National Estimates of Outdoor Air Toxics Concentrations
Open accessAbstract
The Clean Air Act identifies 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), or "air toxics," associated with a wide range of adverse human health effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted a modeling study with the Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide (ASPEN) to gain a greater understanding of the spatial distribution of concentrations of these HAPs resulting from contributions of multiple emission sources. The study estimates year 1990 long-term outdoor concentrations of 148 air toxics for each census tract in the continental United States, utilizing a Gaussian air dispersion modeling approach. Ratios of median national modeled concentrations to estimated emissions indicate that emission totals without consideration of emission source type can be a misleading indicator of air quality. The results also indicate priorities for improvements in modeling methodology and emissions identification. Model performance evaluation suggests a tendency for underprediction of observed concentrations, which is likely due, at least in part, to a number of limitations of the Gaussian modeling formulation. Emissions estimates for HAPs have a high degree of uncertainty and contribute to discrepancies between modeled and monitored concentration estimates. The model's ranking of concentrations among monitoring sites is reasonably good for most of the gaseous HAPs evaluated, with ranking accuracy ranging from 66 to 100%.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Similar exposure assessment methods for different air pollutant compounds are heterogeneous in terms of internal validity.
“The justification for this was based on empirical evidence demonstrating that similar exposure assessment methods for different air pollutant compounds are heterogeneous in terms of their internal validity [32, 33].”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple Airborne Pollutants and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [32]
Initial exposure assessment risk of bias ratings for NATA data were assigned as probably low for higher confidence, probably high for medium confidence, and high for lower confidence.
““probably high” for those with “medium” confidence (i.e., coke oven emissions, vinyl chloride, chloroform, ethylene dibromide, etc.), and “high” for those with “lower” confidence (i.e., arsenic compounds, beryllium compounds, cadmium compounds, lead compounds, etc.).”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple Airborne Pollutants and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [62]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals
(1990) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-6-487_2 · Cited by 4,508 · see citing works
THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Ashford, O. M. (1966) · Weather · doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1966.tb02810.x · Cited by 2,081 · see citing works
Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants 1. Reaction Rates and Atmospheric Persistence
Grosjean, D. (1990) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.1990.10466792 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Grosjean, D. (1990) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.1990.10466814 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Grosjean, D. (1991) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.1991.10466847 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Grosjean, D. (1990) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.1990.10466803 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Grosjean, D. (1991) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.1991.10466835 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Grosjean, D. (1991) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.1991.10466825 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Measurements of Toxic Exhaust Emissions from Gasoline-Powered Light-Duty Vehicles
Warner-Selph, M. A., & Vita, J. D. (1989) · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · doi:10.4271/892075 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Toward the Environmentally-Friendly Small Engine: Fuel, Lubricant, and Emission Measurement Issues
Hare, C. T., & White, J. J. (1991) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Edgerton, S. A., Khalil, M. A. K., & Rasmussen, R. A. (1985) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A Environmental Science and Engineering · doi:10.1080/10934528509375242 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 34
- Wiley, J.; Robinson, J.; Piazza, T.; Garrett, K.; Cirkensa, K.; Cheng, Y.; Martin, G. Activity Patterns of California Residents; California Air Re- sources Board, 1991.
- Wiley, J.; Robinson, J.; Cheng, Y.; Piazza, T.; Stork, L.; Pladsen, K. Study of Children's Activity Patterns; California Air Resources Board, 1991.
- Lewis, C.W. J. Exposure Analysis and Environ. Epidemiol. 1991, 1(1), 31-44.
- Koutrakis, P.; Briggs, S.L.; Leaderer, B.P. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 521-527.
- Caldwell, J.; Woodruff, T.; Morello-Frosch, R.; Axelrad, D. Toxicol. Ind. Health 1998, 14(3), 429-454.
- California Air Resources Board. ARB Speciation Manual, Second Edition, Volumes 1 and 2; 1991.
- Edgerton, S.; Khalil, M.; Rasmussen, R. J. Environ. Sci.and Health, Part A-Environ. Sci. & Eng. 1985, 20(5), 563-581.
- Harley, R.; Hannigan, M.; Cass, G. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26(12), 2395-2408.
- Harley, R.; Cass, G. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28(1), 88-98.
- Lipari, F.; Dasch, J.; Scruggs, W. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18(5), 326- 330.
- Miller, C.; Srivastava, R.; Ryan, J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 1150- 1158.
- Sagebiel, J.; Zielinska, B.; Pierson, W.; Gertler, A. Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30(12), 2287-2296.
- Hildemann, L.; Markowski, G.; Cass, G. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25(4), 744-759.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Study of Hazardous Air Pollut- ant Emissions from Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Pursuant to Section 112(n)((A) of the Clean Air Act; Scientific Peer Review Draft; Research Triangle Park, NC, 1995.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Support Center for Regulatory Air Models Bulletin Board System, 1990.
- Mahrt, L.J. Atmos. Sci. 1985, 42, 2333-2349.
- Gossard, E.E.; Gayner, J. E.; Zamora, R. J.; Neff, W. D. J. Atmos. Sci. 1985, 42, 2156-2169.
- Nappo, C.J. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 1991, 54, 69-87.
- Grosjean, D. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1991, 41, 56-61.
- Kao, A.S. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1994, 44, 683-696.
- Grosjean, D. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1990, 40, 1397-1402.
- Grosjean, D. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1990, 40, 1522-1531.
- Grosjean, D. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1990, 40, 1664-1668.
- Grosjean, D. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1991, 41, 182-189.
- Grosjean, D. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1991, 41, 306-311.
- Atkinson, R. Chem. Rev. 1986, 85, 69-201.
- Rohde, H. Atmos. Environ. 1980, 14, 1197-1199.
- Lowe, D.C.; Schmidt, U.; Ehhalt, D.H.; Frischkorn, C.G.B.; Nurnberg, H.W. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 818-823.
- Khalil, M.; Rasmussen, R. Atmos. Environ. 1984, 18(9), 1805-1813.
- Panshin, S.; Hites, R. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 2001-2007.
- Platt, U.; Perner, D.; Patz, H.W. J. Geophys. Res. 1979, 84, 6329-6335.
- Singh, H.; Salas, L.; Cantrell, B.; Redmond, R. Atmos. Environ 1985, 19, 1911-1919.
- Wiedmann, T.; Guthner, B.; Class, T.; Ballschmiter, K. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 2321-2329.
- Novelli, P.C.; Steele, L.P.; Tans, P.P. J. Geophys. Res. 1992, 97, 20731- 20750.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Morello-Frosch, R. A., & Jesdale, B. M. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8500 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Windham, G. C., Zhang, L., Gunier, R., Croen, L. A., & Grether, J. K. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9120 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Environmental Justice and Southern California’s “Riskscape”
Morello-Frosch, R. A., Pastor, M., & Sadd, J. L. (2001) · Urban Affairs Review · doi:10.1177/10780870122184993 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Morello-Frosch, R. A., Pastor, M., Porras, C., & Sadd, J. L. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s2149 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Bari, M. A., & Kindzierski, W. B. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.023 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple Airborne Pollutants and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Lam, J., Sutton, P., Kalkbrenner, A., Windham, G., Halladay, A., Koustas, E., Lawler, C., Davidson, L., Daniels, N., Newschaffer, C., et al. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161851 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationHazardous air pollutants and asthma.
Leikauf, G. D. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s4505 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Perinatal exposure to hazardous air pollutants and autism spectrum disorders at age 8
Kalkbrenner, A. E., Daniels, J. L., Chen, J.-C., Poole, C., Emch, M., & Morrissey, J. (2010) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181e65d76 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in Cancer Risk from Air Toxics in Maryland
Apelberg, B. J., Buckley, T. J., & White, R. H. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7609 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Criteria Air Pollutants and Toxic Air Pollutants
Suh, H. H., Bahadori, T., Vallarino, J., & Spengler, J. D. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s4625 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Lead Exposure and Homicide
Stretesky, P. B., & Lynch, M. J. (2001) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.155.5.579 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Payne-Sturges, D. C., Burke, T. A., Breysse, P., Diener-West, M., & Buckley, T. J. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6496 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Differences in exposure assignment between conception and delivery: the impact of maternal mobility
Lupo, P. J., Symanski, E., Chan, W., Mitchell, L. E., Waller, D. K., Canfield, M. A., & Langlois, P. H. (2010) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01096.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Reynolds, P., Behren, J. V., Gunier, R. B., Goldberg, D. E., Hertz, A., & Smith, D. F. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5986 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Carbonyl levels in indoor and outdoor air in Mexico City and Xalapa, Mexico
Baez, A. P., Padilla, H., García, R. M., Torres, M. D. C., Rosas, I., & BELMONT, R. (2003) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00344-3 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Segregation and black/white differences in exposure to air toxics in 1990.
Lopez, R. P. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s2289 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Linder, S. H., Marko, D., & Sexton, K. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es072042u · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Lupo, P. J., Symanski, E., Waller, D. K., Chan, W., Langlois, P. H., Canfield, M. A., & Mitchell, L. E. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1002212 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Who's Minding the Kids? Pollucion, Public Schools, and Environmental Justice in Los Angeles
Pastor, M., Sadd, J. L., & Morello-Frosch, R. A. (2002) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1540-6237.00082 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
McCarthy, M. C., O’Brien, T. E., Charrier, J. G., & Hafner, H. R. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11861 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Sax, S. N., Bennett, D. H., Chillrud, S. N., Kinney, P. L., & Spengler, J. D. (2004) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500364 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Modeling population exposures to outdoor sources of hazardous air pollutants
Özkaynak, H., Palma, T., Touma, J. S., & Thurman, J. (2007) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500612 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Levels and composition of volatile organic compounds on commuting routes in Detroit, Michigan
Batterman, S., Peng, C., & Braun, J. (2002) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00770-7 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Acrolein environmental levels and potential for human exposure
FAROON, O. M., Roney, N., Taylor, J., Ashizawa, A. E., Lumpkin, M., & Plewak, D. (2008) · Toxicology and Industrial Health · doi:10.1177/0748233708098124 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Breathless: Schools, Air Toxics, and Environmental Justice in California
Pastor, M., Morello-Frosch, R. A., & Sadd, J. L. (2006) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2006.00176.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Pastor, M., Sadd, J. L., & Morello-Frosch, R. A. (2004) · Environment and Planning C Government and Policy · doi:10.1068/c009r · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Estimating Cancer Risk from Outdoor Concentrations of Hazardous Air Pollutants in 1990
Woodruff, T. J., Caldwell, J., Cogliano, V. J., & Axelrad, D. A. (2000) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1006/enrs.1999.4021 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationDestaillats, H., Spaulding, R. S., & Charles, M. J. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es011394c · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report
(2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3434783 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Morello-Frosch, R. A., Pastor, M., & Sadd, J. L. (2002) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/000271620258400104 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Danysh, H. E., Mitchell, L. E., Zhang, K., Scheurer, M. E., & Lupo, P. J. (2015) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.25549 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Georgopoulos, P. G., & Lioy, P. J. (2006) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B · doi:10.1080/10937400600755929 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
A human health assessment of hazardous air pollutants in Portland, OR
Tam, B., & Neumann, C. M. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.06.012 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Metallic air pollutants and breast cancer heterogeneity
Kresovich, J. K., Erdal, S., Chen, H. Y., Gann, P. H., Argos, M., & Rauscher, G. H. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108639 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Exposure to Arsenic in urban and rural areas and effects on thyroid hormones
Ciarrocca, M., Tomei, F., Caciari, T., Cetica, C., Andrè, J., Fiaschetti, M., Schifano, M., Scala, B., Scimitto, L., Tomei, G., et al. (2012) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.703251 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Proximity of schools in Detroit, Michigan to automobile and truck traffic
Wu, Y.-C., & Batterman, S. (2006) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500484 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Assessing Health Impact of Air Quality Regulations: Concepts and Methods for Accountability Research
Stitute, I. (2003) · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Estimating Risk from Ambient Concentrations of Acrolein across the United States
Woodruff, T. J., Wells, E. M., Holt, E. W., Burgin, D. E., & Axelrad, D. A. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9467 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationVassilev, Z. P., Robson, M. G., & Klotz, J. B. (2001) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/152873901753246205 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Boscoe, F. P., Ward, M. H., & Reynolds, P. (2004) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/1476-072x-3-28 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Source Proximity and Outdoor-Residential VOC Concentrations: Results from the RIOPA Study
Kwon, J., Weisel, C. P., Turpin, B. J., Zhang, J. J., Korn, L. R., Morandi, M. T., Stock, T. H., & Colome, S. D. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es051828u · Cited by 54 · see citing works
An Assessment of Air Toxics in Minnesota
Pratt, G. C., Palmer, K., Wu, C. Y., Oliaei, F., Hollerbach, C., & Fenske, M. J. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.00108815 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Air Quality Modeling of Hazardous Pollutants: Current Status and Future Directions
Touma, J. S., Isakov, V., Ching, J. K. S., & Seigneur, C. (2006) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464480 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Retinoblastoma and ambient exposure to air toxics in the perinatal period
Heck, J. E., Park, A. S., Qiu, J., Cockburn, M., & Ritz, B. R. (2013) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2013.84 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Whitworth, K. W., Symanski, E., Lai, D., & Coker, A. L. (2011) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-10-21 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Development and analysis of air quality modeling simulations for hazardous air pollutants
Luecken, D. J., Hutzell, W. T., & Gipson, G. L. (2006) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.044 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Gunier, R. B., Horn‐Ross, P. L., Canchola, A. J., Duffy, C., Reynolds, P., Hertz, A., Garcia, E., & Rull, R. P. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1205524 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Chan, C., Shie, R., Chang, T.-Y., & Tsai, D.-H. (2005) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-005-0028-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Anderson, M. J., Miller, S. L., & Milford, J. B. (2001) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500168 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Background Concentrations of 18 Air Toxics for North America
McCarthy, M. C., Hafner, H. R., & Montzka, S. A. (2006) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464436 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chen, H. L., Su, H.-J. J., Liao, P., Chen, C. H., & Lee, C. C. (2003) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.033 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Air Toxics in Relation to Autism Diagnosis, Phenotype, and Severity in a U.S. Family-Based Study
Kalkbrenner, A. E., Windham, G. C., Zheng, C., McConnell, R., Lee, N. L., Schauer, J. J., Thayer, B. P., Pandey, J., & Volk, H. E. (2018) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp1867 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ullerstam, M., Ljungström, E., & Langer, S. (2001) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/b007244n · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sapkota, A., & Buckley, T. J. (2003) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.2003.10466212 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Evaluating the Health Significance of Hazardous Air Pollutants Using Monitoring Data
Kyle, A. D., Wright, C. C., Caldwell, J. C., Buffler, P. A., & Woodruff, T. J. (2001) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50020-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationEthnicity, housing and personal factors as determinants of VOC exposures
D’Souza, J. C., Jia, C., Mukherjee, B., & Batterman, S. (2009) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.017 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Comparing Air Dispersion Model Predictions with Measured Concentrations of VOCs in Urban Communities
Pratt, G. C., Wu, C. Y., Bock, D. C., Adgate, J. L., Ramachandran, G., Stock, T. H., Morandi, M. T., & Sexton, K. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es030638l · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Stoner, A. M., Anderson, S. E., & Buckley, T. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075176 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sapkota, A., Halden, R. U., Dominici, F., Groopman, J. D., & Buckley, T. J. (2006) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.006 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Toxicological Profile for 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
(2002) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420061888_ch19 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sapkota, A., Williams, D. L., & Buckley, T. J. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0489644 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Urban air pollution and health inequities: a workshop report.
American Lung Association (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.109-1240553 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Toxicological profile for acrolein
Ashizawa, A. E., Roney, N., & Taylor, J. (2007) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Fate and transport of emissions for several trace metals over the United States
Hutzell, W. T., & Luecken, D. J. (2008) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.020 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hypospadias Risk from Maternal Residential Exposure to Heavy Metal Hazardous Air Pollutants
White, J. T., Kovar, E. M., Chambers, T. M., Sheth, K. R., Peckham‐Gregory, E. C., O'Neill, M. A., Langlois, P. H., Jorgez, C. J., Lupo, P. J., & Seth, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16060930 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lee, C. C., Chen, H. L., Su, H.-J. J., Guo, Y. L., & Liao, P. C. (2005) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.075 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Zhang, K., & Batterman, S. (2009) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pratt, G. C., Bock, D. C., Stock, T. H., Morandi, M. T., Adgate, J. L., Ramachandran, G., Mongin, S. J., & Sexton, K. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0497328 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Keil, A. P., Buckley, J. P., & Kalkbrenner, A. E. (2021) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwab053 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
deCastro, B. R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096926 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Environmental Justice: Reflections from the United States
Pastor, M. (2007) · Anthem Press eBooks · doi:10.7135/upo9781843313465.015 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Garcia, E., Hurley, S. E., Nelson, D. O., Gunier, R. B., Hertz, A., & Reynolds, P. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2013.835031 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Particulate Air Pollutants, Brain Structure, and Neurocognitive Disorders in Older Women.
Jc, C., Wang, X., Serre, M. L., Cen, S., Franklin, M., & Espeland, M. A. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Swartz, M. D., Cai, Y., Chan, W., Symanski, E., Mitchell, L. E., Danysh, H. E., Langlois, P. H., & Lupo, P. J. (2015) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-14-16 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Interactive Linked Micromap Plots for the Display of Geographically Referenced Statistical Data
Symanzik, J., & Carr, D. B. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33037-0_12 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Danysh, H. E., Mitchell, L., Zhang, K., Scheurer, M., & Lupo, P. (2017) · Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2015.63 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lobscheid, A. B., McKone, T. E., & Vallero, D. A. (2007) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.042 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Model-to-Monitor Evaluation of 2011 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA)
Xue, Z., & Jia, C. (2019) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics7010013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jackson, M. M. (2006) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-006-7573-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ciarrocca, M., Tomei, G., Palermo, P., Caciari, T., Cetica, C., Fiaschetti, M., Gioffrè, P. A., Tasciotti, Z., Tomei, F., & Sancini, A. (2011) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.11.014 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sources of variability in ambient air toxics monitoring data
Bortnick, S. M., & Stetzer, S. L. (2002) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00160-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sheth, K. R., Kovar, E. M., White, J. T., Chambers, T. M., Peckham‐Gregory, E. C., O'Neill, M. A., Langlois, P. H., Seth, A., Scheurer, M. E., Lupo, P. J., et al. (2019) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1461 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lupo, P. J., Lee, L. J., Okcu, M. F., Bondy, M. L., & Scheurer, M. E. (2012) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.24105 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Non-methane hydrocarbon emissions from vehicle fuel caps
Batterman, S., Yu, Y., Jia, C., & Godwin, C. (2005) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.002 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Measurements of carbonyls in a 13-story building
Baez, A. P., Padilla, H. G., García, R. M., Belmont, R., & Torres, M. D. C. B. (2004) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/bf02979660 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
UNMIX Methods Applied to Characterize Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds in Toronto, Ontario
Porada, E., & Szyszkowicz, M. (2016) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics4020011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Strategies for Emission Reduction of Air Pollutants Produced from a Chemical Plant
Lee, B.-K., & Cho, S.-W. (2002) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-002-2789-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Santner, T. J., Craigmile, P. F., Calder, C. A., & Paul, R. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es702338v · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Porada, E., & Kousha, T. (2015) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00509 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Reiss, R., Anderson, E. L., & Lape, J. (2003) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/1539-6924.00383 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Assessment of estimated 1990 air toxics concentrations in urban areas in the United States
Axelrad, D. A., Morello-Frosch, R. A., Woodruff, T. J., & Caldwell, J. C. (1999) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/s1462-9011(99)00036-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationDeveloping Risk-Based Priorities for Reducing Air Pollution in Urban Settings in Ukraine
Brody, M. S., Caldwell, J., & Golub, A. (2007) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287390600885021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Li, H.-W., Afshar‐Mohajer, N., Wu, C., Bonzongo, J. J., Ilacqua, V. A., Choi, Y.-S., & Birky, B. K. (2014) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-014-0294-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Minority faith and environmental justice
Al‐Kohlani, S. A., Campbell, H. E., & El‐Khatib, S. O. (2023) · Politics & Policy · doi:10.1111/polp.12564 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Statistical Visualization of Environmental Data on the Web Using nViZn
Jones, L. (2002) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Trends in air toxics cancer risk in Southern California, 1998-2018
Maestas, M. M., Epstein, S. A., Schulte, N., Li, X., Zhang, X., Lee, S.-M., Polidori, A., Low, J., & Ghosh, J. K. (2024) · Environmental Research Health · doi:10.1088/2752-5309/ad2f09 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Caldwell, J. C., Serdyuk, A., Turos, O. I., Petrosian, A. A., Kartavtsev, O., Леванович, А. С., Golub, A., Борисовна, С. Е., & Brody, M. S. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Protection · doi:10.4236/jep.2013.412169 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
McCarthy, M. C., Mukherjee, A. D., Ogletree, M., Furst, J., Gosselin, M. I., Tigges, M., Thomas, G., & Brown, S. (2020) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2020.1734113 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Recent Developments for Interactive Statistical Graphics on the Web using "nViZn"
Symanzik, J., & Gunter, L. (2002) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Exposures and health risks due to traffic congestion
Zhang, K. (2010) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rosenbaum, A. S., Axelrad, D. A., Woodruff, T. J., Wei, Y.-H., Ligocki, M. P., & Cohen, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- a ICF Consulting , San Rafael , California , USA
- Venue
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-10
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1138-1152
- ISSN
- 1047-3289 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-2247
- 2162-2906
- OpenAlex
- W2047205424
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 9.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Keywords
- hazardous air pollutants, population exposure, aspen, emission source contributions, emission uncertainty, model evaluation, Clean Air Act, air quality modeling
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Models, Theoretical, United States, Hazardous Substances
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
