Prolonged grief disorder following the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

Eisma, Maarten C.; Boelen, Paul A.; Lenferink, Lonneke I.M.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113031

Cited by 278Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthCOVID-19 and Mental HealthDeath, Funerary Practices, and Mourning

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Prolonged grief disorder following the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

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Eisma, Maarten C., Boelen, Paul A., Lenferink, Lonneke I.M.·2020·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113031PMC PMC7194880

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There is a need to give timely attention to psychological consequences due to COVID-19, but there is a reduction in availability to carry out in-person interventions, so psychological support at a distance through communication platforms has been opted for.
“In this way, the need arises to give timely attention to the psychological consequences due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, we are facing a reduction in the availability to carry out these interventions in person, so it has been opted to provide psychological support at a distance through different communication platforms (Eisma et al., 2020), that help to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19”
From A Self-Applied Multi-Component Psychological Online Intervention Based on UX, for the Prevention of Complicated Grief Disorder in the Mexican Population During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2021) · cites this paper as Eisma et al., 2020
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“Taking into account the reduction in the availability of carrying out psychological interventions, it has been selected to provide psychological support at a distance through different communication networks and platforms (Eisma et al., 2020).”
Background
Online treatment of persistent complex bereavement disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression symptoms in people who lost loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial and a controlled trial
Reitsma, L., Boelen, P. A., de Keijser, J., & Lenferink, L. I. M. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1987687 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Six Month Trajectories of COVID-19 Experiences and Associated Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Impairment in American Adults
Gallagher, M. W., Smith, L. J., Richardson, A. L., & Long, L. J. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10277-7 · Cited by 19
Commentary on: A Call to Action: Facing the Shadow Pandemic of Complicated Forms of Grief
Eisma, M. C., & Boelen, P. A. (2021) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211016227 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
An Internet-delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in adults: A multiple-baseline single-case experimental design study
Tur, C., Campos, D., Suso‐Ribera, C., Kazlauskas, E., Castilla, D., Zaragozá, I., García‐Palacios, A., & Quero, S. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100558 · Cited by 19
Online cognitive–behavioural therapy for traumatically bereaved people: study protocol for a randomised waitlist-controlled trial
Lenferink, L. I. M., de Keijser, J., Eisma, M. C., Smid, G. E., & Boelen, P. A. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035050 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Smiles behind the masks: A systematic review and narrative synthesis exploring how family members of seriously ill or dying patients are supported during infectious disease outbreaks
Bloomer, M. J., & Walshe, C. (2021) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163211029515 · Cited by 20
Virtual town halls addressing vaccine hesitancy among racial and ethnic minorities: Preliminary findings
Wagner, E. F., Langwerden, R. J., Morris, S. L., Ward‐Peterson, M., Trepka, M. J., Campa, A. L., Howard, M. M., Charles, S. C., & Garba, N. A. (2021) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2021.11.005 · Cited by 16
COVID-19 and social work in health care in Canada: What are the impacts?
Cadell, S., Ashcroft, R., Furtado, J., Adamson, K., McConnell, S. M., & Teichman, S. (2022) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2022.2104985 · Cited by 16
The complexity and embeddedness of grief at work: A social-ecological model
Fisk, G. M. (2022) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100929 · Cited by 19
Overcoming Disaster Through Critical Consciousness and Ideological Change
Sullivan, A. L. (2022) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2022.2093127 · Cited by 18
Impacto emocional en pacientes y familiares durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Un duelo diferente
Lacasta, M. A., Lacasta, M., Zarcero, M. T., López-Pérez, Y., Sanchidrián, D. C., Pérez-Manrique, T., CASADO, C., González, C. R., Rosado, L. B., Gutiérrez, N. I., et al. (2020) · Medicina Paliativa · doi:10.20986/medpal.2020.1188/2020 · Cited by 20
COVID-19 and First Responder Social Workers: An Unexpected Mental Health Storm
Davies, H., & Cheung, M. (2022) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swac007 · Cited by 20
Prolonged grief disorder prevalence in adults 65 years and over: a systematic review
Thiemann, P., Street, A. N., Heath, S. E., Quince, T. A., Kuhn, I. L., & Barclay, S. I. G. (2021) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002845 · Cited by 15
Does Post-Traumatic Growth Follow Parental Death in Adulthood? An Empirical Investigation
Qasim, K., & Carson, J. F. (2020) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222820961956 · Cited by 15
Grief of COVID-19 is a mental contagion, first family suicide in Iran
Pirnia, B., Dezhakam, H., Pirnia, K., Malekanmehr, P., & Rezaeian, M. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102340 · Cited by 14
Addressing Grief and Bereavement in Covid-19 Pandemic
Arora, S., & Bhatia, S. (2023) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.1177/10541373221145536 · Cited by 20
The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Social Stressor: Psychological and Psychiatric Risk Factors (Based on Foreign Studies)
Луковцева, З. В. (2020) · Social Psychology and Society · doi:10.17759/sps.2020110402 · Cited by 14
Understanding COVID-19 through a Complex Trauma Lens: Implications for Effective Psychosocial Responses
Alessi, E. J., Hutchison, C. A., & Kahn, S. (2021) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swab045 · Cited by 14
Rituals in Grief: Why Meaning Matters More than Numbers
Cherblanc, J., Côté, I., Mercure, C., Boever, C., & Zech, E. (2025) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2025.2471816 · Cited by 13
Prolonged Grief in Times of Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic
von Blanckenburg, P., Seifart, C., Ramaswamy, A., Berthold, D., & Volberg, C. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231182738 · Cited by 12
SARS-CoV-2 and Asbestos Exposure: Can Our Experience With Mesothelioma Patients Help Us Understand the Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 and Develop Interventions?
Granieri, A., Bonafede, M., Marinaccio, A., Iavarone, I., Marsili, D., & Franzoi, I. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584320 · Cited by 13
Grief in the COVID-19 times: Are we looking at complicated grief in the future?
Varshney, P., Prasad, G., Chandra, P. S., & Desai, G. (2021) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/0253717620985424 · Cited by 13
An evaluation of common risk factors for prolonged grief disorder using the international classification of diseases-11 criteria
Singer, J., McLean, E., Kahler, J., & Papa, A. (2021) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1998359 · Cited by 14
COVID-19 Ruptures And Disruptions on Grieving And Mourning Within an African Context: Lessons For Social Work Practice
Kgadima, N. P., & Leburu, G. E. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211070149 · Cited by 13
Bereavement during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Coping Strategies and Mental Health
Fisher, J. E., Rice, A. J., Zuleta, R. F., & Cozza, S. J. (2022) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2022.2051141 · Cited by 13
A qualitative study of nursing practitioners' experiences with COVID-19 patients dying alone in Greece
Voultsos, P. P., Tsompanian, A., Deligianni, M., Tsamadou, E., & Tsaroucha, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.981780 · Cited by 13
Investigation into Grief Experiences of the Bereaved During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Asgari, M., Ghasemzadeh, M., Alimohamadi, A., Sakhaei, S., Killikelly, C., & Nikfar, E. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231173075 · Cited by 13
Depression, Complicated Grief, and Suicide Ideation Following Bereavement During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Drucker, A. P., Levi‐Belz, Y., & Hamdan, S. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231186361 · Cited by 13
Australian specialist palliative care’s response to COVID-19: an anonymous online survey of service providers
Luckett, T., Donkor, A., Phillips, J. L., Currow, D. C., Parker, D., Lobb, E. A., & Agar, M. R. (2021) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.21037/apm-20-1760 · Cited by 12
Dying Alone during a Pandemic
Ann‐Yi, S., Azhar, A., & Bruera, E. D. (2021) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2020.0718 · Cited by 12
Grief Experience After Deaths: Comparison of Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 Causes
Shahini, N., Abbassani, S., Ghasemzadeh, M., Nikfar, E., Yazdi, A. S. H., Charkazi, A., & Derakhshanpour, F. (2022) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/23743735221089697 · Cited by 12

Global prevalence of prolonged grief disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic under standardized diagnostic frameworks: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Li, S., Qiu, L., Li, Y., Liu, X., Luo, Z., Liu, J., & Ma, X. F. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726104541 · Cited by 1
DSM-5-TR prolonged grief disorder levels after natural, COVID-19, and unnatural loss during the COVID-19 pandemic
Lenferink, L. I. M., & Boelen, P. A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100516 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
What Is Prolonged Grief Disorder and How Can Its Likelihood Be Reduced?
Waldrop, D. P., & Anderson, E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-84702-5.00066-x
Is COVID-19 loss more associated with prolonged grief disorder than other losses?
İnci̇, F., Varol, B., Kamışlı, S., Terzioğlu, C., Bağcaz, A., & Kılıç, C. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2406343 · Cited by 2
Are deaths from COVID-19 associated with higher rates of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) than deaths from other causes?
Gang, J., Falzarano, F. B., She, W. J., Winoker, H., & Prigerson, H. G. (2022) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2022.2039326 · Cited by 62

Authors: Eisma, M. C., Boelen, P. A., & Lenferink, L. I. M.
Affiliations: University of Groningen (NL)
Utrecht University (NL)
Corresponding author: Eisma, Maarten C.
ORCID: Eisma, Maarten C.
Boelen, Paul A.
Lenferink, Lonneke I.M.
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-06
Volume: 288
Pages: 113031
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113031
PMC: PMC7194880
OpenAlex: W3020226784
Cited by: 278
References: 6
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 34
FWCI: 21.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
Keywords: prolonged grief disorder, COVID-19 pandemic, bereavement, natural disasters, prevalence, online intervention, evidence-based interventions

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