Unresolved Issues Regarding the Role of Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Injury and Heart Failure

Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics

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Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis

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Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE

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Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration: A switch in the decision between apoptosis and necrosis

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Apoptosis in the Failing Human Heart

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Reperfusion injury induces apoptosis in rabbit cardiomyocytes.

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Apoptosis in Myocytes in End-Stage Heart Failure

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Caspase-3-Generated Fragment of Gelsolin: Effector of Morphological Change in Apoptosis

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Apoptotic and necrotic myocyte cell deaths are independent contributing variables of infarct size in rats.

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Signaling Pathways for Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure

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Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Transgenic Mice With Cardiac-Specific Overexpression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

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Apoptosis in human acute myocardial infarction.

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Apoptosis in Ischemic and Reperfused Rat Myocardium

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Mechanisms and Models in Heart Failure

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Tumor necrosis factor in the heart

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. Involvement of the sphingolipid signaling cascade in cardiac cell death.

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Loss of a gp130 Cardiac Muscle Cell Survival Pathway Is a Critical Event in the Onset of Heart Failure during Biomechanical Stress

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Attenuation of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by a Caspase Inhibitor

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Apoptosis in heart failure: Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase-3 in human cardiomyopathy

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Signaling Pathways in Reactive Oxygen Species–Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis

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Hypoxia induces apoptosis with enhanced expression of Fas antigen messenger RNA in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

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Enhanced Gαq signaling: A common pathway mediates cardiac hypertrophy and apoptotic heart failure

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Acute Myocardial Infarction in Humans is Associated with Activation of Programmed Myocyte Cell Death in the Surviving Portion of the Heart

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Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Decreases Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Improves Cardiac Function After Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

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Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice protects from myocyte death after infarction, attenuating ventricular dilation, wall stress, and cardiac hypertrophy.

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The CED-3/ICE-like Protease Mch2 Is Activated during Apoptosis and Cleaves the Death Substrate Lamin A

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Stretch-mediated release of angiotensin II induces myocyte apoptosis by activating p53 that enhances the local renin-angiotensin system and decreases the Bcl-2-to-Bax protein ratio in the cell.

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Ultrastructural quantitation of mitochondria and myofilaments in cardiac muscle from 10 different animal species including man

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Evidence of Apoptosis in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

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Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) Inhibition of Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis via a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-dependent Pathway

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Safety and Efficacy of a Soluble P75 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (Enbrel, Etanercept) in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure

Deswal, A., Bozkurt, B., Seta, Y., Parilti-Eiswirth, S., Hayes, F. A., Blosch, C. M., & Mann, D. L. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.25.3224 · Cited by 393 · see citing works

Expression of bcl-2 Protein, an Inhibitor of Apoptosis, and Bax, an Accelerator of Apoptosis, in Ventricular Myocytes of Human Hearts With Myocardial Infarction

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Hibernating Myocardium

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DNA double-strand breaks measured in individual cells subjected to gel electrophoresis.

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Evidence of cardiocyte apoptosis in myocardium of dogs with chronic heart failure.

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Significance of Myocytes With Positive DNA In Situ Nick End-Labeling (TUNEL) in Hearts With Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Caspase inhibition reduces myocyte cell death induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in vivo.

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“Apoptotic” Myocytes in Infarct Area in Rabbit Hearts May Be Oncotic Myocytes With DNA Fragmentation

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Increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis during the transition to heart failure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

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Myocardial cell death in fibrillating and dilated human right atria

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Apoptosis is Initiated by Myocardial Ischemia and Executed During Reperfusion

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The mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is activated by serum and glucose deprivation in cardiac myocytes.

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Inhibition of Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Induces Cell Growth, Hypertrophic Phenotype, and Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes In Vitro

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Apoptosis and myocardial infarction

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DNA fragmentation of human infarcted myocardial cells demonstrated by the nick end labeling method and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.

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Regulation of Bcl-2 Family Proteins During Development and in Response to Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Myocytes

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Hypoxia-activated apoptosis of cardiac myocytes requires reoxygenation or a pH shift and is independent of p53

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Monoclonal Antibody to Single-Stranded DNA Is a Specific and Sensitive Cellular Marker of Apoptosis

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The Nomenclature of Cell Death: Recommendations of an ad hoc Committee of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists

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Evaluation of glucocorticoid‐induced DNA fragmentation in mouse thymocytes by flow cytometry

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Possible Involvement of Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway and Fas Receptor Expression in Prevention of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Carvedilol

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Preconditioning rabbit cardiomyocytes: role of pH, vacuolar proton ATPase, and apoptosis.

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Glucose Uptake and Glycolysis Reduce Hypoxia-induced Apoptosis in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes

Malhotra, R., & Brosius, F. C. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12567 · Cited by 231 · see citing works

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and progression of heart failure to transplantation

Saraste, Pulkki, Kallajoki, Heikkilä, Laine, Mattila, Nieminen, Parvinen, & Voipio-Pulkki (1999) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00481.x · Cited by 229 · see citing works

The bcl-2 Gene Product Prevents Programmed Cell Death of Ventricular Myocytes

Kirshenbaum, L. A., & de Moissac, D. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.5.1580 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

Ischemic Preconditioning Reduces Apoptosis By Upregulating Anti-Death Gene Bcl-2

Maulik, N., Engelman, R. M., Rousou, J. A., Flack, J. E., Deaton, D. W., & Das, D. K. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.suppl_2.ii-369 · Cited by 214 · see citing works

Myocyte nuclear mitotic division and programmed myocyte cell death characterize the cardiac myopathy induced by rapid ventricular pacing in dogs.

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Ceramide is involved in triggering of cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ischemia and reperfusion.

Bielawska, A. E., Shapiro, J. P., Jiang, L., et al. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Ischemic Preconditioning Decreases Apoptosis in Rat Hearts In Vivo

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Presence of double-strand breaks with single-base 3' overhangs in cells undergoing apoptosis but not necrosis.

Didenko, V. V., & Hornsby, P. J. (1996) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.135.5.1369 · Cited by 189 · see citing works

In vivo evidence of apoptosis in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Valente, M., Calabrese, F., Thiene, G., Angelini, A., Basso, C., Nava, A. K., & Rossi, L. (1998) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Hibernating Myocardium

Heusch, G. (1998) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1055 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Oxidative Stress Developed During the Reperfusion of Ischemic Myocardium Induces Apoptosis

Maulik, N., Yoshida, T., & Das, D. K. (1998) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00388-2 · Cited by 181 · see citing works

Myocardial Gene Expression of Regulators of Myocyte Apoptosis and Myocyte Calcium Homeostasis During Hemodynamic Unloading by Ventricular Assist Devices in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure

Bartling, B., Milting, H., Schumann, H., Darmer, D., Arusoglu, L., Koerner, M. M., El‐Banayosy, A., Köerfer, R., Holtz, J., & Zerkowski, H.-R. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.suppl_2.ii-216 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Plasma Fas Ligand, an Inducer of Apoptosis, and Plasma Soluble Fas, an Inhibitor of Apoptosis, in Patients With Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Nishigaki, K., Minatoguchi, S., Seishima, M., Asano, K., Noda, T., Yasuda, N., Sano, H., Kumada, H., Takemura, M., Noma, A., et al. (1997) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00055-7 · Cited by 155 · see citing works

Co-localization of the Cysteine Protease Caspase-3 with Apoptotic Myocytes afterIn VivoMyocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Rat

Black, S. C., Huang, J., Rezaiefar, P., Radinovic, S., Eberhart, A., Nicholson, D. W., & Rodger, I. W. (1998) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.1998.0660 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Attenuates the Detrimental Impact of Nonocclusive Coronary Artery Constriction on the Heart

Li, B., Setoguchi, M., Wang, X., et al. (1999) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.84.9.1007 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CONSEQUENCES OF APOPTOSIS IN THE HUMAN HEART

James, T. N. (1998) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.309 · Cited by 133 · see citing works

The role of mitochondria in the salvage and the injury of the ischemic myocardium

Lisa, F. D., Menabò, R., Canton, M., & Petronilli, V. (1998) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00121-2 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

An ELISA for detection of apoptosis

Salgame, P. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.3.680 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Effects of ACE inhibition on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in dogs with heart failure

Goussev, A., Sharov, V. G., Shimoyama, H., Tanimura, M., Lesch, M., Goldstein, S., & Sabbah, H. N. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.2.h626 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Cardiac Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Dı́ez, J., Panizo, Á., Hernández, M., Vega, F., Sola, I., Fortuño, M. A., & Pardo, J. (1997) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.30.5.1029 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Cell Death in Acromegalic Cardiomyopathy

Frustaci, A., Chimenti, C., Setoguchi, M., Guerra, S., Corsello, S. M., Crea, F., Leri, A., Kajstura, J., Anversa, P., & Maseri, A. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.11.1426 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Pacing-Induced Heart Failure in Dogs Enhances the Expression of p53 and p53-Dependent Genes in Ventricular Myocytes

Leri, A., Liu, Y., Malhotra, A., Li, Q., Stiegler, P., Claudio, P. P., Giordano, A., Kajstura, J., Hintze, T. H., & Anversa, P. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.2.194 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Mast Cells Cause Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes and Proliferation of Other Intramyocardial Cells In Vitro

Hara, M., Matsumori, A., Ono, K., Kido, H., Hwang, M., Miyamoto, T., Iwasaki, A., Okada, M., Nakatani, K., & Sasayama, S. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.13.1443 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Cytokines and cardiomyocyte death.

Pulkki, K. (1997) · Annals medicus · doi:10.3109/07853899708999358 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

A Rapid Ischemia-induced Apoptosis in Isolated Rat Hearts and its Attenuation by the Sodium–Hydrogen Exchange Inhibitor HOE 642 (Cariporide)

Chakrabarti, S. K., Hoque, A. N. E., & Karmazyn, M. (1997) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.1997.0561 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Increased Superoxide in Heart Failure

Münzel, T. F., & Harrison, D. G. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.3.216 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Myocardial Cell Death and Apoptosis in Hibernating Myocardium

Chen, C., Ma, L., Linfert, D. R., et al. (1997) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00309-4 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Cells, tissues and disease

Majno, G. (1996) · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Calpain Inhibitor-1 Reduces Infarct Size and DNA Fragmentation of Myocardium in Ischemic/Reperfused Rat Heart

Iwamoto, H., Miura, T., Okamura, T., Shirakawa, K., Iwatate, M., Kawamura, S., Tatsuno, H., Ikeda, Y., & Matsuzaki, M. (1999) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-199904000-00010 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

The Role of Cell Death in Heart Failure

Schaper, J., Elsässer, A., & Kostin, S. (1999) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.85.9.867 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Cardiomyocyte remodelling during myocardial hibernation and atrial fibrillation: prelude to apoptosis

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