Mindfulness instruction for HIV-infected youth: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
HIV-infected youth experience many stressors, including stress related to their illness, which can negatively impact their mental and physical health. Therefore, there is a significant need to identify potentially effective interventions to improve stress management, coping, and self-regulation. The object of the study was to assess the effect of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program compared to an active control group on psychological symptoms and HIV disease management in youth utilizing a randomized controlled trial. Seventy-two HIV-infected adolescents, ages 14-22 (mean age 18.71 years), were enrolled from two urban clinics and randomized to MBSR or an active control. Data were collected on mindfulness, stress, self-regulation, psychological symptoms, medication adherence, and cognitive flexibility at baseline, post-program, and 3-month follow-up. CD4+ T lymphocyte and HIV viral load (HIV VL) counts were also pulled from medical records. HIV-infected youth in the MBSR group reported higher levels of mindfulness (P = .03), problem-solving coping (P = .03), and life satisfaction (P = .047), and lower aggression (P = .002) than those in the control group at the 3-month follow-up. At post-program, MBSR participants had higher cognitive accuracy when faced with negative emotion stimuli (P = .02). Also, those in the MBSR study arm were more likely to have or maintain reductions in HIV VL at 3-month follow-up than those in the control group (P = .04). In our sample, MBSR instruction proved beneficial for important psychological and HIV-disease outcomes, even when compared with an active control condition. Lower HIV VL levels suggest improved HIV disease control, possibly due to higher levels of HIV medication adherence, which is of great significance in both HIV treatment and prevention. Additional research is needed to explore further the role of MBSR for improving the psychological and physical health of HIV-positive youth.
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That trial found very little evidence of favorable psychosocial benefit compared with a non-mindfulness HIV self-management skills group.
“and very little evidence of favorable psychosocial benefit compared to a non-mindfulness based HIV self-management skills group.”
From Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
A large, rigorously designed clinical trial of mindfulness training for HIV infection found definitive null effects on immunological markers of disease severity and progression.
“One of the largest, most rigorously designed clinical trials of mindfulness training for a specific disease conducted to date found definitive evidence of null effects on immunologic markers of disease severity and progression”
From Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
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Crowley, T., & Rohwer, A. C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14559250
Crowley, T., & Rohwer, A. C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14559256
Crowley, T., & Rohwer, A. C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14559259
Crowley, T., & Rohwer, A. C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14559265
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Youth and Students
Webb, L., & Sibinga, E. M. S. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190880507.003.0006
Self-citationChhun, N., Mangale, D. I., Agot, K. E., Masyuko, S. J., Kibugi, J., Jiang, W., Hicks, S., Badia, J., Owade, W. A., Ounda, N., et al. (2026) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-026-00888-0
- Authors
- Webb, L., Perry-Parrish, C., Ellen, J., & Sibinga, E.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Webb, Lindsey
- Venue
- AIDS Care
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-10-25
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 688-695
- ISSN
- 0954-0121 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0451
- PMC
- PMC5987527
- OpenAlex
- W2766671929
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 7.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- AIDS Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (R21AT005209)
- Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research
- Child Mental Health Services
- Service System Research training
- National Institute of Mental Health (4T32MH019545-25)
- NIDA Epidemiology Training Program
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (5T32DA007292-25)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, HIV-infected adolescents, stress management, coping, self-regulation, medication adherence, HIV viral load, cognitive flexibility, aggression, life satisfaction, psychological symptoms, HIV disease management
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Female, HIV, Humans, Male, Pilot Projects, Stress, Psychological, HIV Infections, Treatment Outcome, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Anti-HIV Agents, Viral Load, Medication Adherence, Young Adult, Mindfulness
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