Building Resilience in Social Workers: An Exploratory Study on the Impacts of a Mindfulness-based Intervention
Abstract
Burnout is a frequent and well-documented consequence of social work practice. The literature suggests that mindfulness-based interventions might help develop the mental states and emotional skills that are indicators of resilience. This mixed-methods, non-randomised controlled, exploratory study with 14 social workers in Canada investigated differences in social workers’ levels of stress, resilience, and burnout after a mindfulness-based intervention, compared to a waitlist group. The intervention group was also interviewed about changes in their relationships within the workplace, their perceived sense of mental health, and wellbeing. Results suggested that the mindfulness-based intervention significantly decreased the treatment group’s perceived stress compared to those on the waitlist and continued to decline for 26 weeks post-intervention. Intervention participants reported positive changes in attitudes, perspectives, behaviours, and energy in relation to their workplace relationships with peers and supervisors. Mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress and building resilience to burnout in social workers and other helping professionals hold promise, and invite further research.
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In a recent study, social workers reported significant decreases in stress and more positive relationships with peers and supervisors following mindfulness training compared to a waiting group.
“For example, in a recent study, social workers reported significant decreases in stress and more positive relationships with peers and supervisors following mindfulness training compared to a waiting group (Crowder and Sears, 2017).”
From Critical Mindfulness in Social Work: Exploring the Potential of Reflexive Self-Care in the Journey from Student to Social Worker (2022) · cites this paper as Crowder and Sears, 2017
Improved attention regulation skills may be an important protective factor against burnout in social work.
“highlighted the potential for improved attention regulation skills to be an important protective factor against burnout in social work.”
From Testing Mindfulness Mechanisms of Action on the Stress and Burnout of Social Workers (2024) · cites this paper as Crowder and Sears (2017)
There is a scarcity of studies focused on social workers, social work practice, the unique stressors it presents, and how social workers cope with this stress; with a need for high quality randomised controlled trials to inform future provision and add to the evidence base in this area.
“There is a scarcity of studies that are focused on social workers, social work practice, the unique stressors it presents and how social workers cope with this stress; with a need for high quality randomised controlled trials to inform future provision and add to the evidence base in this area (Beer et al., 2020; Crowder & Sears, 2017).”
From A randomised trial of Mindfulness-based Social Work and Self-Care with social workers (2023) · cites this paper as Crowder & Sears, 2017
The MBI is a reliable and valid measure of work-related burnout utilised in various occupational samples, including social workers.
“The MBI is a reliable and valid measure of work-related burnout utilised in various occupational samples, including social workers (Crowder & Sears, 2017).”
From A randomised trial of Mindfulness-based Social Work and Self-Care with social workers (2023) · cites this paper as Crowder & Sears, 2017
Four studies reported ethnicity; three had mostly Caucasian participants and one had mostly Chinese participants.
“Four studies detailed ethnicity information of participants, and there was an overrepresentation of Caucasian participants in three studies (Crowder and Sears 2017; Fortney et al. 2013; Geary and Rosenthal 2011) and an overrepresentation of Chinese participants in another study (Suyi et al. 2017).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Crowder and Sears 2017
In one included study, burnout was non-significant at 13-week follow-up but significant at 26-week follow-up.
“Crowder and Sears (2017) reported a non-significant finding for burnout at 13-week follow-up; however, a significant reduction in burnout was later reported at 26-week follow-up.”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Crowder and Sears 2017
Significant improvements in self-compassion were maintained at follow-ups ranging from 3 months to 26 weeks.
“Significant improvements in self-compassion were also maintained and ranged from 3-months (Suyi et al. 2017) to 26-week follow-up (Crowder and Sears 2017).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Crowder and Sears 2017
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“8,28 However, the athlete-specific relationship that we found between mindfulness practice and muscle readiness and readiness to train are novel findings in the literature.”
BackgroundLa competencia emocional como predictora de la felicidad en trabajadores sociales
Franco, M. M., Orgambídez-Ramos, A., de la Rosa, L. D., & Martínez, S. L. M. (2021) · Interdisciplinaria Revista de Psicología y Ciencias Afines · doi:10.16888/interd.2021.38.2.17 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effective Interventions to Reduce Burnout in Social Workers: A Systematic Review
Bryce, C., Povey, R. C., Oliver, M., & Cooke, R. W. I. (2024) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcae115 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kagan, M., & Melamed-Biran, L. (2023) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcad169 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Testing Mindfulness Mechanisms of Action on the Stress and Burnout of Social Workers
Maddock, A. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02353-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The finding that attention regulation had a conditional direct effect on emotional exhaustion is supported by Crowder and Sears (2017), who in a small-scale mixed methods exploratory study examining the effects of MBP participation on social workers, highlighted the potential for improved attention…”
Lipsa, J. M., Rajkumar, E., Gopi, A., & Romate, J. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1093/joccuh/uiae061 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Segev, E. (2023) · Social work in health care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2023.2165597 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Mindfulness strengthens resilience, thus helping early-career social workers in the mental health field cope and regulate their emotions and in turn increasing retention (Crowder & Sears, 2017).”
BackgroundPintado, S. (2018) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082018000200071 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Maddock, A., McGuigan, K., & McCusker, P. (2024) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2024.2325564 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…McGuigan, & McCusker, 2023, 2024); emotional exhaustion (Jiménez-Picón et al., 2021; Maddock, McGuigan, & McCusker, 2023, 2024); improve resilience (Crowder & Sears, 2017; Kinman, Grant, & Kelly, 2020; Maddock, McGuigan, & McCusker, 2023, 2024); well-being (Jiménez-Picón et al., 2021; Maddock,…”
BackgroundResilience, Entrepreneurship and ICT
Halberstadt, J., Gómez, J. M., Greyling, J., Mufeti, T. K., & Faasch, H. (2021) · CSR, sustainability, ethics & governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78941-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Prosocial Personality as a Predictor of Burnout in Spanish Social Workers
Toledano, L. B. A., & Ruiz‐Olivares, R. (2022) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcac134 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Resilience in Nursing Faculty: An Integrative Review
Jones, H. E., & Beebe, L. H. (2024) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2024.2367149 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The concept of resilience has been widely researched in many disciplines including psychology (Campbell-Sills et al., 2006, 2009; Luo et al., 2023), social work (Crowder & Sears, 2017; Stanley et al., 2021), and medicine (Brennan et al., 2019; Ferreira & Gomes, 2021).”
Burnout entre los/as profesionales del Trabajo Social en España. Estado de la cuestión.
Romero-Martín, S., Saso, C. E., & Íñiguez‐Berrozpe, T. (2020) · Trabajo Social Global-Global Social Work · doi:10.30827/tsg-gsw.v10i19.15342 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…un grupo de riesgo (Acker, 1999; Lloyd, King & Chenoweth, 2002; Barak, Nissly & Levin, 2001; Barría, 2002), apuntando como posibles causas el desequilibrio entre demandas y recursos disponibles (Crowder & Sears, 2017), o el desarrollo de la práctica profesional (Dekel & Baum, 2010), entre otras.”
BackgroundThomas, J. T., & Beecher, B. (2019) · Advances in Social Work · doi:10.18060/21589 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…following trauma (Thompson et al., 2011), improved academic performance (Shapiro, Brown, & Astin, 2008), and increased resilience among social work students (Roulston, Montgomery, Campbell, & Davidson, 2017) and professional social workers (Crowder & Sears, 2017; Kemper, Mo, & Khayat, 2015).”
BackgroundBeer, O. W. J., McInroy, L. B., Hefner, J. L., & Beer, S. (2024) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2024.2312838 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“For example, mixed-methods research undertaken with a small, healthy group of social workers ( N = 7) in Australia (Crowder & Sears, 2017) highlights the challenges of recruiting enough social workers into studies and cautions against drawing inferences from some study findings.”
InfluentialKarataş, Z., & Tüccar, E. (2024) · Journal of social service research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2024.2407606 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…who experience stress and difficulties in the psychosocial assistance process benefit from self-compassion, mindfulness or psychological resilience as well as receiving super-vision support to cope with their problems (Conversano et al., 2010; Crowder & Sears, 2017; Jay Miller et al., 2020).”
Chan, C. K. Y., & Wong, P. W. C. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14100915 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“While the evidence has suggested mindfulness-based interventions could reduce stress levels and build resilience [52] and cognitive-behavioural interventions and relaxation techniques have been effective in alleviating emotional exhaustion [53], some studies have argued that they only provided…”
BackgroundSaucedo, L. K. C., Alvarado, C. A. D. L., Alemán, J. A., & Ríos, C. O. R. (2018) · Actualidades en Psicología · doi:10.15517/ap.v32i125.32528 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Al-Janaideh, R., Speidel, R., Colasante, T., & Malti, T. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/42606 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
professional Quality of Life and its Relation to Self-Care in Mediation Professionals
Nogueiro, J., Cañas‐Lerma, A. J., Castañer, M. E. C., & Cartujo, I. B. (2022) · Social Work and Social Sciences Review · doi:10.1921/swssr.v23i1.1972 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sessions, L., Robertson, N., Jones, C. R., & Welham, A. (2024) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2024.2439267 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Observations on the Relationship between Resilience and Mindfulness
Linder, J. N., & Mancini, J. A. (2020) · Counseling and Family Therapy Scholarship Review · doi:10.53309/hagg5814 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Strengths Perspective: How Social Work Students Use Mindfulness as a Self-Care Strategy
Evans, R., Hawley-Bernardez, A., & Gibbons, G. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13040210 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Previous researchers have raised concerns due to the high impact of stress commonly reported within the helping profession of social work (Crowder and Sears 2017; Kinman et al. 2020; Stanley and Sebastine 2023; Trowbridge and Lawson 2016; Tu et al. 2022).”
BackgroundUsing Reflective Journaling in Supervision as a Means of Promoting Self-Care Practices
Collins, C. R., Sauce, H., Wafer, A., & Guzman, E. (2025) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swaf019 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Using care ethics to support staff wellbeing in social work: A conceptual model
Newcomb, M. (2025) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcaf189 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Newcomb, M. (2025) · Australian Social Work · doi:10.1080/0312407x.2025.2549989
Strengthening Professional Resilience in Social Work Practice: An Empowerment Approach
Sekgobela, T. (2026) · Journal of Human Rights and Social Work · doi:10.1007/s41134-026-00458-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Mindful nutrition, daily physical exercise, and prayer are among the important activities that help professionals stay resilient and function well (Crowder & Sears, 2017).”
InfluentialKim, J., Gray, J. A., & Johnson, H. (2021) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2020.0541 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mental Readiness for Frontline Workers in Homelessness Services in Ottawa, Canada
McDonald, J., & Hale, K. (2021) · International Journal on Homelessness · doi:10.5206/ijoh.2022.1.13720 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Li, J., Zhou, X., Shen, L., Zhao, J., & Gao, H. (2025) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/14680173251318534 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Krishnan, S., & Sethuramalingam, V. (2025) · Journal of Social Work Practice · doi:10.1080/02650533.2025.2551539 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The third study to be included was by Crowder and Sears (2017), which involved the impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on the levels of stress, resilience, and burnout.”
Romero-Martín, S., Saso, C. E., & Íñiguez‐Berrozpe, T. (2026) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2026.2680041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bruno, F., & Saucedo, L. K. C. (2019) · Perspectivas Sociales · Cited by 1 · see citing works
الیقظة العقلیة وعلاقتها بالضغوط المهنیة لدى أعضاء هیئة التدریس الجامعی
علی, د. ف. أ. و. ت. (2020) · مجلة البحث العلمى فى التربية · doi:10.21608/jsre.2020.106005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Choudhary, M. (2023) · Lloyd Business Review · doi:10.56595/lbr.v2i1.12 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Although Crowder and Sears (2017) found no statistical significance in their first 13-week follow-up, they did detect a substantial decrease in burnout at the 26-week mark.”
Burnout, resilience, and retention of child protection caseworkers
Hindman, E., Wiseman, E., & Hassmén, P. (2023) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2023.2278517 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Organizational-level mindfulness-based interventions fostered social workers’ resilience and supports the development of resilience in the workplace (Crowder & Sears, 2017).”
Exploring dog-parent guilt: Do human attachment styles play a role?
Dye, H. (2024) · Human-Animal Interactions · doi:10.1079/hai.2024.0040 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
McClure, C., Anderson, J., Jang, E. Y., Birong, G., Brunn, P., & Krier-Jenkins, A. (2022) · The Journal of College and University Student Housing · doi:10.71348/001c.138461 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“It is aligned with principles of mindfulness (Crowder & Sears, 2017) and requires engaged supervision (Stacey et al., 2017), where both enterprises are seen as integrative supports to combat the impact of work-related stress (Atkinson et al., 2017).”
Newcomb, M. (2018) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.116194
Pandya, S. P. (2022) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2022.2125986
“This supports H1 and falls in line with research suggesting that meditation training is effective in mitigating stress, burnout and building resilience for social workers (Crowder & Sears, 2017) and that smartphone meditation apps are also effective (Choo et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultأحمد, ر. ا. (2022) · Maǧallaẗ Al-H̲idmaẗ Al-Iǧtimāʿiyyaẗ · doi:10.21608/egjsw.2022.166547.1121
المغازی, ه. ط. إ., & خلیل, م. إ. أ. (2023) · المجلة المصرية للدراسات النفسية · doi:10.21608/ejcj.2023.281075
العزيز, ا. أ. ع. (2023) · مجلة البحث في التربية وعلم النفس · doi:10.21608/mathj.2023.206324.1331
Responding to Students after the Homicide of a Classmate
O'Donoghue, M. (2023) · International Journal on Social and Education Sciences · doi:10.46328/ijonses.504
الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياس الصمود الأكاديمي لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بدولة الكويت
على, ج. م., العجمي, ح. ب., حميدة, م. إ. س., نصر, ر. ع., & دغيمان, ب. م. ح. ش. (2023) · مجلة الجمعية التربوية للدراسات الاجتماعية · doi:10.21608/pjas.2023.349108
Sekgobela, T., & Budeli, N. J. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v13i6.3477
“This will require the social worker to be resilient working in this field and to build resilience among the service users (Crowder & Sears, 2017).”
BackgroundBurnout y satisfacción laboral en trabajadores/as sociales de la Región de Ñuble, Chile
Contreras, A. M. P., Marchant-Troncoso, F. A., Vera-Meza, V. E., & Larraín-Valenzuela, J. (2025) · PROSPECTIVA Revista de Trabajo Social e intervención social · doi:10.25100/prts.v0i39.13798
Aldoğan, S. N., & Cankurtaran, Ö. (2025) · OPUS Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1689589
“The prevailing assumption that learning is a function of the mind has led to criticisms that body awareness is not addressed in a systematic and practical manner in social work education (Moss, 2018; Crowder & Sears, 2017).”
Youssif, E., Alnoaim, J., Mohammed, A., & Ali, R. (2025) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87550-2_47
Self-compassion practice in social work settings
Giamportone, K. E., & Wampole, D. M. (2025) · Journal of Social Work Practice · doi:10.1080/02650533.2025.2589779
Fostering resilience and mental health wellness in college dance majors
Samal, A., Patnaik, A., Bhatnagar, T., Mishra, A., Kumari, P., & Ilyas, K. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Reviews · doi:10.31893/multirev.2025ss0426
“…to individual reports, participation in the MBSR training enhanced their ability to communicate with colleagues, superiors, and customers in a more attentive and expressive manner; increased optimism in handling challenges; and improved their physical and mental well-being (Crowder et al., 2017).”
Orock, A. N., Navrátil, P., Rasnayake, S., & Gakuba, T.-O. (2026) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2025.2608838
“One profession that experiences adverse life conditions due to the emotional demands of the job is social work (Crowder & Sears, 2017; Truter & Fouché, 2019).”
Crivoi, E. S., Alecu, L., (Gaba), D. N., Rentea, G. C., Mihai, A., Pop, O., Mustățea, A.-M., Luca, A., Manthorpe, J., & Lazăr, F. (2026) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcag010
Zangi, H. A., Lyngroth, M. B. F., & Akre, A.-G. D. (2026) · Uniped · doi:10.18261/uniped.49.1.5
Eroğlu, S. (2026) · Sosyal Guvence · doi:10.21441/sosyalguvence.1781793
- Authors
- Crowder, R., & Sears, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Crowder, Rachael
- Venue
- Australian Social Work
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-08-03
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-29
- ISSN
- 0312-407X (ISSN-L)
- 1447-0748
- OpenAlex
- W2498350540
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 8.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Australian Social Work (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Calgary Research Grants Committee
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Social Work Education and Practice
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, resilience, burnout, social workers, occupational stress, workplace relationships, well-being, mental health, helping professionals
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