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Predictors of Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies
Open accessAbstract
A systematic review of the literature on predictors of complicated grief (CG) was undertaken with the aim of clarifying the current knowledge and to inform future planning and work in CG following bereavement. Predictors of CG prior to the death include previous loss, exposure to trauma, a previous psychiatric history, attachment style, and the relationship to the deceased. Factors associated with the death include violent death, the quality of the caregiving or dying experience, close kinship relationship to the deceased, marital closeness and dependency, and lack of preparation for the death. Perceived social support played a key role after death, along with cognitive appraisals and high distress at the time of the death. Inconsistent definitions of CG and measurement tools were noted in the earlier studies reviewed. Limitations identified in the studies included use of cross-sectional designs, heterogeneous samples, high attrition, demographic differences between cases and controls, differences in length of time since death, and differences in types of death experienced. Notwithstanding these limitations, some consistent findings have emerged. Further research into conceptualizations of CG in terms of attachment theory and constructivist and cognitive-behavioral concepts of finding purpose and meaning after bereavement is warranted.
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“the pathological or chronic grief may appear complicated (Lobb et al., 2010; Wallace et al., 2020).”
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“Current estimates suggest that 10 to 20% of bereaved individuals demonstrate persistent psychiatric difficulties [2,8].”
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“PG symptoms are typically elevated when deaths are unexpected, traditional grief rituals (e.g., saying goodbye, viewing and burial of body) are absent (Castle and Phillips, 2003) , and physical social support is lacking (Lobb et al., 2010) .”
Metadata
- Authors
- Lobb, E. A., Kristjanson, L. J., Aoun, S. M., Monterosso, L., Halkett, G. K. B., & Davies, A.
- Affiliations
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Curtin University (AU)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lobb, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Death Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-08-19
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 673-698
- ISSN
- 0748-1187 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-7683
- OpenAlex
- W2047256903
- Cited by
- 611
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Death Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- ResearchOnline@ND (The University of Notre Dame) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Government
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- complicated grief, bereavement, attachment styles, trauma exposure, psychiatric history, violent death, caregiver experiences, kinship, marital intimacy, preparation for death, social support, cognitive appraisal, meaning-making, attachment theory, constructivist learning model, cognitive-behavioral model
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Attitude to Death, Mental Disorders, Grief, Humans, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Violence, Caregivers
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