Experiences of African American Parents Following Perinatal or Pediatric Death: A Literature Review
Open accessAbstract
A child's death is one of life's most difficult experiences. Little is known about the unique factors that influence the grief experience for bereaved African American parents. Through an integrative review of 10 publications, the authors describe the grief responses, outcomes, and implications for African American parents who experience the death of a child. Four themes emerged: (a) emotional response to loss; (b) factors that added to the burden of loss; (c) coping strategies; and (d) health consequences of grief. Healthcare providers, administrators, and policymakers should be sensitive to the unique needs of African American parents following a child's death.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Parents from underrepresented racial and/or ethnic backgrounds or sexual orientation in this study may have different experiences in the healthcare system, including experiences of stillbirth.
“Parents from underrepresented racial and/or ethnic backgrounds or sexual orientation in this study may have different experiences in the healthcare system, including experiences of stillbirth [e.g., (37)].”
From Parent hospital experiences following stillbirth (2026) · cites this paper as [37]
The Results section, “Factors That Added to the Burden of Loss” (page unavailable), describes negative healthcare-provider treatment reported by African American parents after perinatal losses; the review also includes a study of stillbirth. This supports the claim as an example concerning race and pregnancy loss, but the paper does not address parents’ experiences related to sexual orientation or establish the claim for other underrepresented ethnic groups. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The integrative review: updated methodology
Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2005) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x · Cited by 10,241 · see citing works
Mortality in parents after death of a child in Denmark: a nationwide follow-up study
Li, J., Precht, D. H., Mortensen, P. B., & Olsen, J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12387-2 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Living beyond loss: death in the family
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-2397 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
African Americans' Perceptions of Psychotherapy and Psychotherapists.
Thompson, V. L. S., Bazile, A., & Akbar, M. (2004) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.35.1.19 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
A Comparison of Adult Bereavement in the Death of a Spouse, Child, and Parent
Sanders, C. (1980) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/x565-hw49-chr0-fyb4 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Hospitalization for Mental Illness among Parents after the Death of a Child
Li, J., Laursen, T. M., Precht, D. H., Olsen, J., & Mortensen, P. B. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa033160 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Long-term effects of the death of a child on parents' adjustment in midlife.
Rogers, C. H., Floyd, F. J., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., & Hong, J. (2008) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.203 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Kreicbergs, U. C., Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., Onelöv, E., Henter, J., & Steineck, G. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002740 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Lannen, P. K., Wolfe, J., Prigerson, H. G., Onelov, E., & Kreicbergs, U. C. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.14.6738 · Cited by 246 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 2010; Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg, & Hong, 2008), increased health service use, increased sick leave (Lannen et al., 2008), poorer overall well-being (Rogers et al.”
BackgroundKreicbergs, U. C., Lannen, P., Onelov, E., & Wolfe, J. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.10.0743 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2009
Kochanek, K. D., Kirmeyer, S., Martin, J. A., Strobino, D. M., & Guyer, B. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3435 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Prenatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Childhood Lymphatic Leukemia
Cnattingius, S., Zack, M. M., Ekbom, A., Gunnarskog, J., Kreuger, A., Linet, M. S., & Adami, H. (1995) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/87.12.908 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
African Americans in Bereavement: Grief as a Function of Ethnicity
Laurie, A. R., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2008) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.57.2.d · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Myocardial Infarction in Parents Who Lost a Child
Li, J., Hansen, D., Mortensen, P. B., & Olsen, J. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000031569.45667.58 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Infant end-of-life care: the parents' perspective
Brosig, C. L., Pierucci, R., Kupst, M. J., & Leuthner, S. R. (2007) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211755 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Prevalence and Predictors of Parental Grief and Depression after the Death of a Child from Cancer
McCarthy, M. C., Clarke, N. E., Ting, C. L., Conroy, R., Anderson, V. A., & Heath, J. A. (2010) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2010.0037 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Cancer incidence in parents who lost a child: A nationwide study in Denmark
Li, J., Johansen, C., Hansen, D., & Olsen, J. (2002) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.10943 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Meert, K. L., Thurston, C. S., & Thomas, R. M. (2001) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00130478-200110000-00007 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The Unique Experiences of Women and Their Families After the Death of a Baby
Cacciatore, J. (2010) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981380903158078 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The Continuing Process of Parental Grief
Arnold, J. H., & Buschman, P. R. (2008) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180802215718 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Hendrickson, K. C. (2009) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951509000133 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Cancer incidence and survival following bereavement
Levav, I., Kohn, R., Iscovich, J., Abramson, J. H., Tsai, W., & Vigdorovich, D. (2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.10.1601 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Callister, L. C. (2006) · The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1097/00005237-200607000-00009 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
New understandings of parental grief: literature review.
Davies, R. (2004) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03024.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
LONG-TERM IMPACT OF SUDDEN INFANT DEATH: A 12- TO 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Dyregrov, K. (1999) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/074811899200812 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The risk of multiple sclerosis in bereaved parents
Li, J., Johansen, C., Brønnum‐Hansen, H., Stenager, E., Koch–Henriksen, N., & Olsen, J. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000113766.21896.b1 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Meaning reconstruction in the experience of parental bereavement
Braun, M. J., & Berg, D. H. (1994) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481189408252647 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Perinatal Loss in Low-Income African American Parents
Kavanaugh, K., & Hershberger, P. (2005) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1177/0884217505280000 · Cited by 98 · cited 23× · see citing works
“Several publications (Kavanaugh & Hershberger, 2005; Kavanaugh & Robertson, 1999; Patterson, 2000; Van & Meleis, 2003, 2010) shared data sets; however, each publication reported unique results and implications.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCoping With Grief After Involuntary Pregnancy Loss: Perspectives of African American Women
Van, P., & Meleis, A. I. (2003) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1177/0884217502239798 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Parents’ Experience Surrounding the Death of a Newborn Whose Birth Is at the Margin of Viability
Kavanaugh, K. L. (1997) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1997.tb01506.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A voice unheard: grandparents' grief over children who died of cancer
Nehari, M., Grebler, D., & Toren, A. (2007) · Mortality · doi:10.1080/13576270601088475 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Drug Use among Inner-City African American Women: The Process of Managing Loss
Roberts, C. (1999) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/104973299129122126 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
BREAKING THE SILENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN: HEALING AFTER PREGNANCY LOSS
Van, P. (2001) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399330120995 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
NARRATIVES OF GRIEVING AFRICAN-AMERICANS ABOUT RACISM IN THE LIVES OF DECEASED FAMILY MEMBERS
Rosenblatt, P. C., & Wallace, B. R. (2005) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180590916353 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Childbearing History and Self-Reported Well-Being in Later Life
Sudha, S., Mutran, E. J., Williams, I. C., & Suchindran, C. (2006) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027506289724 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Perspectives of African-American Women on Infant Mortality
Barnes, G. L. (2008) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981380801985457 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Recurrent Perinatal Loss: A Case Study
Kavanaugh, K. L., & Robertson, P. A. (1999) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/x65f-enlv-valg-f7ag · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Factors related to dimensions of grief intensity among African-American women after pregnancy loss.
Van, P., & Meleis, A. I. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cultural Grief Expressions Following Infant Death
York, C., & Stichler, J. F. (1985) · Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1097/00003465-198503000-00012 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Childbearing History and Self-Reported Well-Being in Later Life
Mutran, E. J., Williams, I. C., & Suchindran, C. (2014) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Willis, L. (1991) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Experience of infant death for lower income African American mothers
Foyt, M. (2007) · DigitalCommons@UNMC · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Page Edwards SV 1999 Longitudinal analysis of depression and treatment in black maternal survivors of late fetal and infant death Doctoral dissertation Retrieved from ProQuest (Accession No. 200001316)
- Palmer PH 1996 The psychosocial consequences of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) among urban African-American mothers Doctoral dissertation Retrieved from ProQuest. (Order no. 9708388)
- Patterson PR 2000 Living with grief after pregnancy loss: Perspectives of African American women Doctoral dissertation Retrieved from ProQuest (Order no. 9974785)
- Rosenblatt PC Wallace BR 2005a African American grief: Series in death, dying, and bereavement New York, NY Routledge Taylor & Francis Group
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Baschieri, A., Gordeev, V. S., Akuze, J., Kwesiga, D. K., Blencowe, H. K., Cousens, S. N., Waiswa, P., Fisker, A. B., Thysen, S. M., Rodrigues, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.09.010901 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Vig, P. S., Lim, J. Y., Lee, R. W. L., Huang, H., Tan, X. H., Lim, W. Q., Lim, M. B. X. Y., Lee, A. S. I., Chiam, M., Lim, C., et al. (2021) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-021-00831-1 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Integrative Review of Emotional Care Following Perinatal Loss
Furtado-Eraso, S., Escalada-Hernández, P., & Marín-Fernández, B. (2021) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945920954448 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Suttle, M. L., Hall, M. W., Pollack, M. M., Berg, R. A., McQuillen, P. S., Mourani, P. M., Sapru, A., Carcillo, J. A., Startup, E., Holubkov, R., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/10499091211015913 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Parent Grief 1–13 Months After Death in Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Youngblut, J. M., Brooten, D. A., Glaze, J., Promise, T., & Yoo, C. (2016) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2016.1187049 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Haward, M. F., Payot, A., Feudtner, C., & Janvier, A. (2021) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2021.151551 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Supporting the Family After the Death of a Child or Adolescent
Weaver, M. S., Nasir, A. K., Lord, B. T., Starin, A. C., Linebarger, J., Nasir, A. A., Berger‐Jenkins, E., Davis, B. E., Dworkin, P. H., Johnson, T. J., et al. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-064426 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The hegemonic role of biomedical discourses in the construction of pregnancy loss
Andipatin, M. G., Naidoo, A. D., & Roomaney, R. (2019) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2019.03.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Côté‐Arsenault, D., Denney‐Koelsch, E. M., McCoy, T. P., & Kavanaugh, K. L. (2019) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2019.151200 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Your heart keeps bleeding”: lived experiences of parents with a perinatal death in Northern Uganda
Arach, A. A. O., Kiguli, J., Nankabirwa, V., Nakasujja, N., Mukunya, D., Musaba, M. W., Napyo, A. K., Tumwine, J. K., Ndeezi, G., & Rujumba, J. (2022) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04788-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Evans, N. M., Hsu, Y.-L., Kabasele, C. M., Kirkland, C., Pantuso, D., & Hicks, S. (2022) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/00957984221127833 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
When dreams die: parental experience after child death
Pelarak, F., Azizi, S., Merdasi, E., Tarashoki, E. B., Madmoli, Y., & Sadeghi, N. (2019) · International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine · doi:10.47552/ijam.v10i2.1273 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Online Support Groups for Perinatal Loss: A Pilot Feasibility Study for Women of Color
Gold, K. J., Boggs, M. E., Plegue, M. A., & Andalibi, N. (2022) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2021.0304 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Arach, A. A. O., Nakasujja, N., Rujumba, J., Mukunya, D., Odongkara, B. M., Musaba, M. W., Napyo, A. K., Tumwine, J. K., Nankabirwa, V., Ndeezi, G., et al. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05550-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The mother’s risk of premature death after child loss across two centuries
Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., Lu, D., Lund, S. H., Fall, K., Fang, F., Kristjánsson, Þ., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Helgason, A., & Stefánsson, K. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.43476 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kwesiga, D. K., Wanduru, P., Eriksson, L., Målqvist, M., Waiswa, P., & Blencowe, H. K. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16519-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Still Caring for the Family”: Condolence Expression Training for Pediatric Residents
Porter, A. S., Weaver, M. S., Snaman, J. M., Li, C., Lu, Z., Baker, J. N., & Kaye, E. C. (2021) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.05.019 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
García, R., Ali, N., Griffiths, M., & Randhawa, G. (2020) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2020.102833 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Experiences of African American Mothers Following the Death of Their Infants
Jones, K. W., McAlister, B. S., Haas, B. K., & Duke, G. (2021) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2021.09.004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Henry, C. J., Kelly, U. A., Dunlop, A. L., Paul, S., Chandler, R. D., Christiansen‐Lindquist, L., & Song, M. (2023) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.13576 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Perinatal Bereavement Among Mothers in Bolivia: A Qualitative Study
Cox, C. E. F., Ortiz, M. F. C., Lara, T., Schulmeyer, M. K., & Fernández‐Alcántara, M. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13060615 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bennett, R., & Proudfoot, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0000000000000278 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Perinatal Bereavement in Racially, Culturally, and Gender Diverse Families
Nurse-Clarke, N., Freedle, A., Bindeman, J., Jarvis, J., & Sember, J. (2024) · MCN: The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000000983 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Multimodal large language models for women’s reproductive mental health
AlSaad, R., Youssef, A., Kashani, S., Alabdulla, M., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Khaled, S. M., Ahmed, A., & Sheikh, J. I. (2025) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-025-01633-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stanhope, K. K., Temple, J. R., Christiansen‐Lindquist, L., Dudley, D. J., Stoll, B. J., Varner, M. W., & HOGUE, C. J. R. (2024) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-023-03894-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lopes, B. G., Martins, A. R., Carletto, M. R., & Borges, P. K. D. O. (2019) · Revista Stricto Sensu · doi:10.24222/2525-3395.2019v4n2p029 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fisher, R. S., Dattilo, T. M., DeLone, A. M., Basile, N. L., Kenney, A. E., Hill, K. N., Chang, H.-F., Gerhardt, C. A., & Mullins, L. L. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsae008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Boakye, P. N., Prendergast, N., Obewu, O. A. T., & Mugambi, D. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/08445621251320570 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
EFEITOS DA SATISFAÇÃO CONJUGAL E DA UTILIDADE DE RITUAIS NA VIVÊNCIA DO LUTO NO ABORTAMENTO
de Oliveira, C. M., Silva, A. D., Costa, M. E., Martins, M. V., & Ramalho, C. M. A. (2022) · Cogitare Enfermagem · doi:10.5380/ce.v27i0.82691 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Buzelli, P., & Snaman, J. M. (2023) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2023.2297074 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Exploration of Black Couples’ Experience with Perinatal Loss
Simonson, C., Mann, T., & Ko, M.-J. (2024) · Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/15332691.2024.2430790 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
African American Culture and Perinatal Loss
Owens, D., & Denney‐Koelsch, E. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47203-9_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Henner, N., Wojnar, D., & Denney‐Koelsch, E. M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34751-2_16 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Parent hospital experiences following stillbirth
Kremkow, J. M. D., & Lamberson, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1706931
“Parents from underrepresented racial and/or ethnic backgrounds or sexual orientation in this study may have different experiences in the healthcare system, including experiences of stillbirth [e.g., (37)].”
Atención de enfermería ante la muerte del niño en el P.M.C: Experiencias del cuidador primario
Gamboa, A., & Katherine, D. (2020)
Ready to Meet God? Faithfulness and the Death of a Loved One
Krull, D. S. (2021) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211014780
EFFECTS OF MARITAL SATISFACTION AND RITUAL UTILITY ON BEREAVEMENT EXPERIENCE IN ABORTION
de Oliveira, C. M., Silva, A. D., Ramalho, C. M. A., Costa, M. E., & Martins, M. V. (2022) · Cogitare Enfermagem · doi:10.5380/ce.v27i0.87853
EFECTOS DE LA SATISFACCIÓN MARITAL Y LA UTILIDAD RITUAL EN LA EXPERIENCIA DE AFLICCIÓN EN EL ABORTO
de Oliveira, C. M., Silva, A. D., Ramalho, C. M. A., Costa, M. E., & Martins, M. V. (2022) · Cogitare Enfermagem · doi:10.5380/ce.v27i0.87854
Reconciling cultural conflicts: Asian American parent responses to perinatal loss
Jan, B., & Denney‐Koelsch, E. M. (2025) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2025.2580240
Vig, P. S., Lim, J. Y., Lee, R. W. L., Huang, H., Tan, X. H., Lim, W. Q., Lim, M. B. X. Y., Lee, A. S. I., Chiam, M., Lim, C., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16570961
Vig, P. S., Lim, J. Y., Lee, R. W. L., Huang, H., Tan, X. H., Lim, W. Q., Lim, M. B. X. Y., Lee, A. S. I., Chiam, M., Lim, C., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16570955
Boakye, P. N., Prendergast, N., Desta, F., Obewu, O. A. T., & Mugambi, D. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/08445621251409460
- Authors
- Boyden, J. Y., Kavanaugh, K., Issel, L. M., Eldeirawi, K., & Meert, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boyden, Jackelyn Y.
- Venue
- Death Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 374-380
- ISSN
- 0748-1187 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-7683
- PMC
- PMC3994462
- OpenAlex
- W2087110922
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Death Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research (P30NR010680)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Keywords
- African American parents, child death, bereavement, grief, perinatal death, child mortality, coping strategies, emotional response to loss
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Attitude to Death, Attitude to Health, Bereavement, Black or African American, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Stillbirth, Perinatal Death
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
