Digital identities, student investments and eGranary as a placed resource
Abstract
In this article, we draw on our research on the digital portable library, eGranary, undertaken in a rural Ugandan village in 2008, to contribute to place-based studies of digital literacy. Our research project investigated the uptake of eGranary by students in the community, focusing on six secondary students who worked as library scholars in the local library. Drawing on Blommaert's construct of scale, we illustrate how both space and time were implicated in the diverse practices associated with eGranary, and their indexical meanings in the wider community. In addition, with reference to Norton's work on identity and investment, we illustrate how students’ identities shifted over time from trainee to tutor, and how the use of eGranary enhanced what was socially imaginable to the library scholars. We demonstrate that Norton's construct of investment thus serves as a useful complement to Blommaert's construct of scale. We also found, however, that students in the wider community who did not have access to eGranary engaged in practices of resistance. We conclude that while eGranary traveled well to Uganda, the limited local resources available in the community compromised its effectiveness, and may well limit the realization of students’ imagined identities for the future.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The construct of investment extends the notion of uptake because investment indexes issues of identity and imagined futures.
“Norton and Williams have argued that the construct of investment extends the notion of uptake, given that investment indexes issues of identity and imagined futures.”
From Identity and a Model of Investment in Applied Linguistics (2015) · cites this paper as Norton and Williams (2012)
When students and teachers acquired valued digital skills, their cultural capital and social power grew.
“While Norton and her colleagues do not suggest that what is socially imaginable is also socially available in the African context, it was clear that as students and teachers developed valued digital skills, they also gained increasing cultural capital and social power.”
From Identity and a Model of Investment in Applied Linguistics (2015) · cites this paper as Norton & Williams, 2012
Cites
Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
Reid, A. J. S. (1985) · Pacific Affairs · doi:10.2307/2759245 · Cited by 25,963 · see citing works
Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
Sears, L. J., & Anderson, B. (1994) · Journal of the American Oriental Society · doi:10.2307/604991 · Cited by 12,508 · see citing works
Corsaro, W. A., & Bourdieu, P. (1992) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2579985 · Cited by 9,965 · see citing works
Feminist practice and poststructuralist theory
(1988) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-0383 · Cited by 4,197 · see citing works
The Sociolinguistics of Globalization
Blommaert, J. (2010) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511845307 · Cited by 3,737 · see citing works
Kress, G. R. (2003) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203164754 · Cited by 3,571 · see citing works
The economics of linguistic exchanges
Bourdieu, P. (1977) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/053901847701600601 · Cited by 2,048 · see citing works
Dorian, N. C. (1995) · Language · doi:10.2307/416221 · Cited by 2,024 · see citing works
Identity and language learning : gender, ethnicity and educational change
Norton, B. (2000) · Cited by 2,023 · see citing works
Self-citationPennycook, A. (2010) · doi:10.4324/9780203846223 · Cited by 1,856 · see citing works
Technology and Social Inclusion: Rethinking the Digital Divide
Warschauer, M. (2003) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/6699.001.0001 · Cited by 1,825 · see citing works
Identity and Language Learning: Gender, Ethnicity and Educational Change
Yim, Y.-K., & Norton, B. (2001) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3588036 · Cited by 1,798 · see citing works
Self-citationTechnology and social inclusion: rethinking the digital divide
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-1633 · Cited by 1,726 · see citing works
What’s ‘New’ in New Literacy Studies? Critical Approaches to Literacy in Theory and Practice
Street, B. (2003) · Current Issues in Comparative Education · doi:10.52214/cice.v5i2.11369 · Cited by 1,655 · see citing works
International Reading Association (2012) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/(issn)1936-2722 · Cited by 1,385 · see citing works
Resisting Linguistic Imperialism in English Teaching
Canagarajah, S. (1999) · Cited by 1,243 · see citing works
The sociolinguistics of globalization
Blommaert, J., Coupland, N., & Jaworski, A. (2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-2498 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
Identity, language learning, and social change
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444811000309 · Cited by 1,168 · see citing works
Self-citationResisting Linguistic Imperialism in English Teaching
McDonagh, E. (2000) · System · doi:10.1016/s0346-251x(00)00005-1 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. (2005) · doi:10.1002/9780470996522.ch16 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Fairclough, N. L. (2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203593769 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Imagined Communities and Educational Possibilities: Introduction
Kanno, Y., & Norton, B. (2003) · Journal of Language Identity & Education · doi:10.1207/s15327701jlie0204_1 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Self-citationLearner Contributions to Language Learning: New Directions in Research
Breen, M. (2001) · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Janks, H. (2009) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Watson, M., & McMahon, M. L. (2005) · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Literacy and Education: Understanding the New Literacy Studies in the Classroom
Pahl, K. H., & Rowsell, J. (2012) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781473915237 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Imagined Communities, Identity, and English Language Learning
Pavlenko, A., & Norton, B. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-46301-8_43 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition
Robinson, P. J. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203135945 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Commentary: A sociolinguistics of globalization
Blommaert, J. (2003) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9841.2003.00244.x · Cited by 308 · see citing works
The Future of Literacy Studies
Baynham, M., & Prinsloo, M. (2009) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230245693 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Researcher Identity, Narrative Inquiry, and Language Teaching Research
NORTON, B., & EARLY, M. (2011) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.5054/tq.2011.261161 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationMultimodal Pedagogies in Diverse Classrooms: Representation, Rights and Resources
Stein, P. (2007) · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The time of space and the space of time: the future of social science
Wallerstein, I. M. (1998) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/s0962-6298(96)00097-2 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Luke, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139524834.002 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Sunderland, J. (2003) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Luke, A. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315100951-9 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The new literacies as placed resources
Prinsloo, M. (2005) · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Digital Literacy Studies: Progress and Prospects
Warschauer, M. (2009) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230245693_7 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Young People's Engagement with Digital Literacies in Marginal Contexts in a Globalised World
Snyder, I., & Prinsloo, M. (2007) · Language and Education · doi:10.2167/le745.0 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Futures of the Ethnography of Literacy?
Street, B. (2004) · Language and Education · doi:10.1080/09500780408666885 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The New Literacies as Placed Resources: Research: Information and Communication Technologies.
Prinsloo, M. (2005) · Perspectives in Education · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Freebody, P. R., & Freiberg, J. (2008) · AILA applied linguistics series · doi:10.1075/aals.2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Promoting Local Languages in Ugandan Primary Schools: The Community as Stakeholder
Tembe, J., & Norton, B. (2008) · The Canadian Modern Language Review · doi:10.3138/cmlr.65.1.33 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the Limits of Sexual Health Literacy: Insights From Ugandan Schoolgirls
Jones, S., & Norton, B. (2007) · Diaspora Indigenous and Minority Education · doi:10.1080/15595690701563998 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationGirls’ visual representations of literacy in a rural Ugandan community
Kendrick, M., & Jones, S. (2008) · eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) · Cited by 44 · see citing works
ICT on the margins: Lessons for Ugandan education
Mutonyi, H., & Norton, B. (2007) · Language and Education · doi:10.2167/le751.0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning about HIV/AIDS in Uganda: Digital Resources and Language Learner Identities
Norton, B., Jones, S., & Ahimbisibwe, D. (2011) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.67.4.568 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationImagined Communities and Educational Possibilities
(2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203063316 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
1. Globalised literacy education: Intercultural trade in textual and cultural practice
Freebody, P. R., & Freiberg, J. M. (2008) · AILA applied linguistics series · doi:10.1075/aals.2.02fre · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Manning, S. A. (1993) · The Cambridge Quarterly · doi:10.1093/camqtly/xxii.2.219 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Egranary as a Digital Resource in Uganda: Preliminary Findings
Norton, B., Early, M., & Tembe, J. (2010) · Sammelpunkt - Elektronisch archivierte Theorie · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationE-Granary, digital literacy, and the identities of Ugandan students
Williams, C.-J. (2009) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0067483 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Identity and a Model of Investment in Applied Linguistics
Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2015) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190514000191 · Cited by 1,186 · see citing works
Self-citationResearch tasks on identity in language learning and teaching
Norton, B., & Costa, P. I. D. (2017) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444817000325 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationThe African Storybook and Language Teacher Identity in Digital Times
Stranger–Johannessen, E., & Norton, B. (2017) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12374 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationDarvin, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28380-3_12 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Emerging identities in virtual exchange
Helm, F. (2018) · doi:10.14705/rpnet.2018.25.9782490057191 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Language, Ideology, and Critical Digital Literacy
Darvin, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02237-6_35 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Revisiting English as medium of instruction in rural African classrooms
Early, M., & Norton, B. (2014) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2014.908890 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationMotivational mechanisms of ethnic minorities’ social media engagement with mainstream culture
Lai, C., Gu, M. M., Gao, F., & Yung, J. W. S. (2020) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2020.1738442 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
EFL Learners’ Satisfaction with the Online Learning Program, Tell Me More
Gyamfi, G., & Sukseemuang, P. (2018) · Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.17718/tojde.382798 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Language, Identity, and Investment in the Twenty-First Century
Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02344-1_18 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationBabino, A., & Stewart, M. A. (2019) · International Multilingual Research Journal · doi:10.1080/19313152.2019.1623635 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Language, Identity, and Investment in the Twenty-first Century
Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02320-5_18-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroduction: the Millennium Development Goals and multilingual literacy in African communities
Norton, B. (2014) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2014.908887 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationDarvin, R., & Norton, B. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108333603.020 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationLanguage, Identity, and Investment in the Twenty-first Century
Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02320-5_18-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationGalloway, E. P., Dobbs, C. L., Olivo, M., & Madigan, C. (2019) · Linguistics and Education · doi:10.1016/j.linged.2019.01.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Digital literacy in Ugandan teacher education: Insights from a case study
Andema, S., Kendrick, M., & Norton, B. (2013) · Reading & Writing · doi:10.4102/rw.v4i1.27 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationNew perspectives on community library development in Africa
Stranger–Johannessen, E., Asselin, M., & Doiron, R. (2015) · Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication · doi:10.1108/nlw-05-2014-0063 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Velghe, F. (2013) · Ethnography & Education · doi:10.1080/17457823.2013.836456 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hajar, A., & Karakuş, M. (2024) · Language Culture and Curriculum · doi:10.1080/07908318.2024.2435284 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Language, Ideology, and Critical Digital Literacy
Darvin, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02328-1_35-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tajeddin, Z., Kerfoot, C., & Fereydoonfar, M. (2023) · Linguistics and Education · doi:10.1016/j.linged.2023.101220 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Panos, A. M. (2016) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2016.1186679 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Literacy acquisition, informal learning and mobile phones in a South African township
Velghe, F. (2013) · International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD) · doi:10.1145/2516604.2516615 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Promoting Early Literacy and Student Investment in the African Storybook
Stranger–Johannessen, E., & Norton, B. (2019) · Journal of Language Identity & Education · doi:10.1080/15348458.2019.1674150 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentity, Language Learning, and Critical Pedagogies in Digital Times
Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02325-0_3-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationByfield, L., Shelby‐Caffey, C., Bacon, H. R., & Shen, X. (2015) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature · doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.5n.1p.39 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Digital media and identity construction: Exploring the discourse of Pakistani vloggers
Farrukh, F., Haidar, S., & Shehzad, W. (2021) · Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism · doi:10.1111/sena.12344 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Literacies and translanguaging in Africa: A critical review of sociocultural perspectives
Lauwo, M. S. (2021) · Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies · doi:10.2989/16073614.2021.1934051 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nguyen, T. T. T., & Hajek, J. (2021) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2021.2002335 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Identity, Language Learning, and Critical Pedagogies in Digital Times
Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02240-6_3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Mobile Learning in Promoting Literacy and Human Rights for Women and Girls
Dunkerly‐Bean, J., & Crompton, H. (2015) · Advances in media, entertainment and the arts (AMEA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8310-5.ch023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Digital Library Appropriation in the Context of SubSaharan Countries
Gafinowitz, N. (2016) · ACM Symposium on Computing for Development (ACM DEV) · doi:10.1145/3001913.3006638 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Amadasi, S., & Holliday, A. (2021) · Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny · doi:10.4467/25444972smpp.21.051.14804 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
eGranary and Digital Identities of Ugandan Youth
Norton, B. (2014) · Cultural studies and transdisciplinarity in education · doi:10.1007/978-981-4451-03-1_8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMultimodality and Trans‐Semiotics
Prinsloo, M. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781394165957.ch10 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Teaching multilingual literacy in Ugandan classrooms: The promise of the African Storybook
Norton, B., & Tembe, J. (2020) · Applied Linguistics Review · doi:10.1515/applirev-2020-2006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentity, Language Learning, and Critical Pedagogies in Digital Times
Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02325-0_3-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationYe, X. (2024) · Journal of Language Identity & Education · doi:10.1080/15348458.2024.2404090 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, H., & Chao, X. (2025) · Language and Education · doi:10.1080/09500782.2025.2558567 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sàng khôn as A Theorizing Tool in Mobility Education
Doan, N. B. (2017) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci7010026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Role of Mobile Learning in Promoting Literacy and Human Rights for Women and Girls
Dunkerly‐Bean, J., & Crompton, H. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0783-3.ch099 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The feelings we harbor - the role of collage in arousing powerful emotions in an ESL classroom.
McGrath, I. V. (2017) · doi:10.18297/etd/2849 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Palumbo, C. (2015) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Kozak, J. A. (2018) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Investment in Language Learning: an Investigation of Iranian EFL Learners’ Perspectives
Soltanian, N., & Ghapanchi, Z. (2021) · English Teaching & Learning · doi:10.1007/s42321-021-00089-z
"El inglés me hizo sentirme orgulloso de mí mismo":
Evnitskaya, N., & Vila, B. T. (2022) · CLIL Journal of Innovation and Research in Plurilingual and Pluricultural Education · doi:10.5565/rev/clil.85
Helm, F. (2018) · doi:10.14705/rpnet.2018.25.812
Stewart, M. (2019) · American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting (AERA) · doi:10.3102/1430736
Hossain, G. S. (2023) · Journal of NELTA · doi:10.3126/nelta.v28i1.61642
- Authors
- Norton, B., & Williams, C.-J.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- ORCID
- Norton, Bonny
- Venue
- Language and Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 315-329
- ISSN
- 0950-0782 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-7581
- OpenAlex
- W2132803388
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 10.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Language and Education (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › ICT in Developing Communities
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Library Science and Administration
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Literacy, Media, and Education
- Keywords
- digital literacy, digital identity, student investment, scale, high school students, resistance, rural Uganda, Norton
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review