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Cultural Issues in Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse
Abstract
Cultural norms affect the likelihood that child sexual abuse will be discovered by an adult or disclosed by a child. Cultural norms also affect whether abused children's families will report child sexual abuse to authorities. This article explores the ways ethnic and religious culture affect child sexual abuse disclosure and reporting, both in the United States and internationally. Guidelines for culturally sensitive child abuse interviewing are provided to facilitate disclosures of abuse from culturally diverse children in formal settings.
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“Knowledge on CSA disclosure has been steadily advancing toward a holistic understanding of the complex interplay of individual, familial, contextual, and cultural factors”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Fontes & Plummer, 2010
In the citing paper
“Families with rigidly fixed gender roles, patriarchal attitudes, power imbalances, other forms of child abuse and domestic violence, chaotic family structure, dysfunctional communication, and social isolation have been found to suppress disclosure”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Fontes & Plummer, 2010
In the citing paper
“and using culturally sensitive probes and questions (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Fontes & Plummer, 2010
In the citing paper
“Anecdotal accounts may preclude transferability of findings.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Fontes and Plummer (2010)
In the citing paper
“In a unique study using culturally focused research literature as data triangulated with clinical case material, culturally based belief systems in many cultures have been found to foster family climates that can silence children from disclosing abuse”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Fontes & Plummer, 2010
In the citing paper
“Taboos about sexuality, patriarchal attitudes, and devaluation of women are among some of the cultural barriers that inhibit disclosure”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Fontes & Plummer, 2010
In the citing paper
“Further, barriers in relation to the social world were identified as stigmatization, the negative labeling of sexual abuse victims, and taboos surrounding sexuality and talking about sex as driven by cultural norms (Collin-Vézina et al., 2015; Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Fontes & Plummer, 2010
In the citing paper
“Family relations: Families with a patriarchal structure, rigidly fixed gender roles, dysfunctional communication, other forms of abuse (i.e., domestic violence), and isolation inhibit disclosure”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Fontes & Plummer, 2010
In the citing paper
“Victim testimony attests to the difficulties in disclosing CSA, and CSA disclosure is dependent on numerous factors including the identity of the perpetrator, the perpetrator-victim relationship, and cultural factors (Goodman-Brown et al., 2003; Fontes & Plummer, 2010; McElvaney & Culhane, 2017).”
From Recall of sexual abuse prevention education at school and home: Associations with sexual abuse experience, disclosure, protective parenting, and knowledge (2022) · cites this paper as Fontes & Plummer, 2010
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Items 101–200 of 311
Katz, C., Tener, D., Marmor, A., Lusky-Weisrose, E., & Mordi, H. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520943732 · Cited by 16
“Disclosure under these circumstances could result in censure, blaming, punishment, social rejection, and stigma, and these may be significantly related to cultural background (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundJoleby, M., Landström, S., Lunde, C., & Jonsson, L. S. (2024) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100062 · Cited by 19
The Legacy of Shame following Childhood Sexual Abuse Disclosures
Lateef, R., Alaggia, R., Collin‐Vézina, D., & McElvaney, R. (2023) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2022.2159910 · Cited by 15
“…feelings of shame include sex as a taboo topic, promotion of secrecy within a culture, bringing dishonor and shame to their family, and feeling as though one has defied cultural expectations surrounding sexuality (Brazelton, 2015; Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Gilligan & Akhtar, 2006; Tyagi, 2002).”
BackgroundKhosravi, M., Bakhshani, N., & Kamangar, N. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03290-3 · Cited by 35
“For example, where cultural norms favor males over females, a girl’s report of sexual abuse by a boy or a man may be discounted [46].”
BackgroundEmpowerment or Threat: Perceptions of Childhood Sexual Abuse in the #MeToo Era
de Roos, M. S., & Jones, D. N. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520925781 · Cited by 15
Public Perceptions and the Situation of Males in Early Childhood Settings
Tufan, M. (2018) · doi:10.5897/err2017.3458 · Cited by 15
“It is a major public health concern and a problem that impacts the overall well-being of children across all cultures globally (Fontes and Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundHunter, S. V. (2015) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.1092005 · Cited by 13
“Unfortunately, the act of disclosing CSA alone does not necessarily make children safer or protect them from further maltreatment (Fontes & Plummer, 2010; O’Leary et al., 2010), with some children being accused of lying and punished as a result (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundGill, A. K., & Begum, H. (2023) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azac097 · Cited by 14
Stea, T. H., Steigen, A. M., Dangmann, C. R., Granrud, M. D., & Bonsaksen, T. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16261-y · Cited by 16
“However, prevalence rates of CSA vary between continents with lower rates in Europe than Australia, Africa and North America [9] which may partly be explained by cultural and social differences in disclosure [10].”
BackgroundDorri, A. A., Stone, A. L., Heffington, B. I., Njowo, P. J., Rivera, G. L., Schnarrs, P. W., & Salcido, R. (2023) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/21568693231170901 · Cited by 20
“For example, CSA is not acknowledged in some families despite child disclosure or parental discovery, regardless of the sexual or gender identity of the child (Fontes and Plummer 2010).”
BackgroundMarmor, A., Gemara, N., Lusky-Weisrose, E., & Tener, D. (2022) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12920 · Cited by 14
Subramaniyan, V., Mital, A., Rao, C., & Chandra, G. (2017) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.4103/0253-7176.198957 · Cited by 14
Wadji, D. L., Oe, M., Bartoli, E., Martin-Söelch, C., Pfaltz, M. C., & Langevin, R. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2264119 · Cited by 20
“Certain cultural values (e.g. shame, taboos, respect, and patriarchy) may reduce the likelihood of CM disclosure, increasing the risk of prolonged exposure to abuse and neglect (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundThe body as a site of knowledge: Tacit and embodied narratives of child sexual abuse
Herland, M. (2022) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/14733250221126933 · Cited by 13
“Often, family members ‘ sense ’ that something is wrong, but have dif fi culty identifying or even accepting that abuse might have occurred (Fontes and Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundMarotta, P. L. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211050115 · Cited by 14
“…exposures to traumatic events such as sexual and non-sexual physical violence particularly in hypermasculine settings such as prisons thus introducing the possibility of underreporting in the data (Alaggia, 2005; Artime et al., 2014; Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Sorsoli et al., 2008; Weiss, 2010).”
BackgroundJiménez, G., Becker, Y., Varela, C., García, P., Nuño, M. A., Pérez, M. C., Osorio, A., Jarero, I., & Givaudan, M. (2020) · American Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.11648/j.ajap.20200902.12 · Cited by 13
“Besides socioeconomic status, family background, and abuse characteristics, it is also possible that cultural factors, which influence parenting, attitudes regarding sexuality, and symptom formation may help explain higher levels of sexual symptoms among different ethnic groups [11].”
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Musawwamah, S., Taufiq, M., Hariyanto, E., Supraptiningsih, U., & Maimun, M. (2023) · Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah · doi:10.15408/ajis.v23i1.32014 · Cited by 12
“These practices tend to violate the principles of child safety and welfare protection (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
Norton, E., Hailemeskel, R., Bravo, A. J., Pilatti, A., Kaimner, D., Conway, C., Mezquita, L., & Hogarth, L. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2188563 · Cited by 12
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Lusky‐Weisrose, E. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105325 · Cited by 16
Littleton, H., & DiLillo, D. (2021) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000397 · Cited by 14
İnanici, S. Y., Çelik, E., Hıdıroğlu, S., Özdemir, M., & Inanici, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2020.101972 · Cited by 12
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Characteristics of Child Sexual Assault Within a Child Advocacy Center Client Population
Carlson, F. M., Grassley, J. S., Reis, J., & Davis, K. (2015) · Journal of Forensic Nursing · doi:10.1097/jfn.0000000000000063 · Cited by 12
“Young children may not have the language or the cognitive developmental skills to understand or describe what happened to them (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundTian, T., Katz, I., & Shang, X. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11060688 · Cited by 10
“While this study contributes valuable insights, caution is warranted in generalising the findings to the broader population of CSA survivors.”
BackgroundNovel Forms of Reluctance Among Suspected Child Sexual Abuse Victims in Adolescence
Nogalska, A. M., Henderson, H. M., Cho, S. J., & Lyon, T. D. (2022) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595221104828 · Cited by 10
“In doing so, however, we may have overlooked cases in which adolescents were particularly reluctant given their cultural background or immigrant status (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundLusky‐Weisrose, E., Fleishman, T., & Tener, D. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211028370 · Cited by 10
“Finally, in relation to legitimacy, many studies on CSA address the impact of social and cultural expectations on CSA disclosure patterns (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundLipinsky, A. S., & Goldner, L. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211021982 · Cited by 11
“Individuals who are informed of CSA or have suspicions need to weigh the pros and cons of reporting their concerns to others or handling the abuse themselves (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundMathews, B., Bromfield, L., & Walsh, K. (2020) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci9050075 · Cited by 16
“Rigorous research has illuminated a range of factors influencing non-disclosure and delayed disclosure, with these factors related to the child, to the offender, and to society (Collin-Vézina et al. 2015; Fontes and Plummer 2010).”
BackgroundDisclosure of child sexual abuse: Directions for breaking new ground
Easton, S. D. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104287 · Cited by 12
Nguyễn, T. H., Anh, L., Peltzer, K., Pengpid, S., Low, W., & Win, H. (2017) · doi:10.5723/csac.2017.7.1.015 · Cited by 11
Ethnic differences in help-seeking behaviour following child sexual abuse: a multi-method study
Okur, P., van der Knaap, L. M., & Bogaerts, S. (2016) · Culture, Health and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2015.1062144 · Cited by 11
“Cultural attitudes concerning shame, taboos and modesty, women’s status, honour and patriarchy (phase 2) may impede help seeking after child sexual abuse (Fontes and Plummer 2010; Nguyen 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Single-Case Study of Resiliency After Extreme Incest in an Old Order Amish Family
McGuigan, W. M., & Stephenson, S. (2015) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.1042182 · Cited by 11
“(Fontes & Plummer, 2010, p. 497).”
Child Sexual Behavior Inventory: A Comparison Between Latino and Normative Samples of Preschoolers
Kenny, M. C., & Wurtele, S. K. (2013) · Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.652265 · Cited by 11
“Indeed, sex education in Puerto Rican families has been described as, “ Chiton! De eso no se habla! ” (“Hush! We don't speak about that!"; Fontes & Plummer, 2010 , p.”
BackgroundRacial Disproportionality and Disparities Among Latinx Children
Johnson‐Motoyama, M., Phillips, R., & Beer, O. W. J. (2020) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54314-3_5 · Cited by 11
Hunt, G. R., Mathews, B., Higgins, D. J., David Finkelhor, B., Willis, M. L., Haslam, D. M., Lawrence, D. M., Meinck, F., Thomas, H. J., Malacova, E., et al. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106946 · Cited by 18
Shoib, S., Amanda, T. W., Saeed, F., Armiya’u, A. Y., Patel, V., Chandradasa, M., & Berardis, D. D. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100066 · Cited by 15
An Exploration of Coping with Childhood Sexual Abuse in Arab American Women
Timraz, S., Lewin, L., Giurgescu, C., & Kavanaugh, K. (2018) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1538174 · Cited by 10
Adeosun, I. (2015) · International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal · doi:10.9734/indj/2015/19291 · Cited by 10
Tishelman, A., & Geffner, R. (2010) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2010.523514 · Cited by 10
“Fontes and Plummer (2010) present an excellent summary of many of the salient cultural factors relevant to child and adolescent disclosures of CSA, while Cromer and Goldsmith (this issue) discuss inaccuracies regarding CSA that are, nonetheless, accessible and promulgated through the Internet.”
BackgroundInfluentialChildhood Maltreatment and Somatic Symptoms in Adulthood: Establishing a New Research Pathway
Lüönd, A., Ayas, G., Bachem, R., Carranza-Neira, J., Eberle, D., Fares-Otero, N., Hashim, M., Iqbal, N., Jenkins, D., Songhorabadi, S. K., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000543438 · Cited by 9
“There may also be barriers to reporting mal-treatment due to concerns about family reputation or cultural norms that discourage speaking out against authorities [74].”
Gürsoy, M. Y., & Mechmet, F. C. (2023) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12416 · Cited by 9
Jabeen, T. (2021) · International Journal on Child Maltreatment Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s42448-021-00095-5 · Cited by 9
“The fourth reason includes cultural norms around shame, modesty, sexual scripts, and virginity (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialKlebanov, B., & Katz, C. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211016351 · Cited by 9
“…in the ethnoreligious context (Katz et al., 2020a), despite the developing notion that it is a core component in understanding, addressing, and preventing abuse (e.g., Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Fontes et al., 2011; Graham et al., 2016; Haboush & Alyan, 2013; Reid et al., 2017; Wang & Heppner, 2011).”
BackgroundSawrikar, P. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105641 · Cited by 9
Incidence of Self-Esteem Among Children Exposed to Sexual Abuse in Kenya
Mutavi, T. N., Obondo, A., Mathai, M. A., Kokonya, D., & Dako‐Gyeke, M. (2018) · Global Social Welfare · doi:10.1007/s40609-017-0107-3 · Cited by 8
“Besides, cultural practices may hinder the families of children exposed to sexual abuse from reporting such incidents to law enforcement agencies (Bridgewater 2016; Fontes and Plummer 2010).”
Okeafor, C. U., Okeafor, I., & Tobin-West, C. (2016) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063216672172 · Cited by 11
“Also, the stigma, fear of being blamed, and a desire to keep the abuse secret make disclosure uncommon (Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Goodman-Brown, Edelstein, Goodman, Jones, & Gordon, 2003; Lalor, 2004).”
BackgroundCultural Issues in Child Sexual Abuse Intervention and Prevention
Fontes, L. A., & Plummer, C. A. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118094822.ch22 · Cited by 10
Self-citationReview of Psychometrics of Forensic Interview Protocols with Children
Cirlugea, O., & O'Donohue, W. (2016) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21097-1_13 · Cited by 9
Tao, Y. (2024) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-024-10271-7 · Cited by 7
“Fontes and Plummer (2010) identified cultural factors that inhibit children’s disclosure, including shame, taboos, sexual scripts, gender roles, virginity, retributive violence, and patriarchy.”
Attrash-Najjar, A., Cohen, N., Glucklich, T., & Katz, C. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106144 · Cited by 12
Children’s needs during disclosures of abuse
Ettinger, T. (2022) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-022-00397-6 · Cited by 12
“Numerous factors can interfere with children’s effective disclosure of abuse during the forensic interview (Fontes and Plummer 2010).”
BackgroundMcPhillips, K., McEwan, T., Death, J., & Richards, K. (2022) · Religion and Gender · doi:10.1163/18785417-01201008 · Cited by 10
Hindi, I., Mordi, H., Tener, D., & Katz, C. (2022) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106488 · Cited by 9
Szyfer, A., & Goldner, L. (2021) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2021.1918307 · Cited by 8
“In this context, reporting abuse outside the community to state institutions is often interpreted as a betrayal of family cohesion and akin to treason (Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Katzenstein & Fontes, 2017).”
BackgroundCody, C., & D’Arcy, K. (2019) · Child Care in Practice · doi:10.1080/13575279.2017.1391749 · Cited by 8
“The cultural taboo that exists in some communities surrounding sexual violence may prevent children from disclosing abuse (Cody, 2015a; Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Gilligan & Akhtar, 2005).”
BackgroundWubs, D., Batstra, L., & Grietens, H. W. E. (2017) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2017.1390716 · Cited by 8
“…as conversations about sex, sexuality, and sexual abuse are embedded in cultural values and beliefs on a macrolevel of a society as well as on a the microlevel of a family (Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Jensen, 2005), again foster family members and their foster children need to adapt to one another.”
BackgroundChien, M.-H. (2013) · Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work · doi:10.1080/15313204.2013.843137 · Cited by 7
Unpacking norms shaping disclosure of intrafamilial child sexual abuse
Mensah, F., Abdullah, A., & Cudjoe, E. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00286-4 · Cited by 7
“These social norms include societal attitudes that promote hypermasculinity, objectification of women, patriarchal beliefs, and an emphasis on the importance of women’s virginity [9, 34].”
Comparing the Demographic Characteristics of Victims of Sexual Assault in Rural Versus Urban Areas
Salt, E. G., Erickson, I., Wiggins, A. T., Borders, T. F., Curtsinger, C., Wallace, A., & Rayens, M. K. (2023) · Journal of Forensic Nursing · doi:10.1097/jfn.0000000000000467 · Cited by 8
Rohner, S. L., Castillo, A. N. S., Michel, J., Maercker, A., Carr, A., & Thoma, M. (2023) · Journal of Family Trauma, Child Custody & Child Development · doi:10.1080/26904586.2023.2177234 · Cited by 7
Disclosing Sexual Assault: Understanding the Culture of Nondisclosure
Barrios, V. R., & Caspi, J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_192-1 · Cited by 4
Khanjari, S., Salahi, E., Zarei, K., Ranjbar, F., Haghani, H., & Ghassemi, A. E. (2021) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2721 · Cited by 7
Public Attitudes Toward Institutional Child Sexual Abuse in Israel: The Case of Malka Leifer
Lusky-Weisrose, E., Marmor, A., & Tener, D. (2021) · Sexual abuse. A Journal of Research and Treatment · doi:10.1177/10790632211000368 · Cited by 7
“Studies on the cultural aspects of CSA indicate how sociocultural contexts shape the perception of the abuse and the responses to its disclosure and its implications for all involved (Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Graham et al., 2016; Seville, 2011).”
BackgroundRoberts, S. (2020) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2020.1841351 · Cited by 9
“Yet, the potential for non-supportive responses to disclosure to impact negatively on victims (Fontes & Plummer, 2010) should also be acknowledged, for some report not being believed, or that their situation worsened following telling (Barter, 2003).”
BackgroundÇEVRİMİÇİ ÇOCUK İSTİSMARI RİSKİ ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNE UYARLANMASI
Aktu, Y. (2024) · Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute · doi:10.30794/pausbed.1431239 · Cited by 6
Gemara, N., Sharabani, M., & Rozenfeld-Tzafar, N. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106602 · Cited by 6
Sigad, L. I., Shehadeh, K., Lusky‐Weisrose, E., & Tener, D. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231212419 · Cited by 7
“While the definition and understanding of CSA are far from uniform across cultures (Fontes & Plummer, 2010), Israel officially and procedurally has adopted the WHO’s classification of CSA.”
BackgroundKlebanov, B., & Katz, C. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221128055 · Cited by 6
“Recent studies have discussed the challenges and difficulties experienced by children from these minority cultural contexts during forensic interviews (Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Katz et al., 2022).”
BackgroundDanaeifar, M., Arshi, M., Ostadhashemi, L., & Moghanibashi‐Mansourieh, A. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs-129326 · Cited by 7
“The findings have highlighted the importance of the taboo of child sexual abuse and keeping child sexual abuse secret among children and their families (8, 29).”
BackgroundSilent screams: Listening to and making meaning from the voices of abused children
Iorfa, S., Effiong, J. E., Apejoye, A., Johri, T., Isaiah, U. S., Eche, G. O., & Ottu, I. F. A. (2022) · Child: Care, Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12975 · Cited by 6
“Research has shown that shame is negatively correlated with disclosing (Cermak & Molidor, 1996; Correa & Nuñez, 2010; Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundSibling Sexual Abuse: A Knowledge and Practice Overview
Yates, P., & Allardyce, S. (2021) · doi:10.47117/phls7094 · Cited by 6
“Taboos and silencing within certain cultures may present additional barriers to, and particular consequences of, disclosure (Fontes and Plummer, 2010).”
Ogunjimi, A. I., de Oliveira, W., Ventura, C. A. A., Silva, J. L. A. D., & Silva, M. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519897329 · Cited by 6
“In Africa, particularly Nigeria, children are generally classed to have fewer rights than adults, with expectations to believe, obey, and respect commands, wishes, and interests of parents and other elderly ones even if they are not a family member (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundSofuoğlu, Z., Nalbantcilar, S. C., Oral, R., & İnce, B. (2018) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12427 · Cited by 6
Crisp, B., Epstein, S. B., Afrouz, R., & Taket, A. (2018) · doi:10.1108/ijhrh-09-2017-0044 · Cited by 6
Anderson, G. D., Anderson, J. N., & Krippner, M. (2016) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1194356 · Cited by 6
Child Sexual Abuse: Current Evidence, Clinical Practice, and Policy Directions
Hinds, T., & Giardino, A. (2020) · SpringerBriefs in Public Health · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52549-1 · Cited by 6
“Boys often fear stigmatization (Alaggia, 2010; Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialFan, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Q., Zhao, X., Zhou, Y., & Liu, L. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.111 · Cited by 5
Kamke, K., Kirkner, A., & Goodman, K. L. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106959 · Cited by 6
Child sexual abuse in Vietnam: A review of prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies
Nguyen, M. L. T., & Mai, L. H. (2024) · Multidisciplinary Reviews · doi:10.31893/multirev.2024269 · Cited by 5
“The stigma associated with CSA, as well as the fear of not being believed or blamed, make it more difficult to report abuse (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
BackgroundFix, R. L., Holliday, C. N., Alexander, K. A., & Powell, T. W. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02466-6 · Cited by 5
Khosravi, M., & Adibi, A. (2022) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-021-00430-5 · Cited by 5
Biss, D. C., & Geist‐Martin, P. (2021) · Women s Studies in Communication · doi:10.1080/07491409.2021.1959470 · Cited by 4
“One problem that needs to be addressed here is research that suggests how there is a norm of “not talking about it” in different cultural groups (Fontes & Plummer, 2010; Lira, Koss, & Russo, 1999).”
BackgroundÇOCUĞA YÖNELİK CİNSEL İSTİSMARIN AÇIĞA VURULMA SÜRECİ HAKKINDA BİR DERLEME
Aslan, G. G. (2020) · Toplum ve sosyal hizmet(Online)/Toplum ve sosyal hizmet · doi:10.33417/tsh.718306 · Cited by 9
Kebede, W., & Belay, S. (2020) · International Social Work · doi:10.1177/0020872820959356 · Cited by 5
“Fontes and Plummer (2010) report, ‘[c]ertain issues such as shame; taboos and modesty; sexual scripts; virginity; women’s status; obligatory violence; honour; respect, and patriarchy; and others, that present differently and are weighted heavily in various cultures may silence disclosure of CSA’…”
BackgroundRoles of Emotional Reactions and Potency in Coping with Abusive Experiences of Indian Adolescent
Bhattacharyya, A., Lev‐Wiesel, R., & Banerjee, M. (2020) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-020-00312-2 · Cited by 8
The Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Adolescence in Suriname
van der Kooij, I. W., Bipat, S., Nieuwendam, J., Lindauer, R., & Graafsma, T. L. G. (2018) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1538176 · Cited by 6
“It should be noted that there have been studies that suggest some ethnic groups are more likely to disclose abuse than others, but this has yet to be confirmed (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
Hinds, T. S., & Giardino, A. P. (2020) · SpringerBriefs in public health · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52549-1_3
Issues Around Aligning Theory, Research and Practice in Social Work Education
Makhubele, J. C., & Blitz, L. V. (2018) · Knowledge pathing · doi:10.4102/aosis.2018.bk76 · Cited by 14
Asaolu, A. A., & Oladepo, O. (2026) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251414438 · Cited by 5
Ali, U., Imran, N., & Khan, M. S. A. (2025) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0004285 · Cited by 5
Psycho-social Professionals’ Perceptions of Sibling Sexual Abuse
Itzick, M., Possick, C., & Rosenberg, Z. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-023-00950-z · Cited by 4
“…has led to sometimes confusing sexual mores, children’s exposure to explicit sexual behavior in the media, and the sexualization of children (Shtarkshall et al., 2007), factors which have been found to influence children’s’ inappropriate sexual behavior, including SSA (Fontes & Plummer, 2010).”
Wilhsson, M., da Silva, E. H. S., Löf, S., & Larsson, M. (2023) · British Journal of Child Health · doi:10.12968/chhe.2023.4.3.122 · Cited by 4
Criteria‐Based Content Analysis in Child Sexual Abuse Cases: A Cross‐Cultural Perspective
Cacuci, S.-A., Bull, R., Huang, C., & Visu-Petra, L. (2021) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2733 · Cited by 4
Al-Matrooshi, A. M., Gilani, S. R. S., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2021) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-021-00216-4 · Cited by 7
First Approach to Abused Children by Health and Educational Professionals
Moreira, D. S., Fávero, M., Oliveira, S., Ribeiro, F. N., Sousa‐Gomes, V., Moreira, D. S., & Magalhães, T. (2020) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000412 · Cited by 4
Tekrarlanan Cinsel İstismar Mağduriyeti ve Okul Ortamında Yapılması Gerekenler
Koçtürk, N. (2019) · İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.15869/itobiad.530754 · Cited by 4
Implications of Silence in the Face of Child Sexual Abuse: Observations from Yenagoa, Nigeria.
Ebuenyi, I., Chikezie, U. E., & Dariah, G. O. (2018) · African Journal of Reproductive Health · doi:10.29063/ajrh2018/v22i2.9 · Cited by 4
Sawrikar, P. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819434-8.00028-3 · Cited by 8
Sofuoğlu, Z., & Cankardas, S. (2018) · Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital · doi:10.5222/buchd.2018.77045 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Fontes, L. A., & Plummer, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fontes, Lisa Aronson
- Venue
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-09-30
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 491-518
- ISSN
- 1053-8712 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-0679
- OpenAlex
- W2037414489
- Cited by
- 409
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 6.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, disclosure, cultural norms, ethnic culture, religious culture, reporting to authorities, multicultural children, child abuse investigation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child Behavior, Child Health Services, Child Welfare, Communication Barriers, Cultural Characteristics, Ethnicity, Family Relations, Humans, Social Perception, United States, Global Health, Disclosure
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