The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Flavonoid-Rich Dark Chocolate Improves Endothelial Function and Increases Plasma Epicatechin Concentrations in Healthy Adults
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dark chocolate derived from the plant (Theobroma cacao) is a rich source of flavonoids. Cardioprotective effects including antioxidant properties, inhibition of platelet activity, and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been ascribed to the cocoa flavonoids. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate on endothelial function, measures of oxidative stress, blood lipids, and blood pressure in healthy adult subjects. DESIGN: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design conducted over a 2 week period in 21 healthy adult subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to daily intake of high-flavonoid (213 mg procyanidins, 46 mg epicatechin) or low-flavonoid dark chocolate bars (46 g, 1.6 oz). RESULTS: High-flavonoid chocolate consumption improved endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (mean change = 1.3 +/- 0.7%) as compared to low-flavonoid chocolate consumption (mean change = -0.96 +/- 0.5%) (p = 0.024). No significant differences were noted in the resistance to LDL oxidation, total antioxidant capacity, 8-isoprostanes, blood pressure, lipid parameters, body weight or body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. Plasma epicatechin concentrations were markedly increased at 2 weeks in the high-flavonoid group (204.4 +/- 18.5 nmol/L, p < or = 0.001) but not in the low-flavonoid group (17.5 +/- 9 nmol/L, p = 0.99). CONCLUSION: Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and is associated with an increase in plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. No changes in oxidative stress measures, lipid profiles, blood pressure, body weight or BMI were seen.
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Citations
Cites
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Libby, P., Ridker, P. M., & Maseri, A. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc0902.104353 · Cited by 7,724
Close Relation of Endothelial Function in the Human Coronary and Peripheral Circulations
Anderson, T. J., Uehata, A., Gerhard, M. D., Meredith, I. T., Knab, S., Delagrange, D., Lieberman, E. H., Ganz, P., Creager, M. A., Yeung, A. C., et al. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00327-4 · Cited by 2,033 · cited 1×
“It can be demonstrated by diminished brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) which correlates with abnormal coronary artery endothelial responsiveness [30].”
BackgroundHertog, M. G. L. (1995) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1995.00430040053006 · Cited by 1,853
The Effect of Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Joshipura, K. J., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E. B., Speizer, F. E., Colditz, G., Ascherio, A., Rosner, B., Spiegelman, D., et al. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00010 · Cited by 1,396
Adamson, G. E., Lazarus, S. A., Mitchell, A. E., Prior, R. L., Cao, G., Jacobs, P. H., Kremers, B. G., Hammerstone, J. F., Rucker, R. B., Ritter, K. A., et al. (1999) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf990317m · Cited by 404
Procyanidin content and variation in some commonly consumed foods
Hammerstone, J. F., Lazarus, S. A., & Schmitz, H. H. (2000) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/130.8.2086s · Cited by 356
Cited by
Del Rio, D., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Spencer, J. P. E., Tognolini, M., Borges, G., & Crozier, A. (2013) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4581 · Cited by 2,601
(–)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans
Schroeter, H., Heiss, C., Balzer, J., Kleinbongard, P., Keen, C. L., Hollenberg, N. K., Sies, H., Kwik-Uribe, C., Schmitz, H. H., & Kelm, M. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510168103 · Cited by 1,052
Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update
Vanhoutte, P. M., Shimokawa, H., Feletou, M., & Tang, E. H. C. (2017) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12646 · Cited by 937
Polyphenols and Human Health: Prevention of Disease and Mechanisms of Action
Vauzour, D., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Corona, G., Oruna-Concha, M. J., & Spencer, J. P. E. (2010) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu2111106 · Cited by 855
Hooper, L., Kay, C., Abdelhamid, A., Kroon, P. A., Cohn, J. S., Rimm, E. B., & Cassidy, A. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.023457 · Cited by 610
Metadata
- Authors
- Engler, M. B., Engler, M. M., Chen, C. Y., Malloy, M. J., Browne, A., Chiu, E. Y., Kwak, H.-K., Milbury, P., Paul, S. M., Blumberg, J., & Mietus-Snyder, M. L.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 197-204
- ISSN
- 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-1087
- OpenAlex
- W2169349015
- Cited by
- 469
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 12.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- The paper
- Engler, M. B., Engler, M. M., Chen, C. Y., Malloy, M. J., Browne, A., Chiu, E. Y., Kwak, H.-K., Milbury, P., Paul, S. M., Blumberg, J., & Mietus-Snyder, M. L. (2004). Flavonoid-Rich Dark Chocolate Improves Endothelial Function and Increases Plasma Epicatechin Concentrations in Healthy Adults. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2004.10719361
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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