Motor learning in neurological rehabilitation
Abstract
While most upper limb training interventions in neurological rehabilitation are based on established principles of motor learning and neural plasticity, recovery potential may be improved if the focus includes remediating an individual's specific motor impairment within the framework of a motor control theory. This paper reviews current theories of motor control and motor learning and describes how they can be incorporated into training programs to enhance sensorimotor recovery in patients with neurological lesions. An emphasis is placed on dynamical systems theory and the use of new technologies such as virtual, augmented and mixed reality applications for rehabilitation to facilitate learning.Implications for RehabilitationKinematic abundance allows the healthy nervous system to produce different combinations of joint rotations to perform a desired task.The structure of practice to improve the movement repertoire in rehabilitation should take into account the kinematic abundance of the system.Learning can be enhanced by varied practice with feedback about key movement elements.Virtual reality environments provide opportunities to manipulate the structure and schedule of practice and feedback.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These considerations are in line with current knowledge of the impact of rehabilitation on cerebral plasticity and the modification of cortical motor control.
“These considerations are in line with current knowledge of the impact of rehabilitation on cerebral plasticity and the modification of cortical motor control.65,66”
From Physiotherapy Education and Breathing Retraining for Patients With Hyperventilation Syndrome: An Observational Study (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
Cites
The co-ordination and regulation of movements
Bernshteĭn, N. A. (1967) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(69)90278-9 · Cited by 6,389 · see citing works
The co-ordination and regulation of movements
Foley, J. (1968) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(68)90166-4 · Cited by 3,450 · see citing works
Winstein, C. J., Stein, J., Arena, R., Bates, B., Cherney, L. R., Cramer, S. C., Deruyter, F., Eng, J. J., Fisher, B., Harvey, R. L., et al. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000098 · Cited by 3,293 · see citing works
A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning.
Schmidt, R. A. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0076770 · Cited by 3,227 · see citing works
Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review
Langhorne, P., Coupar, F., & Pollock, A. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70150-4 · Cited by 2,343 · see citing works
The problem of serial order in behavior
Lashley, K. S. (1951) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 2,228 · see citing works
Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control
Wolpert, D. M., & Kawato, M. (1998) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(98)00066-5 · Cited by 2,152 · see citing works
Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications
Carmigniani, J., Furht, B., Anisetti, M., Ceravolo, P., Damiani, E., & Ivkovic, M. (2010) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-010-0660-6 · Cited by 1,552 · see citing works
Guadagnoli, M. A., & Lee, T. D. (2004) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.3200/jmbr.36.2.212-224 · Cited by 1,534 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The theoretical framework proposed by Guadagnoli and Lee [60] provides a structure for progressing the level of difficulty of practice.”
BackgroundMethodKnowledge of results and motor learning: A review and critical reappraisal.
Salmoni, A. W., Schmidt, R. A., & Walter, C. B. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.355 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
Probability of Regaining Dexterity in the Flaccid Upper Limb
Kwakkel, G., Kollen, B. J., van der Grond, J., & Prevo, A. J. H. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000087172.16305.cd · Cited by 1,409 · see citing works
Motor learning: its relevance to stroke recovery and neurorehabilitation
Krakauer, J. W. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000200544.29915.cc · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
A survey on robotic devices for upper limb rehabilitation
Maciejasz, P., Eschweiler, J., Gerlach-Hahn, K., Jansen-Troy, A., & Leonhardt, S. K. (2014) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-11-3 · Cited by 1,221 · see citing works
What Is the Evidence for Physical Therapy Poststroke? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Veerbeek, J. M., van Wegen, E., van Peppen, R., van der Wees, P. J., Hendriks, E., Rietberg, M., & Kwakkel, G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087987 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-0997 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke
Cirstea, C. M., & Levin, M. F. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.5.940 · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
Self-citationMAMMALIAN MUSCLE RECEPTORS AND THEIR CENTRAL ACTIONS
Matthews, P. B. C., & Bagby, R. M. (1974) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-197400620-00005 · Cited by 965 · see citing works
What Do Motor “Recovery” and “Compensation” Mean in Patients Following Stroke?
Levin, M. F., Kleim, J. A., & Wolf, S. L. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308328727 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebral mechanisms in behavior.
indicated, N. A. (1952) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0051344 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Distinct contribution of the cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar systems to motor skill learning
Doyon, J., Penhune, V. B., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00158-6 · Cited by 900 · see citing works
Functional Reorganization of the Rat Motor Cortex Following Motor Skill Learning
Kleim, J. A., Barbay, S., & Nudo, R. J. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.3321 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
Toward a New Theory of Motor Synergies
Latash, M. L., Scholz, J. P., & Schöner, G. (2007) · Motor Control · doi:10.1123/mcj.11.3.276 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Nudo, R. J., & Milliken, G. W. (1996) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.5.2144 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Dewald, J. P. A., Pope, P. S., Given, J. D., Buchanan, T. S., & Rymer, W. Z. (1995) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/118.2.495 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Observation of Amounts of Movement Practice Provided During Stroke Rehabilitation
Lang, C. E., MacDonald, J. R., Reisman, D. S., Boyd, L. A., Kimberley, T. J., Schindler-Ivens, S., Hornby, T. G., Ross, S. A., & Scheets, P. L. (2009) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.005 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
The bliss (not the problem) of motor abundance (not redundancy)
Latash, M. L. (2012) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3000-4 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Plautz, E. J., Milliken, G. W., & Nudo, R. J. (2000) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1999.3934 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Is More Better? Using Metadata to Explore Dose–Response Relationships in Stroke Rehabilitation
Lohse, K. R., Lang, C. E., & Boyd, L. A. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.004695 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Simonsen, C. (1998) · Neurology Report · doi:10.1097/01253086-199822020-00019 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
A neural network that finds a naturalistic solution for the production of muscle activity
Sussillo, D., Churchland, M. M., Kaufman, M. T., & Shenoy, K. V. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4042 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
The origin and use of positional frames of reference in motor control
Feldman, A. G., & Levin, M. F. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0004070x · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Self-citation(2008) · Human Kinetics eBooks · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Sensorimotor training in virtual reality: A review
Adamovich, S., Fluet, G. G., Tunik, E., & Merians, A. S. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-2009-0497 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Lohse, K. R., Hilderman, C. G. E., Cheung, K. L., Tatla, S., & Van der Loos, H. F. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093318 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Rodgers, H., Bosomworth, H. J., Krebs, H. I., van Wijck, F., Howel, D., Wilson, N., Aird, L., Alvarado, N., Andole, S. N., Cohen, D., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31055-4 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Interjoint coordination during pointing movements is disrupted in spastic hemiparesis
Levin, M. F. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.1.281 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Self-citationLevin, M. F., Weiss, P. L., & Keshner, E. A. (2014) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20130579 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Self-citationQualitative analysis of stroke patients' motivation for rehabilitation
Maclean, N. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7268.1051 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Kantak, S. S., & Winstein, C. J. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.028 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Robotic neurorehabilitation: a computational motor learning perspective
Huang, V. S., & Krakauer, J. W. (2009) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-6-5 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Motor compensation and its effects on neural reorganization after stroke
Jones, T. A. (2017) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.26 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Extrinsic feedback for motor learning after stroke: What is the evidence?
van Vliet, P. M., & Wulf, G. (2006) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280500534937 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Dopaminergic Projections from Midbrain to Primary Motor Cortex Mediate Motor Skill Learning
Hosp, J. A., Pekanovic, A., Rioult-Pedotti, M. S., & Luft, A. R. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5411-10.2011 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Reward Improves Long-Term Retention of a Motor Memory through Induction of Offline Memory Gains
Abe, M., Schambra, H., Wassermann, E. M., Luckenbaugh, D., Schweighofer, N., & Cohen, L. G. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.02.030 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Chronic transformation of muscle in spasticity: a peripheral contribution to increased tone.
Hufschmidt, A., & Mauritz, K.-H. (1985) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.7.676 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Dose and timing in neurorehabilitation
Lang, C. E., Lohse, K. R., & Birkenmeier, R. L. (2015) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000256 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Lang, C. E., MacDonald, J. R., & Gnip, C. (2007) · Neurology Report · doi:10.1097/01.npt.0000260568.31746.34 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Virtual reality in neurorehabilitation
Weiss, P. L., Kizony, R., Feintuch, U., & Katz, N. (2006) · Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511545078.015 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Motor learning after unilateral brain damage
Winstein, C. J. (1999) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00145-6 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Merians, A. S., Howard Poizner, A., Boian, R., Burdea, G., & Adamovich, S. (2006) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968306286914 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
A critical evaluation of the force control hypothesis in motor control
Ostry, D. J., & Feldman, A. G. (2003) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1624-0 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Cirstea, C. M., & Levin, M. F. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968306298414 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationMaladaptive Plasticity for Motor Recovery after Stroke: Mechanisms and Approaches
Takeuchi, N., & Izumi, S. (2012) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2012/359728 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Variability of practice and implicit motor learning.
Wulf, G., & Schmidt, R. A. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.23.4.987 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Weakness Is the Primary Contributor to Finger Impairment in Chronic Stroke
Kamper, D. G., Fischer, H. C., Cruz, E. G., & Rymer, W. Z. (2006) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2006.05.013 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of spasticity in stroke
Burke, D. J., Wissel, J., & Donnan, G. A. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827624a7 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Feldman, A. G., & Latash, M. L. (2004) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2049-0 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Feedback and Cognition in Arm Motor Skill Reacquisition After Stroke
Cirstea, C. M., Ptito, A., & Levin, M. F. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000217417.89347.63 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationSubramanian, S. K., Massie, C. L., Malcolm, M. P., & Levin, M. F. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309349941 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationLewis, G. N., & Rosie, J. A. (2012) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.670036 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Effects of Unilateral Upper Limb Training in Two Distinct Prognostic Groups Early After Stroke
Kwakkel, G., Winters, C., van Wegen, E. E. H., Nijland, R. H. M., van Kuijk, A. A., Visser‐Meily, A., de Groot, J. H., de Vlugt, E., Arendzen, J. H., Geurts, A. C. H., et al. (2016) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968315624784 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Lang, C. E., & Schieber, M. H. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00805.2003 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Bernhardt, J. A., Borschmann, K., Boyd, L. A., Carmichael, S. T., Corbett, D., Cramer, S. C., Hoffmann, T., Kwakkel, G., Savitz, S. I., Saposnik, G., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1177/1747493016643851 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Cooke, E. V., Mares, K., Clark, A., Tallis, R. C., & Pomeroy, V. M. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-60 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Motor control and neural plasticity through interhemispheric interactions
Takeuchi, N., Oouchida, Y., & Izumi, S.-I. (2012) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2012/823285 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Providing Explicit Information Disrupts Implicit Motor Learning After Basal Ganglia StrokePreprint
Boyd, L. A., & Winstein, C. J. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.80104 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
The role of kinematic redundancy in adaptation of reaching
Yang, J.-F., Scholz, J. P., & Latash, M. L. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0602-8 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
(2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2011-0-05693-4 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Referent control of action and perception
Feldman, A. G. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2736-4 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Cirstea, C. M., Ptito, A., & Levin, M. F. (2003) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1568-4 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatial zones for muscle coactivation and the control of postural stability
Levin, M. F., & Dimov, M. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00204-7 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationCan virtual reality offer enriched environments for rehabilitation?
Levin, M. F. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.201 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationDaly, J. J., McCabe, J., Holcomb, J., Monkiewicz, M., Gansen, J. L., & Pundik, S. (2019) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968319846120 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hayward, K. S., & Brauer, S. (2015) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215514565395 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Krakauer, J. W., & Carmichael, S. T. (2017) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9310.001.0001 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Boyd, L. A., & Winstein, C. J. (2003) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/83.11.976 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Piron, L., Turolla, A., Agostini, M., Zucconi, C. S., Ventura, L., Tonin, P., & Dam, M. (2010) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968310362672 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Levac, D. E., Glegg, S., Colquhoun, H. L., Miller, P. A., & Noubary, F. (2017) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2016.0089 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Pacheco, M. M., Lafe, C. W., & Newell, K. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01874 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Proffitt, R. M., & Lange, B. S. (2014) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20130571 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Barker, R. N., Gill, T. J., & Brauer, S. (2007) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280500243570 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Change in Movement and Skill: Learning, Retention, and Transfer
Bernstein, N. A., Latash, M. L., Latash, M. L., & Turvey, M. T. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410603357-22 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Alaverdashvili, M., & Whishaw, I. Q. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.026 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Augmented Information and the Acquisition of Skill in Physical Activity
Newell, K., MORIS, L. R., & SCULLY, D. M. (1985) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/00003677-198500130-00009 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Effects of a primary motor cortex lesion on step-tracking movements of the wrist
Hoffman, D. S., & Strick, P. L. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.891 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Translating the science into practice
Winstein, C. J., & Kay, D. B. (2015) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.01.004 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Alaverdashvili, M. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.11.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Conceptions of Ability Affect Motor Learning
Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2009) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.3200/35-08-083 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Associations Between Positive Emotion and Recovery of Functional Status Following Stroke
Ostir, G. V., Berges, I.-M., Ottenbacher, M. E., Clow, A., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31816fd7d0 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Tracking the evolution of virtual reality applications to rehabilitation as a field of study
Keshner, E. A., Weiss, P. L., Geifman, D., & Raban, D. R. (2019) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-019-0552-6 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Upper Limb Coordination in Individuals With Stroke: Poorly Defined and Poorly Quantified
Tomita, Y., Rodrigues, M. R., & Levin, M. F. (2017) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968317739998 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationBroken Movement: The Neurobiology of Motor Recovery after Stroke
Krakauer, J. W., & Carmichael, S. T. (2017) · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Potential for new technologies in clinical practice
Burridge, J. H., & Hughes, A. (2010) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e3283402af5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Feldman, A. G. (2015) · Thammasat University Digital Collections · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Proteau, L., Blandin, Y., ALAIN, C., & Dorion, A. (1994) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(94)90020-5 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Kinematics of Reaching Movements in a 2-D Virtual Environment in Adults With and Without Stroke
Liebermann, D. G., Berman, S., Weiss, P. L., & Levin, M. F. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2012.2206117 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationBrunner, I. C., Skouen, J. S., Hofstad, H., Aßmuss, J., Becker, F., Pallesen, H., Thijs, L., & Verheyden, G. (2016) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-016-0740-y · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Neuroplasticity and Virtual Reality
Cheung, K. L., Tunik, E., Adamovich, S., & Boyd, L. A. (2014) · Virtual reality technologies for health and clinical applications · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0968-1_2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lehrer, N., Chen, Y., Duff, M., Wolf, S. L., & Rikakis, T. (2011) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-8-54 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Use it and/or lose it—experience effects on brain remodeling across time after stroke
Allred, R. P., Kim, S. Y., & Jones, T. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00379 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Motor Learning Conundrums (and Possible Solutions)
Lee, T. D., & Wishart, L. R. (2005) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2005.10491843 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Simpson, D. B., Breslin, M. C., Cumming, T. B., de Zoete, S., Gall, S., Schmidt, M. W., English, C., & Callisaya, M. L. (2018) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.012 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Lafe, C. W., Pacheco, M. M., & Newell, K. M. (2016) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2016.03.011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Commercial gaming devices for stroke upper limb rehabilitation: a survey of current practice
Thomson, K., Pollock, A., Bugge, C., & Brady, M. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.3109/17483107.2015.1005031 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Reductive and Emergent Views on Motor Learning in Rehabilitation Practice
van Dijk, L., van der Sluis, C. K., & Bongers, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2016.1191418 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Baniña, M. C., Molad, R., Solomon, J. M., Frenkel‐Toledo, S., Soroker, N., Berman, S., Liebermann, D. G., & Levin, M. F. (2019) · International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation · doi:10.1109/icvr46560.2019.8994735 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationThe journey from research to practice: A road less travelled
Lannin, N. A., & Laver, K. (2012) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12021 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kleim (n.d.) · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2008/018
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tang, Y. M., Chau, K. Y., Kwok, A. P. K., Zhu, T., & Ma, X. (2021) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100429 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Chen, J., Or, C. K., & Chen, T. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24111 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Juliano, J. M., Schweighofer, N., & Liew, S. (2022) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-022-01084-6 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Aderinto, N., Muili, A. O., Olatunji, G. D., & Adejumo, T. J. (2023) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000001137 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Leveraging Factors of Self-Efficacy and Motivation to Optimize Stroke Recovery
Gangwani, R., Cain, A., Collins, A., & Cassidy, J. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.823202 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Kiper, P., Godart, N., Cavalier, M., Berard, C., Cieślik, B., Federico, S., Kiper, A., Pellicciari, L., & Meroni, R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13010146 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Demers, M., Martinie, O., Winstein, C. J., & Robert, M. T. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.601898 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationBoardsworth, K., Rashid, U., Olsen, S., Ramírez, E. R. R., Browne, W. N., Alder, G., & Signal, N. (2025) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01662-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Therapy on Balance and Gait in the Elderly: A Systematic Review
Rodríguez‐Almagro, D., Achalandabaso‐Ochoa, A., Ibáñez‐Vera, A. J., Góngora-Rodríguez, J., & Rodríguez-Huguet, M. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12020158 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Motor Control: A Conceptual Framework for Rehabilitation
Levin, M. F., & Piscitelli, D. (2022) · Motor Control · doi:10.1123/mc.2022-0026 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationAnwar, N. M., Karimi, H., Ahmad, A., Gilani, S. A., Khalid, K., Aslam, A. S., & Hanif, A. (2022) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/29830 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ase, H., Honaga, K., Tani, M., Takakura, T., Wada, F., Murakami, Y., Isayama, R., Tanuma, A., & Fujiwara, T. (2025) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01564-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Amin, F. M., Waris, A., Iqbal, J., Gilani, S. O., Rehman, M. Z. U., Mushtaq, S., Khan, N. B., Khan, M. I., Jameel, M., & Tamam, N. M. (2023) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101725 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Burin-Chu, S., Baillet, H., Leconte, P., Lejeune, L., Thouvarecq, R., & Benguigui, N. (2023) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155231187858 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Motor Learning Following Stroke
Winterbottom, L., & Nilsen, D. M. (2023) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2023.06.004 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Role of Immersive Virtual Reality in Motor Behaviour Decision-Making in Chronic Pain Patients
Guerra-Armas, J., Flores-Cortés, M., Galán, C. P., Luque-Suárez, A., & Touche, R. L. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13040617 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dozin, S. M. G., Rahimi, N. M., & Aminzadeh, R. (2023) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/10998004231180316 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chen, J., Or, C. K., Li, Z., Yeung, E., Zhou, Y., & Hao, T. (2023) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076231203599 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ali, A., Senthil Kumaran, D., Unni, A., Sardesai, S., Prabhu, V., Nirmal, P., Pai, A. R., Guddattu, V., & Arumugam, A. (2024) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/15459683231222921 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Johnson, L., Burridge, J. H., Ewings, S. M., Westcott, E., Gayton, M., & Demain, S. H. (2022) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2022.06.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Stasolla, F., Lopez, A., Akbar, K., Vinci, L. A., & Cusano, M. (2023) · Technologies · doi:10.3390/technologies11020043 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Li, R., Miao, X., Cheng, L. J., & Lau, Y. (2021) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.10.046 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sevitz, J. S., Borders, J. C., Dakin, A. E., Kiefer, B. R., Alcalay, R. N., Kuo, S., & Troche, M. S. (2022) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2022_ajslp-22-00063 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Feingold-Polak, R., Barzel, O., & Levy‐Tzedek, S. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2024.3387320 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Xiong, P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, N., Fu, S., Li, X., Zheng, Y., Zhou, J., Hu, X., & Fan, M. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642912 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lazem, H., Hall, A., Gomaa, Y. S., Mansoubi, M., Lamb, S. E., & Dawes, H. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20176630 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Laying the Foundation for Augmented Reality in Music Education
Nijs, L., & Behzadaval, B. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3427698 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Characterizing practice-dependent motor learning after a stroke
Antonioni, A., Cellini, N., Baroni, A. V., Fregna, G., Lamberti, N., Koch, G., Manfredini, F., & Straudi, S. (2024) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07815-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Capecci, M., Cima, R., Barbini, F. A., Mantoan, A., Sernissi, F., Lai, S., Fava, R., Tagliapietra, L., Ascari, L., Izzo, R. N., et al. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23167238 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Motor learning in golf—a systematic review
Barzyk, P., & Grüber, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1324615 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cheng-zhu, J., Chen, Y., & Ma, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0316633 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sivertsen, M., Jaegher, H. D., Arntzen, E. C., Alstadhaug, K. B., & Normann, B. (2022) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.1948 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
ŞENOCAK, E., Korkut, E., Aktürk, A., & Yıldız, A. (2023) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-023-06739-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Palidis, D. J., Gardiner, Z., Stephenson, A., Zhang, K., Boruff, J. T., & Fellows, L. K. (2024) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/15459683241298262 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Jiao, Y., Dajime, P. F., Zhang, Q., Reading, S. A., Smith, M., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01200-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Stasolla, F., Vinci, L. A., & Cusano, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905811 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Upper Limb Robot-Aided Physical Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Molle, R., Tamantini, C., & Zollo, L. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/3779302 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cheng, H.-L., Lin, C., Tseng, S., Peng, C., & Lai, C. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12040515 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Moulaei, K., Bahaadinbeigy, K., Haghdoostd, A., Nezhad, M. S., Gheysari, M., & Sheikhtaheri, A. (2023) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1255 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Adhikari, B., Bharadwaj, V. R., Miller, B. A., Novak, D., & Jiang, C. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2023.3326777 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Telerehabilitation for Stroke: A Personalized Multi-Domain Approach in a Pilot Study
Federico, S., Cacciante, L., Icco, R. D., Gatti, R., Jonsdottir, J., Pagliari, C., Franceschini, M., Goffredo, M., Cioeta, M., Calabrò, R. S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13121692 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Calabrò, R. S., Calderone, A., & Fiorente, N. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10020119 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Huamanchahua, D., Vargas‐Martínez, A., & Ramírez-Mendoza, R. A. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10091069 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
RetractedSivertsen, M., Arntzen, E. C., Alstadhaug, K. B., & Normann, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2022.987601 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gatica-Rojas, V., Cartes‐Velásquez, R., Soto-Poblete, A., & Lizama, L. E. C. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268163 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Knutsen, K., Solbakken, R., & Normann, B. (2023) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103556 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fruchter, D., Feingold-Polak, R., Berman, S., & Levy‐Tzedek, S. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/thms.2022.3170831 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
García-Salazar, L. F., Pacheco, M. M., Alcântara, C. C., Russo, T. L., & Pereira, N. D. (2022) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1080/10407413.2022.2086461 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Apu, M. M. H., Rani, G. M., Akter, A., Umapathi, R., Doguwa, A. R., Azeem, M. A., Patel, F., Huh, Y. S., & Baroud, T. N. (2025) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202501592 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fruchter, D., Feingold-Polak, R., Berman, S., & Levy‐Tzedek, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.918804 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Bobath concept (NDT) in adult neurorehabilitation: a scoping review of conceptual literature
Marques, S., Vaughan-Graham, J., Costa, R., & Figueiredo, D. (2025) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2375054 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Interestingly, it is the posture-movement problem that distinguishes the Indirect and Direct motor control approaches [55,56].”
InfluentialBaillet, H., Burin-Chu, S., Lejeune, L., Thouvarecq, R., Clément-Guillotin, C., Leconte, P., & Benguigui, N. (2024) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1080/17518423.2024.2438949 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Richards, L. G., Ifejika, N. L., Stein, J., Bahouth, M. N., Saylor, M. A., Barrett, A. M., Chen, P., Deutsch, A. F., Dusenbury, W., Ellis, C., et al. (2026) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000536 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lee, J.-H., & Kim, E. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60040542 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Simón-Martínez, C., Antoniou, M., Bouthour, W., Bavelier, D., Levi, D. M., Backus, B. T., Dornbos, B., Blaha, J. J., Kropp, M., Müller, H., et al. (2023) · BMC Ophthalmology · doi:10.1186/s12886-023-02944-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Motor Rehabilitation and Biofeedback
Reddy, K. J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88117-6_11 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fang, E., Guan, H., Du, B., Ma, X., & Ma, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1582110 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Argyrou, S., Kitixis, P., Dimitriadis, Z., Christakou, Α., Στριμπάκος, Ν., Paras, G., Tsioutsoumaka, M., & Kapreli, E. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15080873 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Coordination Rigidity in the Gait, Posture, and Speech of Persons with Parkinson’s Disease
Dotov, D. G., Cock, V. C. D., Driss, V., Bardy, B. G., & Bella, S. D. (2023) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2023.2217100 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rest the brain to learn new gait patterns after stroke
Krishnan, C., Augenstein, T. E., Claflin, E. S., Hemsley, C. R., Washabaugh, E. P., & Ranganathan, R. (2024) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-024-01494-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Celian, C., Redd, H., Smaller, K. A., Ryali, P., Patton, J. L., Reinkensmeyer, D. J., & Rafferty, M. R. (2025) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2024.100425 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Knutsen, K., Solbakken, R., & Normann, B. (2025) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2025.103960 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Neuroadaptation in neurodegenerative diseases: compensatory mechanisms and therapeutic approaches
Kopalli, S. R., Behl, T., Baldaniya, L. H., Ballal, S., Joshi, K. K., Arya, R., Chaturvedi, B., Chauhan, A. S., Verma, R. K., Patel, M., et al. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111375 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effects of self-control of feedback timing on motor learning
Akizuki, K., Takeuchi, K., Yabuki, J., Yamaguchi, K., Yamamoto, R., & Kaneno, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1638827 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Heinzle, K., Habig, J., Pröglhöf, M., Diwald, A., Mildner, S., Haslinger, M., Lehner, F., Stampfer‐Kountchev, M., Hatschenberger, R., Brenneis, C., et al. (2026) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01851-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
O’Neil, J., Egan, M. Y., Marshall, S., Bilodeau, M., Pelletier, L. G., & Sveistrup, H. (2022) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/ptc-2021-0040 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Denneman, R. P. M., van Bezeij, T., Kal, E. C., Marshall, J., & Pisters, M. F. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2320265 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Carson, R. G., & Hayward, K. S. (2024) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp285559 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Immersive virtual reality for learning exoskeleton-like virtual walking: a feasibility study
Fernández, A. R., van den Berg, A., Cucinella, S. L., Lobo-Prat, J., Font-Llagunes, J. M., & Marchal–Crespo, L. (2024) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-024-01482-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kafri, M., Levron, Y., & Atun‐Einy, O. (2023) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04304-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Effects of Music-Based Patterned Sensory Enhancement on Motor Function: A Scoping Review
Caputo, C. C., Pranjić, M., Koshimori, Y., & Thaut, M. H. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15070664 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Janković, D., Čvorović, A., Dopsaj, M., Prćić, I., & Kukić, F. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148695 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tagliabue, L., Cerroni, F., Salatiello, R., Ricci, C., Zanchi, S., Monaco, E., Nacinovich, R., Carotenuto, M., & Purpura, G. (2024) · Journal of Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1177/17446295241228635 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nishimoto, R., Inokuchi, H., Fujiwara, S., & Ogata, T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68284-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Garment Metaverse: Parametric Digital Human and Dynamic Scene Try-on
Wang, H., Liu, X., Jiang, M., & Zhou, C. (2023) · Asia Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Machine Learning (CACML) · doi:10.1145/3590003.3590014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Integrating artificial intelligence and gamification in rehabilitation: A scoping review
Wang, M., Zhu, J., Qian, W., & Gu, H. (2025) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2025.101011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Identification of a Hippocampus‐to‐Zona Incerta Projection involved in Motor Learning
Zhang, Z., Wang, B., Yan, P., Xu, Y., Li, C., Ning, Y., Zhao, Y. F., Shan, F., Zhang, B., Yang, N., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202307185 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hong, S., Choi, H., & Kweon, H. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/68149 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pinho, L., Freitas, M., Pinho, F., Silva, S., Figueira, V., Ribeiro, E., Sousa, A. S. P., Sousa, F., & Silva, A. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25072196 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Comparing virtual reality with traditional methods in cognitive rehabilitation in PICS syndrome
Despoti, A., Patsaki, I., Alexandropoulou, A., Magkouti, E., Tzoumi, D., Leventakis, N., Roussou, G., Papathanasiou, A., Dimitriadi, N., Presvelou, P., et al. (2025) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2025.2477184 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Johansson, G. M., & Öhberg, F. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25103109 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Marques, S., Vaughan‐Graham, J., Costa, R. J. D., & de Figueiredo, D. M. P. (2025) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2025.2515476 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Oppici, L., Hestetun-Mandrup, A. M., Pacheco, M. M., Simonsen, E. H., Opheim, A. I., Rafsten, L., Løvstad, M., Berzina, G., Sunnerhagen, K. S., & Rudd, J. R. (2026) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-026-14139-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A review of concurrent sonified biofeedback in balance and gait training
Zaferiou, A. M., Hirsch, Z. M., Bacani, T., & Dahl, L. (2025) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01565-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Carlsson, H., Lindgren, I., Rosén, B., Björkman, A., Pessah-Rasmussen, H., & Brogårdh, C. B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063636 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lamp, G., Molina, R. S., Hugrass, L., Beaton, R., Crewther, D. P., & Crewther, S. G. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12111581 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Urbina, J., Abarca, V. E., & Elías, D. A. (2024) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-024-01379-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Integrating Body Schema and Body Image in Neurorehabilitation: Where Do We Stand and What’s Next?
Calabrò, R. S. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15040373 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sevitz, J. S., Rogus‐Pulia, N. M., Malandraki, G. A., & Troche, M. S. (2025) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2025_jslhr-24-00768 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Swallowing skill training approaches and underlying motor learning principles: A scoping review
Garwood, B. F., Francis, R. L., & Doeltgen, S. (2025) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2025.2563833 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chu, J., Glinsky, J. V., Liu, H., Ben, M., Spooren, A. I. F., Roberts, S., Chen, L. W., Natal, F. D., Tamburella, F., Jørgensen, V., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072219 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Petrevska, M., Wright, F. V., Khan, A., Munce, S., Fehlings, D. L., & Biddiss, E. A. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082761 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cabrera-Brito, M. E., Carcelén‐Fraile, M. D. C., Aibar‐Almazán, A., Hita‐Contreras, F., Vico-Rodríguez, P., Cano-Orihuela, M., & Castellote‐Caballero, Y. (2025) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci13030157 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Liscano, Y., Coronel, F. A., & Martínez, D. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15101071 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Almarwani, M., & Aldawsary, N. (2023) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-230071 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Maas, B., van der Sluis, C. K., & Bongers, R. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2024.1353077 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Orchestrating Motion: Real-Time Sonification Tools and Methods to Support Movement Rehabilitation
Kantan, P. R. (2024) · doi:10.54337/aau696001045 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
El movimiento para esculpir el cerebro: fisioterapia basada en neurociencia
Nogueras, A. M. M. (2024) · Fisioterapia · doi:10.1016/j.ft.2024.12.002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hansen, G. M., Brunner, I. C., & Pallesen, H. (2021) · Rehabilitation Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2021/8838038 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Laly, A., Rosnet, É., & Houel, N. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24061821 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Levin, M. F., & Demers, M.
- Affiliations
- Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital (CA)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Levin, Mindy F.
- Venue
- Disability and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-04-22
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 3445-3453
- ISSN
- 0963-8288 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5165
- OpenAlex
- W3017170620
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Disability and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds de la Recherche du Québec en Santé
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- motor learning, neurorehabilitation, motor control theory, dynamical systems theory, upper limb training, sensorimotor recovery, virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, neuroplasticity, practice structure, movement feedback, motor impairment
- MeSH terms
- Neurological Rehabilitation, Stroke Rehabilitation, Virtual Reality, Humans, Movement, Neuronal Plasticity, Physical Therapy Modalities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
