Cited by 125Psychedelics and Drug StudiesParanormal Experiences and BeliefsPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Might Microdosing Psychedelics Be Safe and Beneficial? An Initial Exploration

Fadiman, James, Korb, Sophia·2019·Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

DOI 10.1080/02791072.2019.1593561

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Albert Hoffman suggested that low doses of LSD might be an appropriate alternative to Ritalin. Following this possibility, a systematic exploration of the effects of "microdoses," comprising hundreds of lengthy descriptive reports, was undertaken. Based on these reports, using a psychedelic in the microdose range (10 micrograms) every three days was determined to be safe across a wide variety of individuals and conditions. Over 18 months, more than a thousand individuals from 59 countries did a daily evaluation of negative and positive emotional state using the PANAS checklist plus written reports for between one week and four months. Participant reports suggested that spaced but repeated microdoses were followed by improvements in negative moods, especially depression, and increases in positive moods. Increased energy, improved work effectiveness, and improved health habits were observed in clinical and non-clinical populations. Smaller samples described alleviation of symptoms in migraine headaches, pre-menstrual syndromes, traumatic brain injury, shingles, and other conditions not previously associated with psychedelic use.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/02791072.2019.1593561

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Real-World Evidence — What Is It and What Can It Tell Us?
Sherman, R. E., Anderson, S. A., Pan, G. J. D., Gray, G. W., Gross, T. P., Hunter, N. L., LaVange, L. M., Marinac‐Dabic, D., Marks, P. W., Robb, M. A., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsb1609216 · Cited by 2,192
LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: A qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects
Gasser, P., Kirchner, K., & Passie, T. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114555249 · Cited by 456
Advances in Psychedelic Medicine
(2019) · doi:10.5040/9798400607196 · Cited by 17

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 5

Cerletti A., 2005, LSD: My problem child, 85
Fadiman J., 2016, Psychedelic Press Journal, 15, 1
Grob C., 2002, Hallucinogens: A reader, 17
Hofmann A., 2005, LSD: My problem child
Passie T., 2018, The science of microdosing psychedelics

Sorted by citations

Towards an understanding of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity
Calder, A. E., & Hasler, G. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01389-z · Cited by 313
Acute dose-dependent effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects
Holze, F., Vizeli, P., Ley, L., Müller, F., Dolder, P., Stocker, M., Duthaler, U., Varghese, N., Eckert, A., Borgwardt, S., et al. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-00883-6 · Cited by 245
Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms
Inserra, A., De Gregorio, D., & Gobbi, G. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056 · Cited by 232
Microdosing psychedelics: More questions than answers? An overview and suggestions for future research
Kuypers, K. P. C., Ng, L., Erritzøe, D., Knudsen, G. M., Nichols, C. D., Nichols, D. E., Pani, L., Soula, A., & Nutt, D. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119857204 · Cited by 227
Microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
Cavanna, F., Muller, S. L., de la Fuente, L. A., Zamberlán, F., Palmucci, M., Janeckova, L., Kuchař, M., Pallavicini, C., & Tagliazucchi, E. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02039-0 · Cited by 157
Microdosing psychedelics: Motivations, subjective effects and harm reduction
Lea, T., Amada, N. M., Jungaberle, H., Schecke, H., & Klein, M. (2019) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.11.008 · Cited by 121
Psychedelic microdosing: a subreddit analysis
Lea, T., Amada, N., & Jungaberle, H. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1683260 · Cited by 115
The emerging science of microdosing: A systematic review of research on low dose psychedelics (1955–2021) and recommendations for the field
Polito, V., & Liknaitzky, P. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104706 · Cited by 130
Psychedelic Microdosing: Prevalence and Subjective Effects
Cameron, L. P., Nazarian, A., & Olson, D. E. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1718250 · Cited by 110
Preliminary Report on the Effects of a Low Dose of LSD on Resting-State Amygdala Functional Connectivity
Bershad, A. K., Preller, K. H., Lee, R., Keedy, S., Wren-Jarvis, J., Bremmer, M. P., & de Wit, H. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.12.007 · Cited by 96
The therapeutic potential of microdosing psychedelics in depression
Kuypers, K. P. C. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125320950567 · Cited by 94
Psychedelic perceptions: mental health service user attitudes to psilocybin therapy
Corrigan, K., Haran, M., McCandliss, C., McManus, R., Cleary, S., Trant, R., Kelly, Y., Ledden, K., Rush, G., O’Keane, V., et al. (2022) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-021-02668-2 · Cited by 84
Repeated low doses of LSD in healthy adults: A placebo‐controlled, dose–response study
de Wit, H., Molla, H. M., Bershad, A. K., Bremmer, M. P., & Lee, R. (2022) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13143 · Cited by 85
Self-Rated Effectiveness of Microdosing With Psychedelics for Mental and Physical Health Problems Among Microdosers
Hutten, N. R. P. W., Mason, N. L., Dolder, P. C., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00672 · Cited by 77
Adults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers
Rootman, J. M., Kryskow, P., Harvey, K., Stamets, P. E., Santos-Brault, E., Kuypers, K. P. C., Polito, V., Bourzat, F., & Walsh, Z. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01811-4 · Cited by 90
Perceived outcomes of psychedelic microdosing as self-managed therapies for mental and substance use disorders
Lea, T., Amada, N. M., Jungaberle, H., Schecke, H., Scherbaum, N., & Klein, M. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05477-0 · Cited by 76
Low doses of LSD reduce broadband oscillatory power and modulate event-related potentials in healthy adults
Murray, C. H., Tare, I., Perry, C., Malina, M., Lee, R., & de Wit, H. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05991-9 · Cited by 76
Psilocybin microdosing does not affect emotion-related symptoms and processing: A preregistered field and lab-based study
Marschall, J., Fejer, G., Lempe, P., Prochazkova, L., Kuchar, M., Hajkova, K., & van Elk, M. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211050556 · Cited by 72
Sex-specific neurobiological actions of prophylactic (R,S)-ketamine, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, and (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine
Chen, B. K., Luna, V. M., LaGamma, C. T., Xu, X., Deng, S., Suckow, R. F., Cooper, T. B., Shah, A., Brachman, R. A., Mendez‐David, I., et al. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0714-z · Cited by 68
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Microdoses in Healthy Participants
Holze, F., Liechti, M. E., Hutten, N. R. P. W., Mason, N. L., Dolder, P. C., Theunissen, E. L., Duthaler, U., Feilding, A., Ramaekers, J. G., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2020) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.2057 · Cited by 65
Psychedelics as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia
Jones, S. V., & O’Kelly, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00034 · Cited by 68
Administration of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in psychedelic therapeutics and research and the study of endogenous DMT
Barker, S. A. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06065-0 · Cited by 58
Effect of psilocybin versus escitalopram on depression symptom severity in patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder: observational 6-month follow-up of a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
Erritzøe, D., Barba, T., Greenway, K. T., Murphy, R., Martell, J., Giribaldi, B., Timmermann, C., Murphy-Beiner, A., Baker-Jones, M., Nutt, D., et al. (2024) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102799 · Cited by 68
Potential safety, benefits, and influence of the placebo effect in microdosing psychedelic drugs: A systematic review
Oña, G., & Bouso, J. C. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.035 · Cited by 60
Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls
Rootman, J. M., Kiraga, M. K., Kryskow, P., Harvey, K., Stamets, P. E., Santos-Brault, E., Kuypers, K. P. C., & Walsh, Z. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14512-3 · Cited by 57
Effects of psilocybin microdosing on awe and aesthetic experiences: a preregistered field and lab-based study
van Elk, M., Fejer, G., Lempe, P., Prochazkova, L., Kuchař, M., Hájková, K., & Marschall, J. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05857-0 · Cited by 50
Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats
Kiilerich, K. F., Lorenz, J., Scharff, M. B., Speth, N., Brandt, T. G., Czurylo, J., Xiong, M., Jessen, N. S., Casado-Sainz, A., Shalgunov, V., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02280-z · Cited by 48
Subjective features of the psilocybin experience that may account for its self-administration by humans: a double-blind comparison of psilocybin and dextromethorphan
Carbonaro, T. M., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05533-9 · Cited by 56
Set and setting predict psychopathology, wellbeing and meaningfulness of psychedelic experiences: a correlational study
Borkel, L. F., Rojas‐Hernández, J., Henríquez‐Hernández, L. A., Santana, Á., & Hernández, D. J. Q. (2023) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2023.2295997 · Cited by 50
Hallucinogen use among young adults ages 19–30 in the United States: Changes from 2018 to 2021
Keyes, K. M., & Patrick, M. E. (2023) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16259 · Cited by 42
Microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy: Comparison to known cardiotoxins
Rouaud, A., Calder, A. E., & Hasler, G. (2024) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231225609 · Cited by 44
The risk of chronic psychedelic and MDMA microdosing for valvular heart disease
Tagen, M., Mantuani, D., van Heerden, L., Holstein, A., Klumpers, L. E., & Knowles, R. G. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231190865 · Cited by 46
Are psychedelics the answer to chronic pain: A review of current literature
Kooijman, N. I., Willegers, T., Reuser, A. M., Mulleners, W. M., Kramers, C., Vissers, K. C. P., & van der Wal, S. E. I. (2023) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13203 · Cited by 47
Twenty percent better with 20 micrograms? A qualitative study of psychedelic microdosing self-rapports and discussions on YouTube
Andersson, M., & Kjellgren, A. (2019) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0333-3 · Cited by 39
The difference between ‘placebo group’ and ‘placebo control’: a case study in psychedelic microdosing
Szigeti, B., Nutt, D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Erritzøe, D. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34938-7 · Cited by 38
Dosing Psychedelics and MDMA
Liechti, M. E., & Holze, F. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_270 · Cited by 37
Microdosing Psychedelics: Current Evidence From Controlled Studies
Murphy, R. J., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., & de Wit, H. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.002 · Cited by 38
Psychedelics for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Interpreting and Translating Available Evidence and Guidance for Future Research
McIntyre, R. S., Kwan, A. T. H., Mansur, R. B., Oliveira-Maia, A. J., Teopiz, K. M., Maletic, V., Suppes, T. M., Stahl, S. M., & Rosenblat, J. D. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230902 · Cited by 33
Rethinking enhancement substance use: A critical discourse studies approach
Askew, R., & Williams, L. (2020) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102994 · Cited by 30
The Viability of Microdosing Psychedelics as a Strategy to Enhance Cognition and Well-being - An Early Review
Bornemann, J. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1761573 · Cited by 24
Set and setting in microdosing: an oft-overlooked principle
Hartogsohn, I., & Petranker, R. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06249-8 · Cited by 26
Psychedelics: Science sabotaged by Social Media
Sellers, E. M., & Romach, M. K. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109426 · Cited by 22
Microdosing with psychedelics to self-medicate for ADHD symptoms in adults: a prospective naturalistic study
Haijen, E. C. H. M., Hurks, P. P. M., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2022) · Neuroscience Applied · doi:10.1016/j.nsa.2022.101012 · Cited by 20
“These answer options were chosen because most of the listed diagnoses are often reported to co-occur with ADHD (Kooij et al., 2019), or because these diagnoses were reported to be common in people who microdose (Fadiman and Korb, 2019).”
Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Low-Dose LSD for ADHD Treatment in Adults
Mueller, L., de Jesus, J. S., Schmid, Y., Müller, F., Becker, A., Klaiber, A., Straumann, I., Luethi, D., Haijen, E. C. H. M., Hurks, P. P. M., et al. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0044 · Cited by 21
Natural language signatures of psilocybin microdosing
Sanz, C., Cavanna, F., Muller, S. L., de la Fuente, L., Zamberlán, F., Palmucci, M., Janeckova, L., Kuchař, M., Carrillo, F., García, A. M., et al. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06170-0 · Cited by 19
Modulation of long-term potentiation following microdoses of LSD captured by thalamo-cortical modelling in a randomised, controlled trial
Murphy, R. J., Godfrey, K. E. M., Shaw, A. D., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., & Sumner, R. L. (2024) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-024-00844-5 · Cited by 19
Chemical Youth
Hardon, A. P. (2020) · Critical studies in risk and uncertainty · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1 · Cited by 23
Accounting for Microdosing Classic Psychedelics
Beaton, B., Copes, H., Webb, M. E., Hochstetler, A., & Hendricks, P. S. (2019) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/0022042619871008 · Cited by 13
Psychedelic medicines for mood disorders: current evidence and clinical considerations.
Sarris, J. J., Rubiano, D. P., Day, K., Coelho, N. L. G., & Perkins, D. (2022) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000759 · Cited by 12
Incremental efficacy systematic review and meta-analysis of psilocybin-for-depression RCTs
Borgogna, N. C., Owen, T., Petrovitch, D., Vaughn, J., Johnson, D. A., Pagano, L. A., Aita, S. L., & Hill, B. D. (2025) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-025-06788-w · Cited by 17
Effects of psychedelic microdosing versus conventional ADHD medication use on emotion regulation, empathy, and ADHD symptoms in adults with severe ADHD symptoms: A naturalistic prospective comparison study
Haijen, E. C. H. M., Hurks, P. P. M., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2024) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.8 · Cited by 12
Less is more? A review of psilocybin microdosing
Savides, I. A., & Outhoff, K. (2024) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811241278769 · Cited by 14
Microdosing psychedelics as cognitive and emotional enhancers.
Rifkin, B. D., Maraver, M. J., & Colzato, L. S. (2020) · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000213 · Cited by 15
Psychedelic-supportive psychotherapy: A psychotherapeutic model for, before and beyond the medicine experience
Wolfson, E. (2022) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2022.00192 · Cited by 14
The psychological processes of classic psychedelics in the treatment of depression: a systematic review protocol
Johansen, L., Liknaitzky, P., Nedeljkovic, M., Mastin-Purcell, L., & Murray, G. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-01930-7 · Cited by 11
“Microdosing is the consumption of a ‘subthreshold’ dose of a psychedelic, so that minimal acute effects of the drug are experienced [65].”
Background
Microdosing with classical psychedelics: Research trajectories and practical considerations
Wong, A., & Raz, A. (2022) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615221129115 · Cited by 10
Emerging Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies: Implications for Nursing Practice
Denis-Lalonde, D., & Estefan, A. (2020) · Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Nursing · doi:10.22374/jmhan.v4i1.40 · Cited by 11
From taboo to treatment: The emergence of psychedelics in the management of pain and opioid use disorder
Weleff, J., Nunes, J. C., Costa, G. P. A., Sofuoglu, M., MacLean, R. R., & Aquino, J. P. D. (2024) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.16045 · Cited by 12
Side effects of microdosing lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin: A systematic review of potential physiological and psychiatric outcomes
Modzelewski, S., Stankiewicz, A., Waszkiewicz, N., & Łukasiewicz, K. (2025) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110402 · Cited by 9
Regulatory Challenges of Integrating Psychedelics into Mental Health Sector
Soylemez, K. K., de Boo, E. M., & Lusher, J. M. (2025) · Psychoactives · doi:10.3390/psychoactives4020011 · Cited by 10
Cyberdelics: Virtual reality hallucinations modulate cognitive-affective processes
Brizzi, G., Pupillo, C., Rastelli, C., Greco, A., Bernardelli, L., Natale, A. F. D., Pizzoli, S. F. M., Sajno, E., Frisone, F., Lernia, D. D., et al. (2025) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/19585969.2025.2499459 · Cited by 11
Safety and tolerability of multiple sublingual microdoses of 5-MeO-DMT in adults with moderate symptoms of depression and/or anxiety: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Millón, M. B. B., Noguera, L., Bruno, D., Vita, L., Zanino, M., Kassuha, D., Ortiz, J. E., Feresin, G. E., Díaz-Dellavalle, P., Orosco, L. L., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02167-3 · Cited by 7
Perspective: Can psychedelic-assisted therapy be a promising aid in compulsive sexual behavior disorder treatment?
Wizła, M., Kraus, S. W., & Lewczuk, K. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152303 · Cited by 9
Microevidence for microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study of subjective effects, behavior, creativity, perception, cognition, and brain activityPreprint
Cavanna, F., Muller, S. L., de la Fuente, L. A., Zamberlán, F., Palmucci, M., Janeckova, L., Kuchař, M., Pallavicini, C., & Tagliazucchi, E. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470657 · Cited by 7
Trait mindfulness and personality characteristics in a microdosing ADHD sample: a naturalistic prospective survey study
Haijen, E. C. H. M., Hurks, P. P. M., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1233585 · Cited by 7
“Survey research has shown that some adults diagnosed with ADHD report using low, sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelic substances repeatedly, referred to as microdosing (MD), to self-treat their symptoms and as such to improve daily life functioning (4–7).”
Background
Psychedelics for Cancer Pain and Associated Psychological Distress: A Narrative Review of a Potential Strategy
Belitzky, E., Carvalho, L. V. R., Taylor, M. V., Naranjo-Ortiz, C., Baum, L. V. M., Fiellin, D. A., & Lustberg, M. B. (2025) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.70586 · Cited by 6
Between enhancement and risk: A critical review of psychedelic microdosing
Totomanova, I., Haijen, E. C. H. M., Hurks, P. P. M., Ramaekers, J. G., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102129 · Cited by 6
Trends in Pediatric Recreational Drug Use and Ingestions
Assaf, R. R., & Young, K. D. (2021) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2021.05.011 · Cited by 5
3,4-Methylenedioxy methamphetamine, synthetic cathinones and psychedelics: From recreational to novel psychotherapeutic drugs
López‐Arnau, R., Camarasa, J., Carbó, M., Nadal‐Gratacós, N., Puigseslloses, P., Espinosa‐Velasco, M., Urquizu, E., Escubedo, E., & Pubill, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990405 · Cited by 6
Psilocybin-assisted neurofeedback for the improvement of executive functions: a randomized semi-naturalistic-lab feasibility study
Enriquez‐Geppert, S., Krc, J., O'Higgins, F., & Lietz, M. P. (2024) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0095 · Cited by 5
Altered states of leadership: mindfulness meditation, psychedelic use, and leadership development
Simonsson, O., Stenfors, C. U. D., Goldberg, S. B., Hendricks, P. S., & Osika, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1151626 · Cited by 5
“, “microdosing”) may have an impact on productivity and other leadership-related outcomes (Webb et al., 2019; see also Johnstad, 2018; Fadiman and Korb, 2019; Hutten et al., 2019).”
Background
Can the gut-brain axis provide insight into psilocybin's therapeutic value in reducing stress?
Kit, A., Conway, K., Makarowski, S., O'Regan, G., Allen, J., Shultz, S. R., Bodnar, T. S., & Christie, B. R. (2025) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2025.100732 · Cited by 5
Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in ratsPreprint
Kiilerich, K. F., Lorenz, J., Scharff, M. B., Speth, N., Brandt, T. G., Czurylo, J., Xiong, M., Jessen, N. S., Casado-Sainz, A., Shalgunov, V., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/gy6m9 · Cited by 5
Cognitive and subjective effects of psilocybin microdosing: Results from two double-blind placebo-controlled longitudinal trials
Prochazkova, L., Marschall, J., Lippelt, D. P., Schon, N. R., Kuchař, M., & Hommel, B. (2025) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110722 · Cited by 4
Microdosing psilocybin and its effect on creativity: Lessons learned from three double-blind placebo controlled longitudinal trials
Prochazkova, L., Marschall, J., van Elk, M., Rifkin, B. D., Schon, N. R., Fiacchino, D., Fejer, G., Kuchař, M., & Hommel, B. (2025) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110732 · Cited by 9
Salience, sensemaking, and setting in psilocybin microdosing: Methodological lessons and preliminary findings of a mixed method qualitative study
Oblak, A., Hudnik, L. K., Levačić, A., Elersič, K., Pregelj, P., & Bon, J. (2024) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2024.2393690 · Cited by 5
Application of microarray patches for the transdermal administration of psychedelic drugs in micro-doses
Fandiño, O. E., Hutton, A. R. J., Zhang, C., Abbate, M. T. A., Naser, Y. A., Li, Y., Paredes, A. J., & Donnelly, R. F. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114603 · Cited by 4
N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in rodent brain: Concentrations, distribution, and recent pharmacological data
Barker, S. A. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111259 · Cited by 4
Evaluating the Potential of Microdosing 1cp‐LSD for the Treatment of Canine Anxiety: A One‐Month Case Study
Hernández‐Álvarez, E., Borkel, L. F., Rojas‐Hernández, J., Hernández, D. J. Q., García‐Serrano, I., Fernández‐Borkel, T., Zumbado, M. L., & Henríquez‐Hernández, L. A. (2025) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.70486 · Cited by 4
Microdosing Psychedelics as a Promising New Pharmacotherapeutic
Kuypers, K. P. C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62351-7_18 · Cited by 4
Microdosing psychedelics and its effect on creativity: Lessons learned from three double-blind placebo controlled longitudinal trialsPreprint
Prochazkova, L., van Elk, M., Marschall, J., Rifkin, B. D., Fejer, G., Schon, N. R., Fiacchino, D., Kuchař, M., & Hommel, B. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/emcxw · Cited by 4
Serotonergic psychedelics as potential therapeutics for post-COVID-19 syndrome (or Long COVID): A comprehensive review
Low, Z. X. B., Yong, S. J., AlRasheed, H. A., Al‐Subaie, M. F., Kaabi, N. A., Alfaresi, M. S., Albayat, H., Alotaibi, J., bshabshe, A. A. A. A., Alwashmi, A. S. S., et al. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111279 · Cited by 4
Virtuous drug use in the neoliberal age
Chatwin, C., & Alexander, R. G. (2025) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2024.2443659 · Cited by 3
Commentary on Methods for Addressing Functional Unblinding and Mechanistic Uncertainty in Clinical Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Treatments
Petrovitch, D., Victor, S. E., Schmidt, A. T., Schmitz, J. M., Meyer, T. D., Stotts, A. L., & Littlefield, A. K. (2025) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-025-00371-y · Cited by 3
Psychedelics and cognitive function: A systematic review
Cardoso, C. G., & Viana, M. D. B. (2023) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i14.44436 · Cited by 2
From Outsider to Insider: A Look at the Subculture of Microdosing
Beaton, B., & Gerber, J. (2024) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2024.2336198 · Cited by 2
Psychedelics and Headache Disorders: an Update
Im, J. J. H., & Sandoe, C. H. (2025) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-025-01446-2 · Cited by 2
Exploring a Decade of Microdosing Research: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis of Microdosing Literature
Beaton, B. (2026) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2026.2624690 · Cited by 2
Psychedelics and women’s mental health: the effects of female sex hormones on psychedelics’ efficacy and tolerability
Kuypers, K. P. C., Mason, N. L., Carlier, A., Totomanova, I., & Haijen, E. C. H. M. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03801-2 · Cited by 2
Persistent Tinnitus after Inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
Diab, H., & Malcolm, B. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1847366 · Cited by 2
Decision-Making around Psychedelics for Depression and Anxiety: a Model Based on Online Discussions
Kryszajtys, D. T., Bender, J. L., Rush, B. R., & Strıke, C. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01148-1 · Cited by 2
Psychological Antecedents to the Effects of Psychedelics on Workplace Productivity: Interview Evidence of a Naturalistic SettingPreprint
Ferenstein, G. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3910688 · Cited by 2
The emerging science of microdosing: A systematic review of research on low dose psychedelics (1955 – 2021)Preprint
Polito, V., & Liknaitzky, P. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/edhqz · Cited by 2
Evidence for tolerance in psychedelic microdosing from the self-blinding microdose trialPreprint
Baumann, S., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J., Erritzøe, D., & Szigeti, B. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/s4qhf · Cited by 2
Exploring the effects of microdosing on health behaviour change
Prochazkova, L., de Carvalho, L. L., Marrouch, N., Encantado, J., & Teixeira, P. J. (2025) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110688 · Cited by 3
Making sense of desperation for treatment in decisions to use psychedelics for depression and anxiety: A qualitative Subreddit study anticipating clinical challenges.
Kryszajtys, D. T., Strike, C., Rush, B., & Bender, J. L. (2026) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2026.02.002 · Cited by 1
Microdosing psilocybin for major depressive disorder: study protocol for a phase II double-blind placebo-controlled randomised partial crossover trial
Beidas, Z., Ragnhildstveit, A., Blackman, A., Anderson, T., Fewster, E. C., Syed, O. A., Sobolenko, V., Kanca, I. K., Jaglinska, M., Son, T., et al. (2026) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2025.10968 · Cited by 1
Microdosing psychedelics: What, why, when, and how often? Insights from an international survey of people who use psychedelics
Petranker, R., Syed, O. A., Sobolenko, V., Giacobbe, P., Kruger, D. J., Aday, J. S., Lake, S., & Lucas, P. (2026) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105459 · Cited by 1
Chemical Creativity
Hardon, A. P. (2020) · Critical studies in risk and uncertainty · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1_8 · Cited by 1
Do undergraduates’ views of psychedelics relate to the context for psychedelic use?
Petrovitch, D., Allen, J. V., Mitchell, S. M., & Littlefield, A. K. (2025) · Drug Science Policy and Law · doi:10.1177/20503245241308747 · Cited by 2

Authors: Fadiman, J., & Korb, S.
Affiliations: Sofia University (US)
College Street Women's Centre for Health Education & Counselling, Toronto Ontario, Canada
Corresponding author: Fadiman, James
Venue: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2019-03-15
Volume: 51
Issue: 2
Pages: 118-122
ISSN: 0279-1072 (ISSN-L)
2159-9777
DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1593561
OpenAlex: W2926011243
Cited by: 125
References: 3
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8
FWCI: 16.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: microdosing, psychedelics, LSD, safety, mood, depression, positive emotions, energy, work effectiveness, health habits, migraine, premenstrual syndrome, traumatic brain injury, herpes zoster, anecdotes
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Emotions, Hallucinogens, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Middle Aged, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Might Microdosing Psychedelics Be Safe and Beneficial? An Initial Exploration

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks