Close Relation of Endothelial Function in the Human Coronary and Peripheral Circulations
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The relation between endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in the brachial and coronary arteries was determined in the same subjects.Background Coronary artery endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of overt atherosclerosis and is important in its pathogenesis. A noninvasive assessment of endothelial function in a peripheral conduit vessel, the brachial artery, was recently described, but the relation between brachial artery function and coronary artery vasodilator function has not been explored.Methods In 50 patients referred to the catheterization laboratory for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (mean age +/- SD 56 +/- 10 years), the coronary vasomotor response to serial intracoronary infusions of the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/liter), was studied. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was also assessed in the brachial artery by measuring the change in brachial artery diameter in response to reactive hyperemia.Results Patients with coronary artery endothelial dysfunction manifested as vasoconstriction in response to acetylcholine had significantly impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in the brachial artery compared with that of patients with normal coronary endothelial function (4.8 +/- 5.5% vs. 10.8 +/- 7.6%, p < 0.01). Patients with coronary artery disease also had an attenuated brachial artery vasodilator response compared with that of patients with angiographically smooth coronary arteries (4.5 +/- 4.6% vs. 9.7 +/- 8.1%, p < 0.02). By multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors of reduced brachial dilator responses to flow were baseline brachial artery diameter (p < 0.001), coronary endothelial dysfunction (p = 0.003), the presence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.007) and cigarette smoking (p = 0.016). The brachial artery vasodilator response to sublingual nitroglycerin was independent of coronary endothelial responses or the presence of coronary artery disease. The positive predictive value of abnormal brachial dilation ( < 3%) in predicting coronary endothelial dysfunction is 95%.Conclusions This study demonstrated a close relation between coronary artery endothelium-dependent vasomotor responses to acetylcholine and flow-mediated vasodilation in the brachial artery. This noninvasive method may become a useful surrogate in assessing the predisposition to atherosclerosis in patients with cardiac risk factors.
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Endothelial dysfunction, defined as a reduced vasodilator response to acetylcholine, is an early prognostic indicator for the onset of cardiovascular disease.
“endothelial dysfunction, which can be defined as a reduced vasodilator response to acetylcholine, is an early prognostic indicator for the onset of cardiovascular disease (168–171).”
From A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan (2021) · cites this paper as [169]
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Järvisalo, M. J., Raitakari, M., Toikka, J., Putto‐Laurila, A., Rontu, R., Laine, S., Lehtimäki, T. J., Rönnemaa, T., Viikari, J. S. A., & Raitakari, O. T. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000124725.46165.2c · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Cocoa and Chocolate in Human Health and Disease
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“Endothelial function is recognized as an important measure of cardiac risk, as impaired endothelial function has been found to predict both recurring and incident cardiovascular events (7, 34, 52, 57, 68, 209, 215, 253, 284, 285) (Fig.”
Assessment and treatment of endothelial dysfunction in humans
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Cocoa and Cardiovascular Health
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“Former smoking history, % 4 (16) 3 (13)”
Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults.
Clarkson, P., Adams, M. R., Powe, A. J., Donald, A. E., McCredie, R. J., Robinson, J. T. C., McCarthy, S., KEECH, A. C., Celermajer, D. S., & Deanfield, J. E. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118632 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
“The brachial artery dilation to flow using this technique can be blocked by infusion of N -monomethyl l -arginine (L-NMMA) (17), a specific antagonist for NO synthase, and responses correlate with invasive tests of coronary endothelial function (18).”
MethodVascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Mortality Risk in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
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Endothelial function in health and disease: new insights into the genesis of cardiovascular disease
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Alexander, M. Y., Osto, E., Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A., Shechter, M., Trifunović, D., Duncker, D. J., Aboyans, V., Bäck, M., Badimón, L., Cosentino, F., et al. (2020) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa085 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognostic implications of endothelial dysfunction
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“Some studies have addressed the relationship between coronary and peripheral endothelial function and found a weak (25) or even no correlation at all (26).”
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Exercise and the Nitric Oxide Vasodilator System
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Goodfellow, J., Bellamy, M., Ramsey, M. W., Jones, C. J. H., & LEWIS, M. J. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00548-3 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
“This artery is of a similar size to the coronary arteries, and brachial responses have been shown to correlate well with responses in the coronary circulation for a given individual (6).”
BackgroundWilkinson, I. B., Hall, I. R., MacCallum, H., Mackenzie, I. S., McEniery, C. M., van der Arend, B. J., Shu, Y.-E., Mackay, L., Webb, D. J., & Cockcroft, J. R. (2002) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/hq0102.101770 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
The animal fat paradox and meat quality
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Is Slower Early Growth Beneficial for Long-Term Cardiovascular Health?
Singhal, A., Cole, T. J., Fewtrell, M. S., Deanfield, J. E., & Lucas, A. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000118500.23649.df · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Lind, L., Fors, N., Hall, J., Marttala, K., & Stenborg, A. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000184769.22061.da · Cited by 364 · see citing works
“Waist/hip ratio 0.90 (0.075) 0.88 (0.066) 0.81 (0.042) SBP, mm Hg 150 (23) 125 (9.8) 113 (13) DBP, mm Hg 79 ( 10 ) 72 (7.2) 68 (12) Heart rate, beats/min 62 (8.7) 61 (9.0) 64 (13) Serum cholesterol, mmol/L 5.4 (1.0) 5.2 (0.74) 3.8 (0.7) LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L 3.3 (0.88) 3.1 (0.60) 2.1(0.5) HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L 1.5…”
InfluentialSympathetic activation markedly reduces endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation
Hijmering, M. L., Stroes, E. S. G., Olijhoek, J. K., Hutten, B. A., Blankestijn, P. J., & Rabelink, T. J. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01786-7 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“Reduced endothelial responses can be observed early in the course of atherogenesis (1), before structural lesions can be found (2).”
BackgroundAmar, S., Gokce, N., Morgan, S., Loukideli, M., Van Dyke, T. E., & Vita, J. A. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000078603.90302.4a · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Anderson, T. J., Elstein, E., Haber, H. E., & Charbonneau, F. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00537-9 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
“Systolic frames were used as previously validated (13).”
MethodResultEndothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease
Widmer, R. J., & Lerman, A. (2014) · Global Cardiology Science and Practice · doi:10.5339/gcsp.2014.43 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
“The reported vascular response to increased flow has been shown to be a surrogate for measuring coronary endothelial function.(74) Aside from reactive hyperemia, stimuli for measuring endothelial reactivity can include exercise, mental stress, or sympathetic nervous activation through the cold pressor test.”
BackgroundDietary modulation of endothelial function: implications for cardiovascular disease
Brown, A. A., & Hu, F. B. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.4.673 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
eNOS, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease
Huang, P. L. (2009) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2009.03.005 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
“Although each method measures responses in different vascular beds, FMD correlates with the catheterization laboratory measurements of coronary circulation responses [38].”
MethodVenous occlusion plethysmography in cardiovascular research: methodology and clinical applications
Wilkinson, I. B., & Webb, D. J. (2001) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01495.x · Cited by 355 · see citing works
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Endothelial dysfunction over the course of coronary artery disease
Gutiérrez, E., Flammer, A. J., Lerman, L. O., Elı́zaga, J., Lerman, A., & Fernández‐Avilés, F. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht351 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Gutterman, D. D., Chabowski, D. S., Kadlec, A. O., Durand, M. J., Freed, J. K., Ait‐Aissa, K., & Beyer, A. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.305364 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
“Future studies should address whether cutaneous, retinal, or mucosal arteriolar function correlates with coronary microvascular function in the same way that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) serves as a viable index of coronary conduit artery endothelial function.(63)”
BackgroundCardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatic diseases
Nurmohamed, M. T., Heslinga, M., & Kitas, G. D. (2015) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2015.112 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
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“The Journal of Physiology C© 2016 The Physiological Society function in the brachial artery has been shown to parallel that in the coronary arteries (Anderson et al. 1995), adding to its prognostic value.”
BackgroundEndothelial Function Predicts Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
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Flow-Mediated Dilation in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children
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Folic acid improves arterial endothelial function in adults with hyperhomocystinemia
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- Authors
- Anderson, T. J., Uehata, A., Gerhard, M. D., Meredith, I. T., Knab, S., Delagrange, D., Lieberman, E. H., Ganz, P., Creager, M. A., Yeung, A. C., & Selwyn, A. P.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1235-1241
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1980445357
- Cited by
- 2,033
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 25.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k04hl002566-04, 5k08hl002787-05, 5k07hl002663-02)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL02663, 1K04-HL-02566, 1K08 HL-02787)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- endothelial dysfunction, coronary artery disease, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, coronary vasodilation, acetylcholine, reactive hyperemia, cigarette smoking, nitroglycerin, atherosclerosis risk prediction, coronary artery disease screening, brachial artery diameter, vasoconstriction
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Adult, Aged, Brachial Artery, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Vessels, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Nitroglycerin, Cardiac Catheterization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Vasodilation, Vasodilator Agents
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