Neighborhood permeability and burglary rates
Abstract
This paper explores the effects of permeability on neighborhood burglary rates in Norfolk, Virginia in 1987. It is hypothesized that variation in permeability to heavily traveled throughways will be linked to variation in neighborhood burglary rates. Permeability is found to account for a significant proportion of the variance in burglary rates when structural density, socioeconomic effects, and the influence of adjacent neighborhoods are controlled.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Areas with unregulated access have more crime than areas with street layouts with more restricted access.
“According to Eck (1997) research has suggested that areas with unregulated access have more crime than areas with street layouts with more restricted access (White, 1990; Beavon 8.”
From Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): a review and modern bibliography (2005) · cites this paper as White, 1990
Cites
Draper, N. R., & Smith, H. (2005) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2005.s303 · Cited by 17,993 · see citing works
Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781439817803-12 · Cited by 9,859 · see citing works
Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094589 · Cited by 8,856 · see citing works
Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences
Kirk, R. (2013) · doi:10.4135/9781483384733 · Cited by 8,539 · see citing works
Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity
Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R. E. (1980) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471725153 · Cited by 7,297 · see citing works
Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences.
Addelman, S., & Kirk, R. E. (1969) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2283497 · Cited by 5,241 · see citing works
Bain, L. J., Draper, N. R., & Smith, H. (1967) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1266329 · Cited by 3,327 · see citing works
The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime
Blau, J. R., & Blau, P. M. (1982) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095046 · Cited by 1,500 · see citing works
Burn, O. (1982) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/0047-2352(82)90028-9 · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Sociological Methodology 1980.
Carter, L. F., & SCHUESSLER, K. F. (1981) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066948 · Cited by 904 · see citing works
The Social Construction of Communities
Pahl, R. E., & Suttles, G. D. (1972) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/588331 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
The Social Construction of Communities.
Ellis, D. P., & Suttles, G. D. (1974) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2577009 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Fear of Crime and Neighborhood Change
Skogan, W. G. (1986) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449123 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Lebanon, A., Cliff, A. D., & Ord, J. K. (1974) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2286037 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Gove, W. R., Hughes, M., & Geerken, M. R. (1985) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1985.tb00350.x · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Review of Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed.
Hays, W. L. (1983) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/021973 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Community Change and Patterns of Delinquency
Bursik, R. J., & Webb, J. (1982) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/227632 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Pearson, G., Reiss, A. J. J., & Tonry, M. (1989) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/590281 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
NEIGHBORHOOD CHANGES IN ECOLOGY AND VIOLENCE*
Taylor, R. B., & Covington, J. (1988) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00855.x · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Territoriality, defensible space and residential burglary: An environmental analysis
Brown, B. B., & Altman, I. (1983) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(83)80001-2 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Newman, O. (1980) · Society · doi:10.1007/bf02694845 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Byrne, J. M., & Sampson, R. J. (1986) · Research in criminology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8606-3 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Environmental Design, Crime, and Prevention: An Examination of Community Dynamics
Taylor, R. B., & Gottfredson, S. (1986) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449128 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Criticism and Influence Analysis in Regression
Cook, R. D., & Weisberg, S. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270724 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything
Lowman, J. D., Rengert, G. F., & Wasilchick, J. (1987) · Economic Geography · doi:10.2307/143863 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
(1980) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/geor90788 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Ecological Stability and the Dynamics of Delinquency
Bursik, R. J. (1986) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449119 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Structural Density and Criminal Victimization
Sampson, R. J. (1983) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00262.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Neighborhood Design and Crime A Test of Two Perspectives
Greenberg, S. W., & Rohe, W. M. (1984) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944368408976581 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Curran, P. J. (1989) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/0143-6228(89)90057-x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Herbert, D. T. (1982) · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Urban Dynamics and Ecological Studies of Delinquency
Bursik, R. J. (1984) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/63.2.393 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Gillis, A. R. (1974) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/53.2.306 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Davidson, R. N. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429026997 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Urban Neighborhoods: Research and Policy
Taylor, R. B. (1986) · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Components of Variation in City Crime Rates
SCHUESSLER, K. F. (1962) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.1962.9.4.03a00030 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Informal Social Control and Crime Prevention in Modern Urban Neighborhoods
Greenberg, S. W., & Rohe, W. M. (1986) · doi:10.5040/9798216990543.ch-003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Shichor, D., Decker, D. L., & O’Brien, R. M. (1980) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/0047-2352(80)90042-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
13. Area-Images and Behavior: An Alternative Perspective for Understanding Urban Crime
Carter, R. L., & HILL, K. Q. (1980) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/geor90788-020 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brantingham, P. L., & Brantingham, P. (1995) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02242925 · Cited by 1,199 · see citing works
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): a review and modern bibliography
Cozens, P. M., Saville, G., & Hillier, D. (2005) · Property Management · doi:10.1108/02637470510631483 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Roncek, D. W., & MAIER, P. A. (1991) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1991.tb01086.x · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Eck, J. E., & Weisburd, D. L. (2015) · Cited by 374 · see citing works
The physical environment of street crime: Defensible space, territoriality and incivilities
Perkins, D. D., Wandersman, A. H., Rich, R. C., & Taylor, R. B. (1993) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80213-0 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Stucky, T. D., & Ottensmann, J. R. (2009) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00174.x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Permeability and Burglary Risk: Are Cul-de-Sacs Safer?
Johnson, S. D., & BOWERS, K. J. (2009) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-009-9084-8 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Eck, J. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203166697-12 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
White-collar crime: an opportunity perspective
Benson, M. L., Simpson, S. S., Rorie, M., & Kennedy, J. P. (2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-0581 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Davies, T., & Johnson, S. D. (2014) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-014-9235-4 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
White-Collar Crime from an Opportunity Perspective
Benson, M. L., Madensen, T. D., & Eck, J. E. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09502-8_9 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
GUARDIANSHIP IN CONTEXT: IMPLICATIONS FOR BURGLARY VICTIMIZATION RISK AND PREVENTION*
Wilcox, P., Madensen, T. D., & Tillyer, M. S. (2007) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2007.00094.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Summers, L., & Johnson, S. D. (2016) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-016-9306-9 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Sohn, D.-W. (2015) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.11.023 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Kurtz, E. M., Koons‐Witt, B. A., & Taylor, R. B. (1998) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418829800093661 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
New Urbanism, Crime and the Suburbs: A Review of the Evidence
Cozens, P. M. (2008) · Urban Policy and Research · doi:10.1080/08111140802084759 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Neighborhood Planning Theory, Guidelines, and Research
Park, Y., & Rogers, G. O. (2014) · Journal of Planning Literature · doi:10.1177/0885412214549422 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Crime and the design of residential property – exploring the theoretical background ‐ Part 1
Cozens, P. M., Hillier, D., & Prescott, G. (2001) · Property Management · doi:10.1108/02637470110388235 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Danger zone: Land use and the geography of neighborhood crime
Twinam, T. (2017) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2017.05.006 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Criminology of White-Collar Crime
Simpson, S. S., & Weisburd, D. L. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09502-8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Urban Planning and Environmental Criminology: Towards a New Perspective for Safer Cities
Cozens, P. M. (2011) · Planning Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/02697459.2011.582357 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Testing Ecological Theories of Offender Spatial Decision Making Using a Discrete Choice Model
Johnson, S. D., & Summers, L. (2014) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128714540276 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Shape of Things to Come: New Urbanism, the Grid and the Cul-De-Sac
Cozens, P. M., & Hillier, D. (2008) · International Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/13563470801969962 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
ROLE OF THE STREET NETWORK IN BURGLARS' SPATIAL DECISION-MAKING
Frith, M. J., Johnson, S. D., & Fry, H. (2017) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12133 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Crime Places in Context: An Illustration of the Multilevel Nature of Hot Spot Development
Deryol, R., Wilcox, P., Logan, M. W., & WOOLDREDGE, J. D. (2016) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-015-9278-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
What makes a guardian capable? A test of guardianship in action
Hollis-Peel, M. E., & Welsh, B. C. (2012) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2012.32 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Making neighborhoods safer: Examining predictors of residents’ concerns about neighborhood safety
Pitner, R., Yu, M., & Brown, E. E. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.09.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Getting Away with the Stolen Vehicle: An Investigation of Journey-after-Crime
Lu, Y. (2003) · The Professional Geographer · doi:10.1111/0033-0124.5504002 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Armitage, R., Monchuk, L., & Rogerson, M. (2010) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10610-010-9133-8 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Permeability, space syntax, and the patterning of residential burglaries in urban China
Wu, L., Liu, X., Ye, X., Leipnik, M. R., Lee, J., & Zhu, X. (2014) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.12.001 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Armitage, R., & Monchuk, L. (2010) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2010.6 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Contrasting simulated and empirical experiments in crime prevention
Eck, J. E., & Liu, L. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-008-9059-z · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kim, Y.-A., & Hipp, J. R. (2019) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-019-09428-7 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Physical Environment and Crime and Misconduct in Kentucky Schools
Wilcox, P., Augustine, M. C., & Clayton, R. (2006) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-006-0034-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Birks, D., & Davies, T. (2017) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12163 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Taylor, B. G., Koper, C. S., & Woods, D. P. (2011) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/0734016811425858 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Relative Difference and Burglary Location
Chamberlain, A. W., & Boggess, L. N. (2016) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427816647993 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kim, Y.-A., & Hipp, J. R. (2021) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101864 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Chen, J., Liu, L., Xiao, L., Xu, C. H., & Long, D. (2020) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi9010060 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Neighborhood Walkability and Crime: Does the Relationship Vary by Crime Type?
Lee, N., & Contreras, C. (2020) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916520921843 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Community Organizing, Environmental Change, and Neighborhood Crime
Donnelly, P. G., & Kimble, C. E. (1997) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128797043004006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Brantingham, P. J., Brantingham, P. L., Song, J., & Spicer, V. (2020) · The Geojournal library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33467-3_4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Marzbali, M. H., Abdullah, A., Razak, N. B. A., & Tilaki, M. J. M. (2011) · Journal of Sustainable Development · doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n1p160 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cozens, P. M., & Love, T. (2009) · Built Environment · doi:10.2148/benv.35.3.346 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Pitner, R., & Astor, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.03.002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Review of Empirical Studies on Relationship between Street Environment and Crime
Mao, Y., Yin, L., Zeng, M., Ding, J., & Song, Y. (2021) · Journal of Planning Literature · doi:10.1177/0885412221992280 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Analyzing an Offender's Journey to Crime: A Criminal Movement Model (CriMM)
Iwanski, N., Frank, R. W., Dabbaghian, V., Reid, A. A., & Brantingham, P. L. (2011) · European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference · doi:10.1109/eisic.2011.13 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Placing the Neighborhood Accessibility–Burglary Link in Social-Structural Context
Ward, J. T., Nobles, M. R., Youstin, T. J., & Cook, C. L. (2010) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128710364804 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Facilities, opportunity, and crime: An exploratory analysis of places in two urban neighborhoods
Blair, L., Wilcox, P., & Eck, J. E. (2017) · Crime Prevention and Community Safety · doi:10.1057/s41300-016-0011-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yue, H., & Zhu, X. (2019) · Criminology & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/1748895819874868 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Groff, E. R., Taylor, R. B., Elesh, D., McGovern, J., & Johnson, L. T. (2014) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a45702 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Designing a safe walkable city
Tiwari, R. (2014) · URBAN DESIGN International · doi:10.1057/udi.2013.33 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Violence in Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Victim Injury in Robbery Incidents
Tillyer, M. S., & Tillyer, R. (2012) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2012.696127 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Highway Robbery: Testing the Impact of Interstate Highways on Robbery
McCutcheon, J. C., Weaver, G. S., Huff‐Corzine, L., Corzine, J., & Burraston, B. O. (2015) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2015.1102953 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Reynald, D. M., & Moir, E. (2018) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10610-018-9380-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Patterns in the supply and demand of urban policing at the street segment level
Davies, T., & BOWERS, K. J. (2019) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2019.1598997 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Does the mobility of foreign offenders fit the general pattern of mobility?
Daele, S. V., Beken, T. V., & Bruinsma, G. (2012) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370812440065 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Crime and Regeneration in Urban Communities: The Case of the Big Dig in Boston, Massachusetts
Robinson, J. B. (2008) · Built Environment · doi:10.2148/benv.34.1.46 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Boba, R., & Santos, R. (2008) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/palgrave.sj.8350063 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Urban Street Network Configuration and Property Crime: An Empirical Multivariate Case Study
Kefayat, E., & Thill, J. (2025) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi14050200 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Eck, J. E., Madensen, T. D., Payne, T. C., Wilcox, P., & Scherer, H. L. (2009) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Brantingham, P. J. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199747238.013.0028 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ioannidis, I., Haining, R., Ceccato, V. A., & Nascetti, A. (2024) · Cartography and Geographic Information Science · doi:10.1080/15230406.2023.2296598 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
General Multilevel Opportunity and Crime Events
Tillyer, M. S. (2014) · Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/1043986214552621 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The merging of criminology and geography into a course on spatial crime analysis
Althausen, J. D., & Mieczkowski, T. M. (2001) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511250100086181 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Rowan, Z., Appleby, S. E. H., & McGloin, J. M. (2021) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azab093 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Exploring the Dynamics of Middle-Aged and Older Adult Residents' Perceptions of Neighborhood Safety
Pitner, R., Yu, M., & Brown, E. E. (2011) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1080/01634372.2011.567322 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Examining the effect of housing density and composition on residential burglary in Wuhan, China
Yue, H., Hu, T., & Duan, L. (2022) · Journal of Housing and the Built Environment · doi:10.1007/s10901-022-09951-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Edgeways as a theoretical extension: connecting crime pattern theory and New Urbanism
Higgins, E. M., & Swartz, K. (2017) · Crime Prevention and Community Safety · doi:10.1057/s41300-017-0021-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Routine Activities, Criminal Opportunities, Crime and Crime Prevention
Wilcox, P. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.45080-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Influence of Street Network Features on Robberies Around Public Housing Communities
Kelsay, J. D., & Haberman, C. P. (2020) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128720928915 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jin, A., Li, G., Nie, Q., Chen, N., Li, B., Wen, X., & Xue, Y. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2024.105026 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
From Criminal Spheres of Familiarity to Crime Networks
Oliveira, M., Barbosa, H., Yehle, T., White, S., & de Menezes, R. P. (2015) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16112-9_22 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sun, Y., & Taplin, J. H. E. (2017) · Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science · doi:10.1177/2399808317690156 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Alabi, M. O., & Abubakar, E. (2023) · Urban Planning and Transport Research · doi:10.1080/21650020.2023.2195469 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pitner, R., Yu, M., & Brown, E. E. (2012) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-012-9085-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Michael, S. E., Saville, G., & Warren, J. W. (2012) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Vasquez, A. G., Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, A., Suh, J., & Martinez‐Cosio, M. (2020) · American Journal of Qualitative Research · doi:10.29333/ajqr/8203 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Neighborhood Disorder and Incarceration History Among Urban Substance Users
Whitaker, D. E., Graham, C. M., Furr-Holden, D., Milam, A. J., & Latimer, W. W. (2011) · Journal of Correctional Health Care · doi:10.1177/1078345811413092 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Impact of Road Networks on Crime Rates in Saudi Arabia
Algahtany, M., Kumar, L., & Barclay, E. M. (2019) · International Journal of Rural Criminology · doi:10.18061/1811/87905 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gotham, K., & Kennedy, D. (2019) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-019-00218-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Neighbourhood permeability and burglary: a case study of a city in China
Wang, Z., Lu, J., Beccarelli, P., & Yang, C. (2021) · Intelligent Buildings International · doi:10.1080/17508975.2021.1904202 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kim, S., Kim, D., & Jung, S. (2017) · Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering · doi:10.3130/jaabe.16.487 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Behzadfar, M., Abdi, F., & Mohammadi, M. (2013) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
de Vries, I., & Davies, T. (2024) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12381 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The impact of the interstate on violent crime in three southern states: do drugs play a role?
McCutcheon, J. C. (2020) · Criminal Justice Studies · doi:10.1080/1478601x.2020.1860959 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Roads Between Nodes: How Travel Paths Affect Burglary Location Choices
Ruiter, S., & Davies, T. (2025) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-025-09635-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Swai, O. A. (2013) · City Culture and Society · doi:10.1016/j.ccs.2013.06.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluation for User’s Safety Through Psychological Perception and Walkable Path Physical Design
Apritasari, Y. D. (2021) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/738/1/012061 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Examining Firearm Offenses: Social Disorganization, Proximity From Home, and Crime Type
Cwick, J., & Williams, J. H. (2024) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287241285837 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Marchment, Z., Frith, M. J., Morrison, J. F., & Gill, P. (2021) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi10110765 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Technische hulpmiddelen en doelwitselectie bij woninginbraak
Daele, S. V., Peeters, M., Vandeviver, C., Ledure, E., & der Beken, T. V. (2012) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jenion, G. W. (2003) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wyckoff, L. (2011) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
11 – The Police in the Modern Community
Gaines, L. K., & Kappeler, V. (2011) · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-3488-1.00004-7
Environmental criminology and planning: A dialogue for a new perspective on safer cities
Cozens, P. M. (2009) · eSpace (Curtin University)
Eck, J. E., Payne, T. C., Wilcox, P., Fisher, B. S., & Scherer, H. L. (2010)
The relationship between place management and physical environment in apartment crime
McCord, E. S. (2004) · CSUSB ScholarWorks (California State University, San Bernardino)
- Authors
- White, G. F.
- Affiliations
- Old Dominion University (US)
- Corresponding author
- White, Garland F.
- Venue
- Justice Quarterly
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1990-03-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-67
- ISSN
- 0741-8825 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-9109
- OpenAlex
- W1989340490
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Justice Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Keywords
- structural density, socio-economic impacts, neighborhood effects, crime rates, Norfolk, Virginia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review