The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development and Validation of a Short Form of the Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS)—Brief Version
Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of a short version of the Index of Race-Related Stress—Brief Version (IRRS-B). The IRRS-B is a 22-item, multidimensional measure of the race-related stress experienced by African Americans as a result of their encounters with racism.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The IRRS-B was developed with a POC sample (ie, Black individuals), showing adequate reliability (α=.78) for both cultural and individual subscales and acceptable reliability (α=.69) for the institutional subscale.”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 20,015
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Mueller, C. W., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1994) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074955 · Cited by 14,211
A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047358 · Cited by 8,686
A Collective Self-Esteem Scale: Self-Evaluation of One’s Social Identity
Luhtanen, R., & Crocker, J. (1992) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167292183006 · Cited by 3,057
Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models.
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Alstine, J. V., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430 · Cited by 2,927
Bagozzi, R. P., & Heatherton, T. F. (1994) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519409539961 · Cited by 1,477
Racial discrimination and blood pressure: the CARDIA Study of young black and white adults
Krieger, N., & Sidney, S. (1996) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.86.10.1370 · Cited by 1,296
Jones, J. M. (1972) · Cited by 644
Racial Discrimination, Coping, Life Satisfaction, and Self‐Esteem Among African Americans
Utsey, S. O., Ponterotto, J. G., Reynolds, A. L., & Cancelli, A. A. (2000) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02562.x · Cited by 479
Self-citationDevelopment and validation of the Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS).
Utsey, S. O., & Ponterotto, J. G. (1996) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.490 · Cited by 377
Self-citationAn Inventory to Measure Cultural Mistrust among Blacks.
Terrell, F., & Terrell, S. L. (1981) · The Western journal of black studies · Cited by 324
McNeilly, M., Anderson, N. B., Armstead, C. A., Clark, R., Corbett, M., Robinson, E. L., Pieper, C. F., & Lepisto, E. M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 280
Dawis, R. V. (1987) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.34.4.481 · Cited by 233
Assessing the Stressful Effects of Racism: A Review of Instrumentation
Utsey, S. O. (1998) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/00957984980243001 · Cited by 181
Self-citationRacism as a Cause of Depression
Fernando, S. (1984) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076408403000107 · Cited by 163
Lix and Rix: Variations on a Little-Known Readability Index.
Anderson, J. (1983) · The Journal of Reading · Cited by 160
Racism and Prejudice as Negative Impacts on African American Clients in Therapy
Priest, R. (1991) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1991.tb01586.x · Cited by 89
Managing Racial Anger: A Critical Skill in Cultural Competence
Abernethy, A. D. (1995) · Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development · doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.1995.tb00603.x · Cited by 17
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Anderson J., 1983, Journal of Reading, 26, 490
- Essed P., 1990, Everday racism: Reports from women of two cultures.
- Jöreskog K. G., 1989, LISREL VII: User's reference guide.
- McNeilly M. D., 1996, Ethnicity and Disease, 6, 154
- Terrell F., 1981, Western Journal of Black Studies, 5, 180
- Walsh W. B., 1995, Test and assessment
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., Gupta, A., Kelaher, M., & Gee, G. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138511 · Cited by 2,610
“, the extent to which racial discrimination was stressful/upsetting, as measured for example by the Index of Race-Related Stress—Brief Version (IRRS-B); [47] or by the Racism Experiences Stress Scale (EXP-STR); [48]), and other exposures relating racism to health within the same instrument, or combining racism with re…”
BackgroundA systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health
Paradies, Y. (2006) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyl056 · Cited by 1,681
Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury: Recognizing and Assessing Race-Based Traumatic Stress
Carter, R. T. (2007) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000006292033 · Cited by 1,316
Priest, N., Paradies, Y., Trenerry, B., Truong, M., Karlsen, S., & Kelly, Y. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.031 · Cited by 877
Gee, G. C., Ro, A. E., Shariff‐Marco, S., & Chae, D. H. (2009) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxp009 · Cited by 498
Metadata
- Authors
- Utsey, S. O.
- Affiliations
- Seton Hall University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Utsey, Shawn O.
- ORCID
- Utsey, Shawn O.
- Venue
- Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-10-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 149-167
- ISSN
- 0748-1756 (ISSN-L)
- 1947-6302
- OpenAlex
- W204711149
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Keywords
- racial stress, African Americans, racism, stress measurement, scale development, psychometric validation, brief scale
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
