Menstrual patterns in adolescent Swiss girls: a longitudinal study
Abstract
Menstrual patterns were studied longitudinally in 140 adolescent Swiss girls. The mean cycle length was 32.2 (S.D. 11.24) d in the first year after menarche, and 29.9 (S.D. 7.12) d in the sixth year after menarche. The values of the mean cycle length became essentially constant from the sixth post-menarcheal year, the chronological age of 20 y and the 36th post-menarcheal cycle. No association was found between cycle length and age at menarche. The menarcheal age of mothers and that of their daughters were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.29, P less than 0.001). The most frequent cycles of 21-27 and 28-34 days constituted 64-81% of all cycles depending on post-menarcheal age. Short cycles (14-20 d), representing 2-6% of all cycles, were present in 14-31% of the girls; long cycles (35-41 d), constituting 10-16% of all cycles, occurred in 46-68% of the girls. The frequency of the long cycles tended to decrease at higher post-menarcheal ages. There were minimal changes in the duration of menstrual flow throughout the first six years after menarche. The mean duration was 5.4 (S.D. 1.72) d for the first year, and 5.1 (S.D. 1.33) d for the sixth year. The most frequent flow duration was 3-7 d, present in 88-94% of cycles. Prolonged bleeding tended to decrease with rising post-menarcheal and chronological age. The intensity of menstrual flow was mild in 11-16%, moderate in 62-78% and severe in 11-25% of the girls. The frequency of these three categories remained essentially unchanged during the first five post-menarcheal years.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Over 90% of adolescent females have 10 or more menstrual cycles per year, with an average menstrual interval of 36.5 days, 3 years after menarche.
“Legro et al. [69] found that over 90% of adolescent females have 10 or more menstrual cycles per year (average menstrual interval 36.5 days) 3 years after menarche.”
From The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence (2015) · cites this paper as [69]
In the first postmenarcheal year, 80% of cycles occur within a predictable range of 21 to 45 days.
“Nonetheless, 80% of cycles occur within a predictable range of 21 to 45 days. 65-68”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [65]
During the first few years postmenarche, cycles vary considerably.
“However, during the first few years postmenarche, cycles vary considerably. 64-66”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [65]
By the third postmenarcheal year, 95% of cycles fall into the 21 to 45 day range.
“By the third postmenarcheal year, 95% of cycles fall into this range”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [65]
Cites
VARIATION OF THE HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE THROUGH REPRODUCTIVE LIFE
TRELOAR, A. E., BOYNTON, R. E., BEHN, B. G., & BROWN, B. W. (1968) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-196801000-00019 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
The length and variability of the human menstrual cycle
Chiazze, L. (1968) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1968.03140060001001 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Pubertal development in Swiss girls.
Largo, R. H., & Prader, A. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Gynecology of Childhood and Adolescence.
(1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-69-4-854_3 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Statistical studies on menstruation;a criticism on the definition of normal menstruation.
Matsumoto, S. (1962) · Gunma Journal of Medical Sciences · Cited by 81 · see citing works
IV Correlations of menstrual traits between adolescent girls and their mothers
KANTERO, R., & Widholm, O. (1971) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016347109155078 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Modern Problems in Paediatrics
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (1954) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.29.148.578-a · Cited by 58 · see citing works
III Menstrual patterns of adolescent girls according to chronological and gynecological ages
Widholm, O., & KANTERO, R. (1971) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016347109155077 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
First menstruation and subsequent menstrual cycles of pubertal girls.
Engle, E. T., & Shelesnyak, M. C. (1934) · Human Biology · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Child Development: An International Method Study
(1960) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.35.183.520-a · Cited by 44 · see citing works
II The age of menarche in Finnish girls in 1969
KANTERO, R., & Widbolm, O. (1971) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016347109155076 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
THE REGULARITY OF EARLY MENSTRUAL CYCLES
Dewhurst, C. J., Cowell, C. A., & Barrie, L. C. (1971) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1971.tb00231.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Matsumoto, S. (1963) · Gunma Journal of Medical Sciences · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Post-menarcheal menstrual cycles in British (Newcastle upon Tyne) girls
Billewicz, W. Z., Fellowes, H. M., & Thomson, A. M. W. (1980) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014468000004201 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Features of the normal menstrual cycle
Korenman, S. G. (1977) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287397709529552 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
[The menstrual cycle in adolescents].
Carol, W. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence
Witchel, S. F., Oberfield, S., Rosenfield, R. L., Codner, E., Bonny, A., Ibáñez, L., Pena, A., Horikawa, R., Gomez-Lobo, V., Joel, D., et al. (2015) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000375530 · Cited by 3,113 · see citing works
Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Adolescence, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, & Committee on Adolescent Health Care (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2481 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Update on PCOS: consequences, challenges, and guiding treatment
Hoeger, K. M., Dokras, A., & Piltonen, T. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa839 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Gordon, C. M., Ackerman, K. E., Berga, S. L., Kaplan, J. R., Mastorakos, G. P., Misra, M., Murad, M. H., Santoro, N. F., & Warren, M. P. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-00131 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Dorn, L. D., Dahl, R. E., Woodward, H. R., & Biro, F. (2006) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads1001_3 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline
Teede, H. J., Misso, M. L., Deeks, A. A., Moran, L. J., Stuckey, B. G. A., Wong, J. L. A., Norman, R. J., Costello, M. F., & Groups, O. B. O. T. G. D. (2011) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja11.10915 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
(2015) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000001215 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Lifetime changes in the vulva and vagina
Farage, M. A., & Maïbach, H. I. (2005) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-005-0079-x · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome according to the international evidence-based guideline
Peña, A. S., Witchel, S. F., Hoeger, K. M., Oberfield, S. E., Vogiatzi, M. G., Misso, M. L., Garad, R. M., Dabadghao, P., & Teede, H. J. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01516-x · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Gordon, C. M. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp0912024 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
Carmina, E., Oberfield, S. E., & Lobo, R. A. (2010) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.008 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome throughout life
Louwers, Y. V., & Laven, J. S. E. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health · doi:10.1177/2633494120911038 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Bleeding disorders among young women: A population‐based prevalence study
Friberg, B., Örnö, A. K., Lindgren, A., & Lethagen, S. (2006) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016340500342912 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Yamamoto, K., Okazaki, A., Sakamoto, Y., & Funatsu, M. (2009) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.2114/jpa2.28.129 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Menstrual disorders in adolescence: investigation and management
Hickey, M. (2003) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmg038 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Adolescents
Haamid, F. W., Sass, A. E., & Dietrich, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2017.01.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Menstrual disorders in adolescence
Slap*, G. B. (2003) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1053/ybeog.2002.0342 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Menstrual pattern and menstrual disorders among adolescents: an update of the Italian data
Rigon, F., Sanctis, V. D., Bernasconi, S., Bianchin, L., Bona, G., Bozzola, M., Buzi, F., Radetti, G., Tatò, L., Tonini, G., et al. (2012) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1824-7288-38-38 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Prevalence and pattern of menstrual disorders among Lebanese nursing students
Karout, N., Hawai, S. M., & Altuwaijri, S. (2012) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/2012.18.4.346 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Questionnaire Study on Menstrual Disorders in Adolescent Girls in Singapore
Agarwal, A., & Annapoorna, V. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2009.02.005 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Management of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Bleeding Disorders in Adolescents
Borzutzky, C., & Jaffray, J. (2019) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5040 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Menstruation in young girls: a clinical perspective
Adams Hillard, P. (2002) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)01660-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding In Adolescents
Elmaoğulları, S., & Aycan, Z. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.0014 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Data-driven assessment of the human ovarian reserve
Kelsey, T., Anderson, R. A., Wright, P., Nelson, S. M., & Wallace, W. H. (2011) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gar059 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The FIGO ovulatory disorders classification system
Munro, M. G., Balen, A. H., Cho, S., Critchley, H., Díaz, I., Ferriani, R. A., Henry, L., Mocanu, E. V., & van der Spuy, Z. M. (2022) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.14331 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Relationship of menstrual irregularities to BMI and nutritional status in adolescent girls
Dars, S., Sayed, K., & Yousufzai, Z. (2013) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.301.3949 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Development of Ovulatory Menstrual Cycles in Adolescent Girls
Carlson, L. J., & Shaw, N. D. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2019.02.119 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Hillard, P. J. A. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1429.022 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Menstruation in Adolescents: What Do We Know? and What Do We Do with the Information?
Hillard, P. J. A. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2013.12.001 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
International evidence-based recommendations for polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
Peña, A. S., Witchel, S. F., Boivin, J., Burgert, T. S., Ee, C., Hoeger, K. M., Lujan, M. E., Mousa, A., Oberfield, S. E., Tay, C. T., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-03901-w · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Age at menarche in athletes and their mothers and sisters
Malina, R. M., Ryan, R. C., & Bonci, C. M. (1994) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014469400003432 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Association of Concussion With Abnormal Menstrual Patterns in Adolescent and Young Women
Snook, M. L., Henry, L. C., Sanfilippo, J. S., Zeleznik, A. J., & Kontos, A. P. (2017) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1140 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Menstrual knowledge and practices amongst secondary school girls in lle lfe, Nigeria
Abioye-Kuteyi, E. A. (2000) · The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health · doi:10.1177/146642400012000113 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Morphology and Physiological Changes of Genital Skin and Mucosa
Farage, M. A., & Maïbach, H. I. (2011) · Current problems in dermatology · doi:10.1159/000321042 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Menstrual patterns in the first gynecological year: a systematic review
Gunn, H. M., Tsai, M.-C., McRae, A., & Steinbeck, K. S. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2018.07.009 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Controversies in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome
Rao, P., & Bhide, P. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health · doi:10.1177/2633494120913032 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Age at menarche in Coimbra (Portugal) school girls: a note on the secular changes
Padez, C. M. P., & Rocha, M. A. (2003) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460310001592650 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Sanctis, V. D., Rigon, F., Bernasconi, S., Bianchin, L., Bona, G., Bozzola, M., Buzi, F., Sanctis, C. D., Tonini, G., Radetti, G., et al. (2019) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12098-018-2822-x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Healthy post-menarchal adolescent girls demonstrate multi-level reproductive axis immaturity
Sun, B. Z., Kangarloo, T., Adams, J. M., Sluss, P. M., Welt, C. K., Chandler, D. W., Zava, D. T., McGrath, J. A., Umbach, D. M., Hall, J. E., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-00595 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Age at menarche of schoolgirls in Maputo, Mozambique
Padez, C. M. P. (2003) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/0301446031000111401 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Ethnic Differences in the Length of the Menstrual Cycle during the Postmenarcheal Period
Harlow, S. D., Campbell, B., Lin, X., & Raz, J. A. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009316 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Criteria for Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence: Literature Review
Peña, A. S., Ethel Codner, D., & Witchel, S. F. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12081931 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Peña, A. S., Doherty, D. A., Atkinson, H. C., Hickey, M., Norman, R. J., & Hart, R. (2018) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-312968 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The FIGO Ovulatory Disorders Classification System
Munro, M. G., Balen, A. H., Cho, S., Critchley, H., Díaz, I., Ferriani, R. A., Henry, L., Mocanu, E. V., van der Spuy, Z. M., Acharya, G., et al. (2022) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deac180 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kabir, M. A., Rahman, M. M., & Khan, M. N. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277654 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Glueck, C. J., Woo, J. G., Khoury, P. R., Morrison, J. A., Daniels, S. R., & Wang, P. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.01.005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in the Adolescent
Hernández, Á., & Dietrich, J. E. (2020) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003693 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Menstruation and Menstrual Disorders
Harlow, S. D., Windham, G. C., & Paramsothy, P. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384978-6.00012-1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Age at menarche, menstrual patterns, and menstrual characteristics in Jordanian adolescent girls
Bata, M. (2012) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2012.07.009 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Recalled menarche in relation to infertility and adult weight and height
Helm, P., Münster, K., & Schmidt, L. (1995) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016349509021181 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The FIGO Ovulatory Disorders Classification System
Munro, M. G., Balen, A. H., Cho, S., Critchley, H., Díaz, I., Ferriani, R. A., Henry, L., Mocanu, E. V., & van der Spuy, Z. M. (2022) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.07.009 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Genetic and environmental factors affecting menarcheal age in Spanish women
Sánchez‐Andrés, Á. (1997) · Anthropologischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1127/anthranz/55/1997/69 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rathod, A. D., Chavan, R. P., Pajai, S., Bhagat, V. M., & Thool, P. (2015) · The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India · doi:10.1007/s13224-015-0770-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and the Management of Hyperandrogenism–Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents
Hillard, P. J. A. (2005) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2005.04.012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Menstruation in adolescents: what's normal?
Hillard, P. J. A. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Chung, J. P. W., Chan, S. S. C., Yiu, K. W., Lao, T. T.-H., & Chung, T. K. H. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents
Witchel, S. F., Roumimper, H., & Oberfield, S. E. (2016) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.01.004 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Environmental influences cause menstrual synchrony, not pheromones
Little, B. B., Guzick, D. S., Malina, R. M., & Ferreina, M. D. R. (1989) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.1310010110 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Impact on bone and neuropsychiatric outcomes
Pedreira, C. C., Maya, J., & Misra, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.953180 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Dratva, J., Zemp, E., Staedele, P., Schindler, C., Constanza, M., Gerbase, M. W., Probst-Hensch, N. M., Rochat, T., Ackermann-Liebrich, U. A., & The sapaldia-team (2007) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460701365821 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Symptoms related to menstruation in adolescent Swiss girls: a longitudinal study
Flug, D., Largo, R. H., & Prader, A. (1985) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014468500007651 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationMenstruation and Menstrual Disorders
HARLOW, S. D. (2000) · Women and Health · doi:10.1016/b978-012288145-9/50012-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents
Kabra, R., & Fisher, M. (2022) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101185 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
What is adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome?
Peña, A. S., & Metz, M. P. (2017) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.13821 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lee, S. E., Yang, J. Y., Lee, J. H., Kim, H. W., Kim, H. S., Lee, H. J., Oh, J. Y., & Sung, Y. (2013) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2013.18.3.116 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Clinical and metabolic findings in adolescent females with hyperandrogenism
Huppert, J. S., Chiodi, M., & Hillard, P. J. A. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2004.01.005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Harley, K. G., Watson, A., Robertson, S., Vitzthum, V. J., & Shea, A. A. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2024.03.005 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Menstrual Cycle Patterns and Irregularities in Hired Latinx Child Farmworkers
Varnell, R. R., Arnold, T. J., Quandt, S. A., Talton, J. W., Chen, H., Miles, C. M., Daniel, S. S., Sandberg, J. C., Anderson, K. A., & Arcury, T. A. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002065 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mohamadirizi, S., & Kordi, M. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Güdücü, N., Sidar, G., İşçi, H., Yiğiter, A. B., & Dünder, İ. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2013.04.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Peña, A. S., Witchel, S. F., Boivin, J., Burgert, T. S., Ee, C., Hoeger, K. M., Lujan, M. E., Mousa, A., Oberfield, S. E., Tay, C. T., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4689131 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hillard, P. J. A. (2002) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-200204000-00028 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Characteristics of prospectively measured vaginal bleeding among women trying to conceive
Mikolajczyk, R., Louis, G. M. B., Cooney, M., Lynch, C. D.-J., & Sundaram, R. (2009) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01074.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Endocrine check-up in adolescents and indications for referral: A guide for health care providers
Sanctis, V. D., Soliman, A. T., Fiscina, B., Elsedfy, H. H., Elalaily, R., Yassin, M. A., Skordis, N., Maio, S. D., PIACENTINI, G. L., & Kholy, M. E. (2014) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/2230-8210.145055 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Menstrual Dysfunction and Treatment Among Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease
Leroy‐Melamed, M., Katz, A. J., & Shew, M. L. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2020.08.012 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pattern of teen menstruation among secondary school girls in south east Nigeria
Nwokocha, A. R. C., Chinawa, J. M., Ubesie, A. C., Onukwuli, V. O., & Manyike, P. C. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2015-0257 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Study on relationship between obesity and menstrual disorders
Sen, L. C., Annee, I. J., Akter, N., Fatha, F., Mali, S. K., & Debnath, S. C. (2018) · Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.3329/ajmbr.v4i3.38464 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Adolescent: Normal or a Sign of an Underlying Disease?
Luiro, K., & Holopainen, E. (2021) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1739309 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Allakulov, U., Cocciolo, S., Das, B., Habib, M., Rambjer, L., & Tompsett, A. (2023) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103082 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rovner, P., Keltz, J., Allshouse, A. A., Isaac, B., Hickmon, C., Lesh, J., Chosich, J., & Santoro, N. F. (2017) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719117741377 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Thaker, R. V., Madiya, A., Chaudhari, H. D., Maru, J. D., & Baranda, S. B. (2018) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184529 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence
Joham, A. E., & Peña, A. S. (2022) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1757138 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea
Chiavaroli, V., D’Adamo, E., Diesse, L., de, T., Chiarelli, F., & Moh, A. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/17675 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Child Pornography: Legal and Medical Considerations
Berkowitz, C. D. (2009) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2009.08.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Influence of body mass index on menstrual irregularities in adolescent girls.
Barde, S., Upendra, S., & Devi, S. (2015) · International journal of medical and health sciences · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pediatric ovarian volumes measured at ultrasound after contralateral unilateral oophorectomy
Dao, K. A., Tadros, S. S., Chan, S. H., Poremski, P. M., & Squires, J. H. (2019) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-018-04336-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Follicular growth pattern in normal-cycling Brazilian adolescents
Cabral, Z. A. F., & de Medeiros, S. F. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.127 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Brink, H. V., Burgert, T. S., Barral, R., Malik, A., Gadiraju, M., & Lujan, M. E. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2024.02.004 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome: Challenges in adolescence
Oliveira, A. B. F. D., Sampaio, B., Teixeira, A., Castro-Correia, C., Fontoura, M., & Medina, J. L. (2010) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2010.04.007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
What we do and do not know about the menstrual cycle or, questions scientists could be asking
Harlow, S. D., & Ephross, S. A. (1995) · doi:10.31899/rh5.1012 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Physical Changes During Pubertal Transition
Robeva, R., & Kumanov, P. (2016) · Puberty · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32122-6_4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lucien, J. N., Ortega, M. T., Calvert, M. E., Smith, C., White, X., Rogers, H., Mosley, B., Agrawal, R., Drude, A., McGee, C. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2021.12.018 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
DiVall, S. A. (2023) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000001255 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sultana, M. S., Razon, A. H., Sarwar, M. T., & Ahmad, T. (2021) · Science Journal of Public Health · doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20210905.14 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gbogbo, S., Axame, W. K., Wuresah, I., Gbogbo, E., Klutse, P., Makam, C., Owusu, A. K., Boateng, I., Nelson, P. E., Mantey, S. O., et al. (2024) · Adolescents · doi:10.3390/adolescents4040042 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Changes in the vulva and vagina throughout life*
Farage, M. A., Maïbach, H. I., Deliveliotou, A. E., & Creatsas, G. C. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315113739-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The pattern of early menstrual cycles in Nigerian girls
Uche, G. O., Okorafor, A. E., & Okore, A. O. (1986) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014468600008221 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Strowitzki, T., & Frank‐Herrmann, P. (2007) · Gynäkologische Endokrinologie · doi:10.1007/s10304-007-0182-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rundell, K., & Panchal, B. D. (2018) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2018.07.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The FIGO Ovulatory Disorders Classification System
Munro, M. G., Balen, A. H., Ho, S. C., Critchley, H., Díaz, I., Ferriani, R. A., Henry, L., Mocanu, E. V., & van der Spuy, Z. M. (2023) · Russian Journal of Human Reproduction · doi:10.17116/repro202329011116 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Flug, D., Largo, R. H., & Prader, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- ORCID
- Largo, R.H.
- Venue
- Annals of Human Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1984-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 495-508
- ISSN
- 0301-4460 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5033
- OpenAlex
- W2034090715
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Human Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- menstrual pattern, adolescent girls, menstrual cycle length, age at menarche, menstrual flow duration, prolonged bleeding, intergenerational correlation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Menstrual Cycle, Menstruation, Switzerland
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
