What’s love got to do with it? Exploring the impact of maintenance rules, love attitudes, and network support on friends with benefits relationships
Abstract
Friends with benefits relationships (FWBRs) are defined as relationships between cross‐sex friends in which the friends engage in sexual activity but do not define their relationship as romantic. Relationship scholars have only recently begun to examine these relationships, despite their mention in the popular media (e.g., HBO's ‘Sex in the City,’ MTV's ‘True Life,’ ‘Seinfeld,’ and the New York Times). This study explored the relationship between FWBRs and maintenance rules, love attitudes, and network communication and support. Respondents (N = 143) completed self‐report surveys in which they described their FWBRs, their perceived rules for maintenance, perceptions of same‐sex network communication and support, and the current status of their FWBRs. They also completed the short form of the love attitude scale (Hendrick, Hendrick, & Dicke, Citation1998). The findings suggest that people tend to communicate their FWBR experiences to their same‐sex friends and, in general, receive supportive responses. Although attitudes toward love (e.g., agape) did not impact rules for maintenance of FWBRs, attitudes toward love did influence motivations for FWBRs and the outcomes of these relationships.
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Some features of romantic and sexual relationships (e.g., poor quality relationships, breakups) are strongly associated with adolescent mental health outcomes, ranging from depressive symptoms, particularly in girls, to self-harm and suicide risk.
“Some features of romantic and sexual relationships (e.g., poor quality relationships, breakups) are strongly associated with adolescent mental health outcomes.(113) This ranges from depressive symptoms, particularly in girls,(109,114) to self-harm and suicide risk.(115–117)”
From Puberty Initiates Cascading Relationships Between Neurodevelopmental, Social, and Internalizing Processes Across Adolescence (2021) · cites this paper as [109]
Particularly for girls, romantic relationships are initially associated with increased internalizing symptoms, because they are new and stressful experiences.
“Particularly for girls, romantic relationships are initially associated with increased internalizing symptoms, because they are new and stressful experiences.(109)”
From Puberty Initiates Cascading Relationships Between Neurodevelopmental, Social, and Internalizing Processes Across Adolescence (2021) · cites this paper as [109]
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Jovanović, J., & Williams, J. C. (2017) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-017-9483-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Queering Hookup Motives in a Diverse Sample of LGBTQ+ Young Adults
Snapp, S. D., Ching, T. H. W., Miranda-Ramirez, M. A., Gallik, C. L., Duenaz, U., & Watson, R. J. (2023) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2023.2183175 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Are you really just friends? Predicting the audience challenge in cross‐sex friendships
SCHOONOVER, K., & McEwan, B. L. (2014) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12040 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Predicting Responses to Bids for Sexual and Romantic Escalation in Cross-Sex Friendships
Akbulut, V., & Weger, H. (2015) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2015.1066296 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The intimacies of young people’s sexual health and pleasure
Byron, P. (2016) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2016.1217319 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Klinger, L. G. (2016) · Language arts journal of Michigan · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Amigos con beneficios”: salud sexual y estilos de apego de hombres y mujeres
Serrán, H. G., Universidad de Almería, S., Ayala, E. S., & Universidad de Almería, S. (2016) · Saúde e Sociedade · doi:10.1590/s0104-12902016151111 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Kowal, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_734-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dibble, J. L., Drouin, M. A., & Punyanunt-Carter, N. M. (2019) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2019.1683530 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Examining Rules in Friends with Benefits Relationships
van Raalte, L. J., Bednarchik, L. A., Generous, M. A., & Mongeau, P. A. (2021) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02114-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Friends with Benefits in Puerto Rican College Students
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The Role of Friends and Peers in Emerging Adults’ Sexual Behavior
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The Romantic Ideal of Men and Women Involved in the Relationship of Friends with Benefits
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- Authors
- Hughes, M., Morrison, K., & Asada, K. J. K.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- ORCID
- Morrison, Kelly
- Venue
- Western Journal of Communication
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-66
- ISSN
- 1057-0314 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1027
- OpenAlex
- W1982529238
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Western Journal of Communication (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Marriage and Sexual Relationships
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- friends with benefits, attitudes toward love, agape, social support, relationship motivation, relationship outcomes
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