Apoptosis in myocardial infarction
Open accessAbstract
Apoptosis, one of the major forms of cell death, has been implicated in different cardiovascular diseases. In this paper we review many of the different studies that have been performed to address the occurrence of apoptotic cell death associated with myocardial infarction. A definitive differentiation between apoptosis and other forms of cell death is still needed, mainly because of differences and limitations of the methods used for detection. In myocardial infarction apoptosis has been reported at acute stages of evolution in the ischemic area as well as in remote zones. In the ischemic area it might be a determinant of the final size of the infarct and it seems to depend on the presence of post-ischemic reperfusion. However, the incidence of apoptosis reported until now varies widely. In the myocardium remote from the ischemic area it might be associated with the progression towards heart failure. At present, the role and significance of apoptosis in myocardial infarction is rather inconclusive. Further studies are needed to solve methodological uncertainties and clarify the mechanisms involved in the process of cell death, which is particularly important as a basis for therapeutic interventions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Myocyte apoptosis has been suggested to be an important etiological component of heart failure, particularly in the transition from compensatory remodeling to heart failure, although this concept has been somewhat contentious.
“Myocyte apoptosis has been suggested to be an important etiological component of heart failure, particularly in the transition from compensatory remodeling to heart failure (112), although this concept has been somewhat contentious (95, 189, 295, 301).”
From Cardiac remodeling in obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [301]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics
Kerr, J. F. R., Wyllie, A. H., & Currie, A. R. (1972) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1972.33 · Cited by 15,673 · see citing works
Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation.
Gavrieli, Y., Sherman, Y., & Ben-Sasson, S. A. (1992) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.119.3.493 · Cited by 9,444 · see citing works
p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division
Levine, A. J. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81871-1 · Cited by 7,693 · see citing works
Thornberry, N. A., & Lazebnik, Y. A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5381.1312 · Cited by 6,857 · see citing works
Death Receptors: Signaling and Modulation
Ashkenazi, A., & Dixit, V. M. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5381.1305 · Cited by 5,866 · see citing works
The Bcl-2 Protein Family: Arbiters of Cell Survival
Adams, J. M., & Cory, S. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5381.1322 · Cited by 5,303 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation
Wyllie, A. H. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/284555a0 · Cited by 4,549 · see citing works
Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death.
Majno, G., & Joris, I. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 3,328 · see citing works
Two CD95 (APO‐1/Fas) signaling pathways
Scaffidi, C., Fulda, S., Srinivasan, A., Friesen, C., Li, F., Tomaselli, K. J., Debatin, K., Krammer, P. H., & Peter, M. E. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.6.1675 · Cited by 3,000 · see citing works
Pfeffer, M. A., & Braunwald, E. (1990) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.81.4.1161 · Cited by 2,874 · see citing works
IAP family proteins---suppressors of apoptosisPreprint
Deveraux, Q. L., & Reed, J. C. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.3.239 · Cited by 2,535 · see citing works
Nicholson, D. W., & Thornberry, N. A. (1997) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(97)01085-2 · Cited by 2,430 · see citing works
Human ICE/CED-3 Protease Nomenclature
Alnemri, E. S., Livingston, D. J., Nicholson, D. W., Salvesen, G. S., Thornberry, N. A., Wong, W. W., & Yuan, J. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81334-3 · Cited by 2,371 · see citing works
Mitochondria as the central control point of apoptosis
Desagher, S., & Martinou, J. (2000) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(00)01803-1 · Cited by 1,915 · see citing works
Leist, M., Single, B., Castoldi, A. F., Kühnle, S., & Nicotera, P. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.185.8.1481 · Cited by 1,871 · see citing works
Caspase structure, proteolytic substrates, and function during apoptotic cell death
Nicholson, D. (1999) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400598 · Cited by 1,540 · see citing works
Reperfusion injury induces apoptosis in rabbit cardiomyocytes.
Gottlieb, R. A., Burleson, K. O., Kloner, R. A., Babior, B., & Engler, R. L. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117504 · Cited by 1,442 · see citing works
Apoptosis in Myocytes in End-Stage Heart Failure
Narula, J., Haider, N., Virmani, R., DiSalvo, T. G., Kolodgie, F. D., Hajjar, R. J., Schmidt, U., Semigran, M. J., Dec, G. W., & Khaw, B.-A. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199610173351603 · Cited by 1,430 · see citing works
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR AND Fas SIGNALING MECHANISMS
Wallach, D., Varfolomeev, E. E., Malinin, N. L., Goltsev, Y. V., Kovalenko, A. V., & Boldin, M. (1999) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.331 · Cited by 1,299 · see citing works
tBID, a membrane-targeted death ligand, oligomerizes BAK to release cytochrome cPreprint
Wei, M. C., Lindsten, T., Mootha, V. K., Weiler, S., Gross, A., Ashiya, M., Thompson, C. B., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (2000) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.14.16.2060 · Cited by 1,265 · see citing works
Kajstura, J., Cheng, W. N., Krzysztof Reiss, F., CLARK, W. A., Sonnenblick, E. H., Krajewski, S., Reed, J., Olivetti, G., & Anversa, P. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 1,039 · see citing works
Apoptosis in human acute myocardial infarction.
Saraste, A., Pulkki, K., Kallajoki, M., Henriksen, K., Parvinen, M., & Voipio-Pulkki, L.-M. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.2.320 · Cited by 825 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Several studies failed to ®nd apoptosis in the myocardium remote from the ischemic area in the early stages of myocardial infarction (57, 58, 79).”
BackgroundApoptosis in Ischemic and Reperfused Rat Myocardium
Fliss, H., & Gattinger, D. A. (1996) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.79.5.949 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Release of Caspase-2 and -9 during the Apoptotic Process
Susín, S. A., Lorenzo, H. K., Zamzami, N., Marzo, I., Brenner, C., Larochette, N., Prévost, M., Alzari, P. M., & Kroemer, G. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.189.2.381 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Gaudron, P., Eilles, C., Kugler, I., & Ertl, G. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.87.3.755 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Mechanisms of p53-dependent apoptosis
Schuler, M., & Green, D. R. (2001) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0290684 · Cited by 641 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although the mechanisms remain unclear p53-induced apoptosis involves activation of caspases (28).”
BackgroundAttenuation of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by a Caspase Inhibitor
Yaoita, H., Ogawa, K., Maehara, K., & Maruyama, Y. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.3.276 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Mechanisms of p53-dependent apoptosis
Schüler, M., & Green, D. R. (2001) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290684 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Olivetti, G. (1996) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.1996.0193 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Li, Q., Li, B., Wang, X., Leri, A., Jana, K. P., Liu, Y., Kajstura, J., Baserga, R., & Anversa, P. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119730 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Necrosis and apoptosis: distinct modes of cell death with fundamentally different significance.
Searle, J., Kerr, J. F. R., & Bishop, C. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Saleh, A., Srinivasula, S. M., Acharya, S., Fishel, R. A., & Alnemri, E. S. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17941 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Fundamentals of Reperfusion Injury for the Clinical Cardiologist
Verma, S., Fedak, P. W. M., Weisel, R. D., BUTANY, J. W., Rao, V., Maitland, A. M., Li, R., Dhillon, B., & Yau, T. M. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000016602.96363.36 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Evidence of Apoptosis in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Mallat, Z., Tedgui, A., Fontaliran, F., Frank, R., Durigon, M., & Fontaine, G. H. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199610173351604 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Mancini, M., Nicholson, D. W., Roy, S., Thornberry, N. A., Peterson, E. P., Casciola-Rosen, L. A., & Rosen, A. (1998) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.140.6.1485 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Reperfusion injury: a review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and therapeutic options
Maxwell, S. R. J., & Lip, G. Y. H. (1997) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(96)02854-9 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Buerke, M., Murohara, T., Skurk, C., Nuss, C., Tomaselli, K. J., & Lefer, A. M. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.17.8031 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
The domains of death: evolution of the apoptosis machinery
Aravind, L., Dixit, V. M., & Koonin, E. V. (1999) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(98)01341-3 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Bialik, S., Geenen, D. L., Sasson, I. E., Cheng, R., Horner, J. W., Evans, S. M., Lord, E. M., Koch, C. J., & Kitsis, R. N. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119656 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Elsässer, A., Schlepper, M., Klövekorn, W., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.9.2920 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Srinivasula, S. M., Datta, P., Fan, X., Fernandes‐Alnemri, T., Huang, Z., & Alnemri, E. S. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c000533200 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Caspases: their intracellular localization and translocation during apoptosis
Zhivotovsky, B., Afshin Samali, A., Gahm, A., & Orrenius, S. (1999) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400536 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Mechanisms of myocardial reperfusion injury
Park, J. L., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1999) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01073-5 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Self-citationProgrammed Myocyte Cell Death Affects the Viable Myocardium after Infarction in Rats
Cheng, W. N., Kajstura, J., Nitahara, J. A., Li, B., Krzysztof Reiss, F., Liu, Y., Clark, W. A., Krajewski, S., Reed, J. C., Olivetti, G., et al. (1996) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0232 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
p53 in signaling checkpoint arrest or apoptosis
Bates, S., & Vousden, K. H. (1996) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(96)90004-0 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Evidence of cardiocyte apoptosis in myocardium of dogs with chronic heart failure.
Sharov, V. G., Sabbah, H. N., Shimoyama, H., Goussev, A., Lesch, M., & Goldstein, S. (1996) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Kanoh, M., Takemura, G., Misao, J., Hayakawa, Y., Aoyama, T., Nishigaki, K., Noda, T., Fujiwara, T., Fukuda, K., Minatoguchi, S., et al. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2757 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats.
Palojoki, E., Saraste, A., Eriksson, A., Pulkki, K., Kallajoki, M., Voipio-Pulkki, L., & Tikkanen, I. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.6.h2726 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Reperfusion induces myocardial apoptotic cell death.
Zhao, Z.-Q., Nakamura, M., Wang, N.-P., Wilcox, J., Shearer, S. T., Ronson, R., Guyton, R., & Vinten-johansen, J. (2000) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00354-5 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Holly, T., Drincic, A., Byun, Y., Nakamura, S., Harris, K. E., Klocke, F., & Cryns, V. (1999) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.1999.1006 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
James, T. N. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.1.556 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
“Apoptotic” Myocytes in Infarct Area in Rabbit Hearts May Be Oncotic Myocytes With DNA Fragmentation
Ohno, M., Takemura, G., Ohno, A., Misao, J., Hayakawa, Y., Minatoguchi, S., Fujiwara, T., & Fujiwara, H. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.14.1422 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Apoptosis is Initiated by Myocardial Ischemia and Executed During Reperfusion
Freude, B., Masters, T. N., Robicsek, F., Fokin, A. A., Kostin, S., Zimmermann, R., Ullmann, C., Lorenz-Meyer, S., & Schaper, J. (2000) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.1999.1066 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, S. J., Amarante-Mendes, G. P., Shi, L., Chuang, T., Casiano, C. A., O'Brien, G. A., Fitzgerald, P., Tan, E. M., Bokoch, G., Greenberg, A. H., et al. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00598.x · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Cellular basis of chronic ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats.
Olivetti, G., Capasso, J. M., Meggs, L. G., Sonnenblick, E. H., & Anversa, P. (1991) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.68.3.856 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Itoh, G., Tamura, J., Suzuki, M., et al. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Shimizu, S., Eguchi, Y., Kamiike, W., Waguri, S., Uchiyama, Y., Matsuda, H., & Tsujimoto, Y. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Levin, S., Bucci, T. J., Cohen, S. M., Fix, A. S., Hardisty, J. F., LeGrand, E. K., Maronpot, R. R., & Trump, B. F. (1999) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1177/019262339902700419 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Schaper, J. (1979) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0022-2828(79)90428-0 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationYue, T.-L., Ma, X.-L., Wang, X., Romanic, A. M., Gao-lin, L., Louden, C. S., Gu, J.-L., Kumar, S., Poste, G. H., Ruffolo, R. R., Jr., et al. (1998) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.82.2.166 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Kockx, M. M., Muhring, J., Knaapen, M., & Meyer, G. R. Y. D. (1998) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Cell death: programmed, apoptosis, necrosis, or other?
Zakeri, Z. F., Bursch, W., Tenniswood, M., & Lockshin, R. A. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 221 · see citing works
FINE STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIC INJURY.
Jennings, R. B., Jh, B., & Pb, H. (1965) · PubMed · Cited by 196 · see citing works
p53-Dependent cell cycle control: response to genotoxic stress
Schwartz, D., & Rotter, V. (1998) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1006/scbi.1998.0095 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Sam, F., Sawyer, D. B., Chang, D. L. F., Eberli, F. R., Ngoy, S., Jain, M., Amin, J., Apstein, C. S., & Colucci, W. S. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.1.h422 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Apoptosis in relevant clinical situations: contribution of apoptosis in myocardial infarction.
Yaoita, H., Ogawa, K., Maehara, K., & Maruyama, Y. (2000) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00349-1 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Apoptosis and Post-infarction Left Ventricular Remodeling
Baldi, A., Abbate, A., Bussani, R., Patti, G., Melfi, R., Angelini, A., Dobrina, A., Rossiello, R., Silvestri, F., Baldi, F., et al. (2002) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.2001.1498 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The phagocytosis of apoptotic cells
Fadok, V. A., & Chimini, G. (2001) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1006/smim.2001.0333 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Early apoptosis in human myocardial infarcts
Veinot, J. P., Gattinger, D. A., & Fliss, H. (1997) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(97)90039-3 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The modular nature of apoptotic signaling proteins
Hofmann, K. (1999) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS) · doi:10.1007/s000180050361 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Cell-cycle checkpoint kinases: checking in on the cell cycle
Walworth, N. C. (2000) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00154-x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Elsässer, A., Suzuki, K., & Schaper, J. (2000) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.2000.1125 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationMyocardial ischaemia: can we agree on a definition for the 21st century?
HEARSE, D. (1994) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/28.12.1737 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
In situ apoptosis assay for the detection of early acute myocardial infarction.
Bardales, R. H., Hailey, L. S., Xie, S., et al. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Suzuki, K., Sawa Kostin, D., Person, V., Elsässer, A., & Schaper, J. (2001) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.2001.1364 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly and late remodeling of the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction
Roberts, C. S., Maclean, D., Maroko, P. R., & Kloner, R. A. (1984) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(84)90206-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Stegh, A. H., & Peter, M. E. (2001) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70192-2 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hayakawa, K., Takemura, G., Koda, M., Kawase, Y., Maruyama, R., Li, Y., Minatoguchi, S., Fujiwara, T., & Fujiwara, H. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000018651.89208.69 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Apoptosis and age-related disorders: role of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways
Nicotera, P. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00500-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Maruyama, R., Takemura, G., Aoyama, T., et al. (2001) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61739-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Extending Myocardial Viability During Heart Preservation with Cyclosporine A
Masters, T. N., Fokin, A. A., Schaper, J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Cardiac Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8191.2000.tb01299.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationKato, S., Takemura, G., Maruyama, R., et al. (2001) · Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition · doi:10.1253/jcj.65.743 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Vincenz, C. (2001) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70193-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Postischemic reperfusion is the prerequisite for tunel positivity
Rodriguez, M., Hennan, J. K., Lucchesi, B. R., et al. (2002) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(02)90941-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Vincenz C . Death receptors and apoposis. Cardiol Clin 2001; 19: 31±43.
- Takemura G, Kato S, Aoyama T, Hayakawa Y, Kanoh M, Maruyama R et al . Characterization of ultrastructure and its relation with DNA fragmentation in Fas-induced apoptosis of cultured cardiac myocytes. J Pathol 2001; 193: 546±56.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Abel, E. D., Litwin, S. E., & Sweeney, G. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00017.2007 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Osteocyte Apoptosis Controls Activation of Intracortical Resorption in Response to Bone Fatigue
Cardoso, L., Herman, B. C., Verborgt, O., Laudier, D., Majeska, R. J., & Schaffler, M. B. (2009) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.081210 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rodríguez, M., Lucchesi, B. R., & Schaper, J.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Venue
- Annals of Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 470-479
- ISSN
- 0785-3890 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2060
- OpenAlex
- W2116040786
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- apoptosis, myocardial infarction, cell death, myocardial ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, infarct size, heart failure, apoptosis detection methods
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Mitochondria, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardium, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Myocardial Ischemia, Apoptosis, Caspases, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Myocytes, Cardiac, DNA Fragmentation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
