M., Ebelt, S., Kang, C., Koutrakis, P., & Sarnat, J. A. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110923 · Cited by 24
Air Quality - Monitoring and Modeling
(2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/1792 · Cited by 23
Review of Engineering Controls for Indoor Air Quality: A Systems Design Perspective
Li, S. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151914232 · Cited by 29
Impact of the external window crack structure on indoor PM2.5 mass concentration
Chen, Z., Chen, C., Wei, S., Wu, Y., Wang, Y., & Wan, Y. (2016) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.08.031 · Cited by 22
The experimental study on indoor and outdoor penetration coefficient of atmospheric fine particles
Lv, Y., Wang, H., Wei, S., Wu, T., Liu, T., & Chen, B. (2018) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.01.021 · Cited by 22
A Comparison Study of Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality in Nanjing, China
Xu, R., Qi, X., Dai, G., Lin, H., Zhai, P., Zhu, C., Wang, L., & Ding, A. (2020) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2019.10.0496 · Cited by 22
Infiltration Characteristic of Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) for the Window Gaps
Wan, Y., Chen, C., Wang, P., Wang, Y., Chen, Z., & Zhao, L. (2015) · Procedia Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1050 · Cited by 21
Identifying and quantifying secondhand smoke in source and receptor rooms: logistic regression and chemical mass balance approaches
Dacunto, P. J., Cheng, K.-C., Acevedo-Bolton, V., Jiang, R.-T., Klepeis, N. E., Repace, J., Ott, W. R., & Hildemann, L. M. (2013) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.12049 · Cited by 20
Transport of indoor aerosols to hidden interior spaces
Tang, M., Zhu, N., Kinney, K. A., & Novoselac, A. (2019) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2019.1677854 · Cited by 20
Air infiltration induced inter-unit dispersion and infectious risk assessment in a high-rise residential building
Wu, Y. L., Niu, J., & Liu, X. (2017) · Building Simulation · doi:10.1007/s12273-017-0388-6 · Cited by 20
Quantifying the Transmission of Outdoor Pollutants into the Indoor Environment and Vice Versa—Review of Influencing Factors, Methods, Challenges and Future Direction
Mohammadi, M., & Calautit, J. K. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141710880 · Cited by 19
A modified Brownian force for ultrafine particle penetration through building crack modeling
Chen, C., & Zhao, B. (2017) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.035 · Cited by 19
Industrial Applications, Environmental Fate, Human Exposure, and Health Effects of PFAS
Hasan, M., Habib, A., Alam, M., Islam, S., & Halim, E. (2025) · Pollutants · doi:10.3390/pollutants5040043 · Cited by 21
“Once in the air, PFAAs, which break down very slowly, can travel far and settle into water and soil through wet and dry deposition [1,95].”
Improving Predictions of Indoor Aerosol Concentrations of Outdoor Origin by Considering the Phase Change of Semivolatile Material Driven by Temperature and Mass-Loading Gradients
Cummings, B. E., Avery, A. M., DeCarlo, P. F., & Waring, M. S. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00417 · Cited by 18
Analysis of vertical movement of particulate matter due to the stack effect in high-rise buildings
Park, S., Yun, C., Lim, H., & Song, D. (2022) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119113 · Cited by 18
A mathematical model for predicting indoor PM 2.5 concentration under different ventilation methods in residential buildings
Xie, W., Fan, Y., Zhang, X., Tian, G., & Si, P. (2020) · Building Services Engineering Research and Technology · doi:10.1177/0143624420905102 · Cited by 18
Role of ventilation on the transmission of viruses in buildings, from a single zone to a multizone approach
Guyot, G., Sayah, S., Guernouti, S., & Mélois, A. (2022) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.13097 · Cited by 16
Evaluation of Outdoor Particle Infiltration into Classrooms Considering Air Leakage and Other Building Characteristics in Korean Schools
Eom, Y. S., Park, B. R., Shin, H. W., & Kang, D. H. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13137382 · Cited by 17
Air quality in archives housed in historic buildings: Assessment of concentration of indoor particles of outdoor origin
Mašková, L., Smolík, J., Ondráček, J., Ondráčková, L., Trávníčková, T., & Havlica, J. (2020) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107024 · Cited by 17
Investigation of PM10, PM2.5, PM1 in an unoccupied airflow-controlled room: How reliable to neglect resuspension and assume unreactive particles?
Stratigou, E., Dusanter, S., de Brito, J. F., & Riffault, V. (2020) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107357 · Cited by 17
Continuous measurement of reactive oxygen species inside and outside of a residential house during summer
Eftekhari, A., Fortenberry, C. F., Williams, B. J., Walker, M. J., Dang, A. J., Pfaff, A. R., Nuran Ercal, A., & Morrison, G. (2021) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.12789 · Cited by 19
Smoke-Free Policies in Multiunit Housing: Smoking Behavior and Reactions to Messaging Strategies in Support or in Opposition
Berg, C. J., Haardörfer, R., Windle, M. T., Solomon, M., & Kegler, M. C. (2015) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd12.140479 · Cited by 17
Particulate Matter Formation
Humbert, S., Fantke, P., & Jolliet, O. (2015) · LCA compendium · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9744-3_6 · Cited by 17
Effects of Ambient Temperature and Humidity on Natural Deposition Characteristics of Airborne Biomass Particles
Yuan, Y., Li, S., Chen, T., & Ren, J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031890 · Cited by 16

Authors: Liu, D.-L., & Nazaroff, W. W.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
ORCID: Nazaroff, William W.
Venue: Aerosol Science and Technology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 37
Issue: 7
Pages: 565-573
ISSN: 0278-6826 (ISSN-L)
1521-7388
DOI: 10.1080/02786820300927
OpenAlex: W2093220872
Cited by: 215
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 4.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Aerosol Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC03-?, AC03-76SF00098, DEAC03-76SF00098)
Office of Research and Development
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Wind and Air Flow Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
Keywords: particle penetration, building cracks, building envelope, indoor air quality, particle size, pressure difference, building materials, surface roughness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Particle Penetration Through Building Cracks

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks