The pervasiveness of 1/f scaling in speech reflects the metastable basis of cognition
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Human neural and behavioral activities have been reported to exhibit fractal dynamics known as 1/f noise, which is more aptly named 1/f scaling. Some argue that 1/f scaling is a general and pervasive property of the dynamical substrate from which cognitive functions are formed. Others argue that it is an idiosyncratic property of domain-specific processes. An experiment was conducted to investigate whether 1/f scaling pervades the intrinsic fluctuations of a spoken word. Ten participants each repeated the word bucket over 1,000 times, and fluctuations in acoustic measurements across repetitions generally followed the 1/f scaling relation, including numerous parallel yet distinct series of 1/f fluctuations. On the basis of work showing that 1/f scaling is a universal earmark of metastability, it is proposed that the observed pervasiveness of 1/f fluctuations in speech reflects the fact that cognitive functions are formed as metastable patterns of activity in brain, body, and environment.
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Autocorrelation appears ubiquitous within and between trials throughout memory, decision making, perception, language, and motor control.
“Autocorrelation appears ubiquitous within and between trials throughout memory, decision making, perception, language, and motor control (e.g., [75,76]),”
From Bayesian Brains without Probabilities (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
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Dale, R., & Kello, C. T. (2018) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2017.09.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Production and Convergence of Multiscale Clustering in Speech
Abney, D. H., Kello, C. T., & Warlaumont, A. S. (2015) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1080/10407413.2015.1068653 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kelty‐Stephen, D. G., Similton, O. D., Rabinowitz, E., & Allen, M. (2023) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1080/10407413.2023.2287752 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mangalam, M., & Kelty‐Stephen, D. G. (2024) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.109.064212 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pietruszka, M., & Olszewska, M. (2020) · European Biophysics Journal · doi:10.1007/s00249-020-01430-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Eye movement dynamics and cognitive self-organization in typical and atypical development
Mirman, D., IRWIN, J. R., & Kelty‐Stephen, D. G. (2011) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-011-9180-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Multifractal nonlinearity as a robust estimator of multiplicative cascade dynamics
Mangalam, M., Likens, A. D., & Kelty‐Stephen, D. G. (2025) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.111.034126 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Huber, S. E., Sachse, P., Mauracher, A., Marksteiner, J., Pohl, W., Weiss, E. M., & Canazei, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00272 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tylén, K., Abney, D. H., Bahrami, B., Kello, C. T., & Fusaroli, R. (2013) · Cognitive Science · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Variability and Central Tendencies in Speech Production
Whalen, D. H., & Chen, W. (2019) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2019.00049 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Laying the Foundation for Augmented Reality in Music Education
Nijs, L., & Behzadaval, B. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3427698 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to heavy tails in visual foraging
Rhodes, T., Kello, C. T., & Kerster, B. (2014) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2014.918070 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The other N: The role of repetitions and items in the design of phonetic experiments.
Winter, B. (2015) · ICPhS · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Changes in Dimensionality and Fractal Scaling Suggest Soft-Assembled Dynamics in Human EEG
Wiltshire, T. J., Euler, M. J., McKinney, T. L., & Butner, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00633 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The complexities of keeping the beat: dynamical structure in the nested behaviors of finger tapping
Coey, C. A., Hassebrock, J. A., Kloos, H., & Richardson, M. J. (2015) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-015-0842-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Critical branching neural computation
Kello, C. T., & Mayberry, M. R. (2010) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596813 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mouse tracking performance: A new approach to analyzing continuous mouse tracking data
Meyer, T., Kim, A. D., Spivey, M. J., & Yoshimi, J. (2023) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-023-02210-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Guisande, N., & Montani, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2024.1342985 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Multifractal Mice: Operationalising Dimensions of Readiness-to-hand via a Feature of Hand Movement
Bennett, D., Roudaut, A., & Metatla, O. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517601 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Martı́n, F. M. D. P. (2011) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01184.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Developing Musical Creativity Through Movement: Navigating the Musical Affordance Landscape
Nijs, L., Grinspun, N., & Fortuna, S. (2025) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2023.2299159 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Temporal Dependency and the Structure of Early Looking
Messinger, D. S., Mattson, W. I., Todd, J. T., Gangi, D. N., Myers, N. D., & Bahrick, L. E. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169458 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Patterns of interaction-dominant dynamics in individual versus collaborative memory foraging
Szary, J., Dale, R. A. C., Kello, C. T., & Rhodes, T. (2015) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-015-0731-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lira-Palma, D., González-Rosales, K., Castillo, R. D., Spencer, R., & Fresno, A. (2018) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2018/4547029 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Colley, I. D., & Dean, R. T. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216088 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Towards an ecological dynamics theory of flow in sport
Farrokh, D., Davids, K., Araújo, D., Strafford, B. W., Rumbold, J. L., & Stone, J. A. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104765 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Emergence of Intentionality
Spivey, M. J. (2013) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1080/10407413.2013.810475 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Fibonacci Life‐Chart Method (FLCM) as a foundation for Carl Jung's theory of synchronicity
Sacco, R. G. (2016) · Journal of Analytical Psychology · doi:10.1111/1468-5922.12204 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Spivey, M. J. (2020) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/12818.001.0001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Towards an informational account of interpersonal coordination
Chidichimo, E., Luppi, A. I., Mediano, P. A. M., Leong, V., Dumas, G., Canales‐Johnson, A., & Bethlehem, R. A. I. (2025) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-025-00989-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Stochastic modeling of Lévy-like human eye movements
Błażejczyk, P., & Magdziarz, M. (2021) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/5.0036491 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Effect of Context and Individual Differences in Human‐Generated Randomness
Biesaga, M., Talaga, S., & Nowak, A. K. (2021) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.13072 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A cognitive model’s view of animal cognition
D’Mello, S. K., & Franklin, S. (2011) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/czoolo/57.4.499 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
(2011) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tomashin, A., Leonardi, G. G., & Wallot, S. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24091314 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kello, C. T., Anderson, G. G., Holden, J. G., & Van Orden, G. C.
- Affiliations
- California State University, Northridge (US)
- George Mason University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kello, Christopher T.
- Venue
- Cognitive Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1217-1231
- ISSN
- 0364-0213 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-6709
- OpenAlex
- W2157067792
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0239595)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Keywords
- 1/f scaling, 1/f noise, fractal dynamics, metastability, speech, acoustic fluctuations, cognitive dynamics, brain dynamics, embodied cognition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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