Thiomalic acid/ferric chloride-based deep eutectic solvent for microextraction of chromium in natural water samples prior to FAAS analysis
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents have become interested green materials for microextraction applications. In this study, a novel deep eutectic solvent have been formed by combination of thiomalic acid and ferric chloride in ethylene glycol medium, which then used for liquid–liquid microextraction of trace chromium from water samples. The microextraction process is donated the name of deep eutectic solvent-liquid liquid microextraction (DES-LLME). The microextraction procedure was optimised by evaluating the effect of pH, amount of deep eutectic solvent and sample volume. The optimum recoveries for chromium were achieved at pH 7.0, 200 µL of deep eutectic solvents, and sample volume up to 40 mL, with limits of detection and quantification of 1.18 µg·L−1 and 3.54 µg·L−1 respectively. By validating the DES-LLME with TMDA-53.3 fortified water reference materials, the chromium recovery was 99%.
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Phenol acts as a hydrogen bond donor and iron(III) chloride acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor during formation of the deep eutectic solvent.
“The role of phenol is to act as donor for the electrons (hydrogen bond donors (HBDs)) and the iron(III) chloride is to act as hydrogen-bond acceptors (HBAs)) during formation of the deep eutectic solvents.”
From Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microextraction of Lead(II) Traces from Water and Aqueous Extracts before FAAS Measurements (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
The combination of phenol and iron(III) chloride was applied for the first time for preconcentration purposes based on the authors' survey.
“In the present work, the combination between phenol and iron(III) chloride is applied for the first time based on our survey for preconcentration purposes.”
From Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microextraction of Lead(II) Traces from Water and Aqueous Extracts before FAAS Measurements (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
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“acid [45], ethylene glycol glycerol, malonic acid, pentaerythritol, xylitol, serine, alanine and glycine”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Habila, M. A., Alabdullkarem, E. A., ALOthman, Z. A., Yilmaz, E., & Soylak, M.
- Affiliations
- King Saud University (SA)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- ALOthman, Zeid A.
- Soylak, Mustafa
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-03-23
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1825-1833
- ISSN
- 0306-7319 (ISSN-L)
- 1029-0397
- OpenAlex
- W3013850261
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- King Saud University (ISPP-0029)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Electrochemistry › Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Keywords
- deep eutectic solvents, thiomalic acid, ferric chloride, liquid-liquid microextraction, chromium determination, trace metal extraction, natural water samples, ethylene glycol, green analytical chemistry, preconcentration
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