Affectivity, Emotional Labor, Emotional Exhaustion, and Emotional Intelligence in Coaching

Lee, Ye Hoon; Chelladurai, Packianathan

doi:10.1080/10413200.2015.1092481

Cited by 107Emotional Labor in ProfessionsSport Psychology and PerformanceStress and Burnout Research

Affectivity, Emotional Labor, Emotional Exhaustion, and Emotional Intelligence in Coaching

Lee, Ye Hoon, Chelladurai, Packianathan·2016·Journal of Applied Sport Psychology

DOI 10.1080/10413200.2015.1092481

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship among affectivity, emotional labor strategies, and emotional exhaustion, and the moderating effect of emotional intelligence in that relationship. There were 430 NCAA Division I coaches who completed questionnaires measuring affectivity, the forms of emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, and emotional intelligence, which were modified to fit the coaching context. The result indicated that positive affectivity predicted 3 forms of emotional labor. In addition, coaches’ surface acting and genuine expression significantly predicted their emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, emotional intelligence moderated the relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion. These results reveal the important role of emotional labor on coaches’ well-being.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/10413200.2015.1092481

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Negative affectivity positively predicted emotional exhaustion in NCAA Division I coaches.
“Lee and Chelladurai found that positive affectivity negatively predicted emotional exhaustion, and negative affectivity positively predicted emotional exhaustion in NCAA Division I coaches [89].”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
Positive affectivity negatively predicted emotional exhaustion in NCAA Division I coaches.
“Lee and Chelladurai found that positive affectivity negatively predicted emotional exhaustion, and negative affectivity positively predicted emotional exhaustion in NCAA Division I coaches [89].”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [89]

Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314 · see citing works
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190 · see citing works
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · see citing works
Job burnout
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 · Cited by 12,852 · see citing works
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Stevens, J. P. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203843130 · Cited by 10,652 · see citing works
Journal of personality and social psychology
Armstrong, J. (1988) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/0169-2070(88)90126-4 · Cited by 10,544 · see citing works
The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916 · see citing works
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
Tropman, J. E., & Hochschild, A. R. (1984) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.2307/3324333 · Cited by 8,747 · see citing works
Toward a consensual structure of mood.
Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219 · Cited by 5,362 · see citing works
Handbook of Emotion Regulation
Lambert, K. G. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.15.1808 · Cited by 4,900 · see citing works
Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor.
Grandey, A. A. (2000) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.95 · Cited by 3,592 · see citing works
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
Spelman, D. H., & Hochschild, A. R. (1985) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/257986 · Cited by 3,352 · see citing works
Emotional Labor in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity
Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1993.3997508 · Cited by 3,278 · see citing works
The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude
Wong, C., & Law, K. S. (2002) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(02)00099-1 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Positive affect and the other side of coping.
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.6.647 · Cited by 2,471 · see citing works
Emotional Labor and Burnout: Comparing Two Perspectives of “People Work”
Brotheridge, C. M., & Grandey, A. A. (2002) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1006/jvbe.2001.1815 · Cited by 2,389 · see citing works
The Managed Heart: Commercialization Of Human Feeling
Hochschild, A. R. 1. (1983) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College) · Cited by 1,835 · see citing works
A meditation on mediation: evidence that structural equations models perform better than regressions.
Iacobucci, D., Saldanha, N., & Deng, X. (2007) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/s1057-7408(07)70020-7 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies
Diefendorff, J., Croyle, M. H., & Gosserand, R. H. (2005) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2004.02.001 · Cited by 1,335 · see citing works
On the costs and benefits of emotional labor: A meta-analysis of three decades of research.
Hulsheger, U. R., & Schewe, A. F. (2011) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022876 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
Testing a conservation of resources model of the dynamics of emotional labor.
Brotheridge, C., & Lee, R. T. (2002) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.7.1.57 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling, 3rd ed.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010) · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Emotional Labor at a Crossroads: Where Do We Go from Here?
Grandey, A. A., & Gabriel, A. S. (2015) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111400 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Handling Nonresponse Issues
Miller, L. E., & Smith, K. L. (1983) · Journal of Extension · doi:10.66752/1077-5315.9088 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Factors and Burnout: A Study Among Volunteer Counselors
Bakker, A. B., van der Zee, K. I., Lewig, K. A., & Dollard, M. F. (2006) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.3200/socp.146.1.31-50 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
IS EMOTIONAL LABOR MORE DIFFICULT FOR SOME THAN FOR OTHERS? A MULTILEVEL, EXPERIENCE‐SAMPLING STUDY
Judge, T. A., Woolf, E. F., & Hurst, C. (2009) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.01129.x · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Service with a smile: Do emotional intelligence, gender, and autonomy moderate the emotional labor process?
Johnson, H.-A. M., & Spector, P. E. (2007) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.12.4.319 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Testing differences between nested covariance structure models: Power analysis and null hypotheses.
Maccallum, R., Browne, M., & Cai, L. (2006) · Psychological methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.11.1.19 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Affectivity, Organizational Stressors, and Absenteeism: A Causal Model of Burnout and Its Consequences
Iverson, R. D., Olekalns, M., & Erwin, P. J. (1998) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.1556 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Factors influencing the occurrence of flow state in elite athletes
Jackson, S. A. (1995) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413209508406962 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Emotional Display Rules and Emotional Labor: The Moderating Role of Commitment.
Gosserand, R. H., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2005) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1256 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Facets of teachers' emotional lives: A quantitative investigation of teachers' genuine, faked, and hidden emotions
Taxer, J. L., & Frenzel, A. C. (2015) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2015.03.003 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Emotional intelligence and components of burnout among Chinese secondary school teachers in Hong Kong
Chan, D. W. (2006) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.005 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Personality and contextual variables in teacher burnout
Cano‐García, F. J., Padilla-Muñoz, E. M., & Carrasco, M. Á. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.018 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Automatic emotion regulation during anger provocation
Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.07.003 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Emotional labour and emotional exhaustion: Interpersonal and intrapersonal mechanisms
Martínez-Íñigo, D., Totterdell, P., Alcover, C.-M., & Holman, D. (2007) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678370701234274 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Individual differences in emotion regulation
John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation and Sport Performance
Wagstaff, C. R. D. (2014) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2013-0257 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Antecedents of Perceived Coach Interpersonal Behaviors: The Coaching Environment and Coach Psychological Well- and Ill-Being
Stebbings, J., Taylor, I. M., Spray, C. M., & Ntoumanis, N. (2012) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.34.4.481 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Validation of emotional intelligence scale in Chinese university students
Shi, J., & Wang, L. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.12.012 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Passion for Work and Emotional Exhaustion: The Mediating Role of Rumination and Recovery
Donahue, E. G., Forest, J., Vallerand, R. J., Lemyre, P., Crevier‐Braud, L., & Bergeron, É. (2012) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2012.01078.x · Cited by 190 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Donahue et al. (2012) reported a Cronbach’s alpha of .91 with a sample of professional coaches.”
Background
Associations of personality and emotional intelligence with display rule perceptions and emotional labour
Austin, E. J., Dore, T. C. P., & O’Donovan, K. M. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.001 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Emotional Intelligence: A Theoretical Overview and Implications for Research and Professional Practice in Sport Psychology
Meyer, B. B., & Fletcher, T. B. (2007) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200601102904 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“I control my own emotions for the sake of the team”: Emotional self-regulation and interpersonal emotion regulation among female high-performance curlers
Tamminen, K. A., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2013) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.05.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Examining relationships between emotional intelligence and coaching efficacy
Thelwell, R., Lane, A. M., Weston, N. J. V., & Greenlees, I. A. (2008) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2008.9671863 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
THE IMPACT OF DISPLAY RULES AND EMOTIONAL LABOR ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AT WORK
Cropanzano, R., Weiss, H., & Elias, S. (2003) · Research in occupational stress and well being · doi:10.1016/s1479-3555(03)03002-6 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Burnout in sport: A review and critique
Dale, J., & Weinberg, R. S. (1990) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413209008406421 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
A descriptive study of emotional process during competition: Nature, frequency, direction, duration and co-occurrence of discrete emotions
Martinent, G., Campo, M., & Ferrand, C. (2011) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.10.006 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.)
Whittaker, T. A. (2011) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2011.607726 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Chapter 11 Using an emotion regulation framework to predict the outcomes of emotional labor
Mikolajczak, M., Tran, V., Brotheridge, C. M., & Gross, J. J. (2009) · Research on emotion in organizations · doi:10.1108/s1746-9791(2009)0000005013 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Automatic control of negative emotions: evidence that structured practice increases the efficiency of emotion regulation
Christou-Champi, S., Farrow, T. F. D., & Webb, T. L. (2015) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.901213 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Styles of emotion regulation and their associations with perceived health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
van Middendorp, H., Geenen, R., Sorbi, M., Hox, J., Vingerhoets, A., van Doornen, L. V., & Bijlsma, J. (2005) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3001_6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Positive organizational psychology in sport
Wagstaff, C. R. D., Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2011) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2011.634920 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2000) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(200003)21:2

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Coach Burnout: A Scoping Review
Olusoga, P., Bentzen, M., & Kentta, G. (2019) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2017-0094 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review
Frost, J., Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., Fisher, K., Gwyther, K., Kocherginsky, M., & Rice, S. M. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00655-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“[45, 78–80, 83, 87–89, 93, 96–107], anxiety ( n = 10, 23.8”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Mental Health of Elite Sport Coaches and Entourage
Purcell, R., Frost, J., & Pilkington, V. (2024) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.005 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Roles of Different Appraisals in Anxiety and Emotional Exhaustion: A Case of NCAA Division I Head Coaches
Lee, Y. H. (2021) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.134.3.0269 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
“Self-regulation in competitive sports,”
Beckmann, J., Beckmann-Waldenmayer, D., & Wolf, S. A. (2023) · Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-03921-8_20 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Authors: Lee, Y. H., & Chelladurai, P.
Affiliations: Chung-Ang University (KR)
Troy University (US)
Corresponding author: Lee, Ye Hoon
ORCID: Lee, Ye Hoon
Venue: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2015-12-09
Volume: 28
Issue: 2
Pages: 170-184
ISSN: 1041-3200 (ISSN-L)
1533-1571
DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2015.1092481
OpenAlex: W2241059164
Cited by: 107
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 22.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Emotional Labor in Professions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Keywords: affectivity, emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, emotional intelligence, coaches, positive affectivity, surface acting, coach well-being

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Affectivity, Emotional Labor, Emotional Exhaustion, and Emotional Intelligence in Coaching

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks