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Cited by 5Gender Studies and Social IssuesUrban and Rural Development ChallengesChild Nutrition and Water Access

Not just any toilet–women’s solutions to sanitation in informal settlements in Nairobi.

Winter, Samantha, Barchi, Francis, Dzombo, Millicent Ningoma·2019·Development in Practice
DOI 10.1080/09614524.2018.1519013
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Abstract

Evidence suggests sanitation development is more effective when women are involved. The purpose of this study was to provide women with an opportunity to share their perspectives and solutions to sanitation in informal settlements. Data were collected through 55 in-depth interviews with women in Mathare Valley informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. The most common solution was to build more toilets, but women had a variety of suggestions – including gender-specific solutions. Findings from this study suggest that it is imperative to start addressing women-specific burdens associated with sanitation in informal settlements.

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Crossref · 10.1080/09614524.2018.1519013

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  • General safety concerns were widely noted, including feeling unsafe collecting water or using sanitation facilities at night, and when toilets lack doors, locks, lighting, or are far; safety issues were particularly intense for adolescent girls, young women, and minorities.

    “General safety concerns were widely noted, [100, 119, 123, 139, 143, 147, 171, 177, 182, 186, 188, 191, 201, 202, 223, 226-229, 233, 238, 240, 241, 251, 255, 257] including feeling unsafe collecting water, [100, 119, 177] or using sanitation facilities at night, [168, 171, 190, 229, 255-257] and when toilets lack doors, locks, lighting, or are far [171, 190, 214, 223, 239-241, 252, 255].Safety”

    From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [147]

  • Limited household income has forced women to prioritize needs like food over sanitation; women in Kenya and India adapted by using preferred pay-per-use locations less often or strategically, like for defecation only.

    “Limited household income has forced women to prioritize needs like food over sanitation, whether investing in or paying to use toilets [135,147,186].Women in Kenya [240, 270] and India [187] adapted by using preferred pay-per-use locations less often or strategically, like for defecation only [187,240,270].”

    From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [147]

  • Limited income and asset access and control, including over land, constrained women's access to sanitation and limited independent decision-making about latrine construction; women reported using public pay-per-use toilets and incurring higher costs than men due to more frequent need.

    “Similarly, limited income and asset access and control, including over land, constrained women's access to sanitation [119, 124, 125, 135, 147, 168, 171, 174, 186, 187, 191, 217, 239, 240, 270] and limited independent decision-making about latrine construction [119, 124, 135].Women reported using public pay-per-use toilets [168, 171, 174, 227, 239, 270] and incurring higher costs than men due to”

    From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [147]

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Authors
Winter, S., Barchi, F., & Dzombo, M. N.
Corresponding author
Winter, Samantha
ORCID
Venue
Development in Practice
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2018-09-24
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
15-25
ISSN
  • 0961-4524 (ISSN-L)
  • 1364-9213
DOI
10.1080/09614524.2018.1519013
OpenAlex
W2894332414
Cited by
5
References
15
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1
FWCI
0.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Development in Practice (publishedVersion)
  • Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Security Education Program (David L. Boren Fellowship)
  • PEO International (PEO Scholar Award)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies and Social Issues
  • Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
Keywords
sanitation, informal settlements, women's perspectives, toilets, women's burden, Nairobi, participatory approach

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