Reporting possible sexual abuse: A qualitative study on children's perspectives and the context for disclosure
Abstract
Objective The present study investigated the context in which children were able to report their child sexual abuse experiences and the children's views as to what made it difficult to talk about abuse and what helped them in the disclosing process. The aim was to study disclosures as they were occurring in their natural settings. Method Data were obtained from therapeutic sessions and follow-up interviews from 20 families with 22 children. These children had said something that made their caregivers concerned about ongoing child sexual abuse. Qualitative analysis was conducted to capture the children's and caregiver's perspectives of the disclosure process. Results The children felt it was difficult to find situations containing enough privacy and prompts that they could share their experiences. They also were sensitive to others reactions, and whether their disclosures would be misinterpreted. When the children did disclose they did it in situations where the theme of child sexual abuse was in some form addressed or activated. The results indicate that disclosure is a fundamentally dialogical process that becomes less difficult if the children perceive that there is an opportunity to talk, and a purpose for speaking, and a connection has been established to what they are talking about. Conclusions It is difficult for children to initiate a conversation about something secret, confusing and distressful, and where there are few conversational routines in a family for talking…
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Dialogical contexts about CSA for children and youth can provide opportunities for discussion that may facilitate disclosures.
“To elaborate, dialogical contexts about CSA for children and youth can provide opportunities for discussion that may facilitate disclosures (Jensen et al., 2005).”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen et al., 2005
Family members and friends (peers) of the child victim can act as key supports to creating an open relational context and fostering positive responses.
“Further, family members and friends (peers) of the child victim can act as key supports to creating an open relational context and fostering positive responses (Jensen et al., 2005; Priebe & Svedin, 2008; Schönbucher et al., 2012; Ungar et al., 2009b).”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen et al., 2005
In Jensen et al. (2005), the children felt it was difficult to find situations containing enough privacy and prompts that they could share their experiences.
“The children felt it was difficult to find situations containing enough privacy and prompts that they could share their experiences.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
In Jensen et al. (2005), several of the children perceived negative consequences as major factors contributing to delaying disclosure, and they were primarily concerned about negative effects for the mother.
“Several of the children perceived negative consequences as major factors contributing to delaying disclosure. They were primarily concerned about negative effects for the mother.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
In Jensen et al. (2005), 17 told their mothers first, 3 first told a friend, 1 told their father, and 1 their uncle.
“17 told their mothers first, 3 first told a friend, 1 told their father, and 1 their uncle.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
In Jensen et al. (2005), the majority of remarks that led to the suspicion of CSA were made in situations where someone engaged the child in a dialogue about what was bothering them, resulting in a referral.
“Majority of remarks that led to the suspicion of CSA were made in situations where someone engaged the child in a dialogue about what was bothering them, resulting in a referral.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
In Jensen et al. (2005), children exposed to repetitive abuse kept this as a secret for up to several years.
“Children exposed to repetitive abuse kept this as a secret for up to several years;”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
In Jensen et al. (2005), the mothers said they were also sensitive to the children's feelings, and if their children showed signs of distress and did not want to talk, the mothers would change the subject or not pursue the topic further.
“The mothers said they were also sensitive to the children’s feelings. If their children showed signs of distress and did not want to talk, the mothers would change the subject or not pursue the topic further”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
The results of Jensen et al. (2005) indicate that disclosure is a fundamentally dialogical process that becomes less difficult if children perceive that there is an opportunity to talk, a purpose for speaking, and a connection has been established to what they are talking about.
“The results indicate that disclosure is a fundamentally dialogical process that becomes less difficult if children perceive that there is an opportunity to talk, a purpose for speaking and a connection has been established to what they are talking about.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
In Jensen et al. (2005), the children were sensitive to others' reactions and whether their disclosures would be misinterpreted.
“They also were sensitive to others reactions, and whether their disclosures would be misinterpreted.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
In Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005), none of the children told of abuse immediately after it occurred.
“None of the children told of abuse immediately after it occurred.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
In Jensen et al. (2005), when the children did disclose, they did it in situations where the topic of child sexual abuse was in some form addressed or activated, where someone recognized the child's cues and probed further.
“When the children did disclose they did it in situations where the topic of child sexual abuse was in some form addressed or activated, where someone recognized the child’s cues and probed further.”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen, Gulbrandsen, Mossige, Reichelt, and Tjersland (2005)
Disclosures are more likely to occur within a dialogical context activated by discussions of abuse or prevention forums providing information about sexual abuse.
“Moreover, this and other studies strongly suggest disclosures are more likely to occur within a dialogical context—activated by discussions of abuse or prevention forums providing information about sexual abuse”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016) (2019) · cites this paper as Jensen et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Jensen, T. K., Gulbrandsen, W., Mossige, S., Reichelt, S., & Tjersland, O. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, Tine K.
- Venue
- Child Abuse & Neglect
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1395-1413
- ISSN
- 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979601886
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, disclosure, children's perspectives, privacy, caregiver reactions, family conversation, dialogic process, fear of consequences, treatment sessions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child, Preschool, Confidentiality, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Truth Disclosure, Caregivers
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