Psyllium seed husk regulates the gut microbiota and improves mucosal barrier injury in the colon to attenuate renal injury in 5/6 nephrectomy rats

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can cause gut microbiota dysbiosis and thus impair intestinal barrier function. Disruption of intestinal homeostasis facilitates the production of enterogenic toxins, which exacerbate CKD-induced uremic toxicity and inflammation. Dietary fiber, by targeting the gut–ki…