The Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) as a Model Paradigm for the Management of Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Disorders
Abstract
Background: Integrated treatment for youth with substance use disorders (SUDs) and co-occurring psychiatric disorders is recommended; however, there are few studies that have evaluated integrated treatment approaches. Methods: This paper includes a brief review of cognitive-behavioral and family therapies, since they have been demonstrated to be effective treatments for the disorders that commonly co-occur with substance use. It also describes how an integrated treatment paradigm has been implemented using one Empirically Supported Treatment, the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA). Results: There is existing research that supports the use of several A-CRA procedures to treat substance use and commonly co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: In the absence of further research, it is reasonable in the interim to train clinicians in treatments that incorporate components that have been found to be effective for both substance use and commonly co-occurring psychiatric disorders. These treatments can then be adapted as needed based on an individual youth's set of problems. Further research is needed to test treatments for various combinations of SUDs and psychiatric disorders (i.e., depression, trauma-related problems, conduct disorder/behavior problems, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]).
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ACRA combines key CBT ingredients and family-based approaches with a strong focus on substance-free reinforcements.
“ACRA combines key CBT ingredients and family-based approaches with a strong focus on substance-free reinforcements (53).”
From Initial insights from a quality improvement initiative to develop an evidence-informed young adult substance use program (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Godley, S. H., Smith, J. E., Passetti, L. L., & Subramaniam, G.
- Affiliations
- Chestnut Health Systems (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- Corresponding author
- Godley, Susan H.
- Venue
- Substance Abuse
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 352-363
- ISSN
- 0889-7077 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-0164
- OpenAlex
- W2070657799
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 0.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Substance Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (27007-0191)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach, adolescent substance use disorders, co-occurring psychiatric disorders, integrated treatment, empirically supported treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, treatment adaptation, depression, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Mental Disorders, Family Therapy, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Substance-Related Disorders
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