β-cyclodextrin chitosan-based hydrogels with tunable pH-responsive properties for controlled release of acyclovir: design, characterization, safety, and pharmacokinetic evaluation
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In this work, series of pH-responsive hydrogels (FMA1–FMA9) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as potential carrier for oral delivery of an antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV). Different proportions of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), chitosan (CS), methacrylic acid (MAA) and N′ N′-methylenebis-acrylamide (MBA) were used to fabricate hydrogels via free radical polymerization technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed fabrication of new polymeric network, with successful incorporation of ACV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated presence of slightly porous structure. Thermal analysis indicated enhanced thermal stability of polymeric network. Swelling studies were carried out at 37 °C in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The drug release data was found best fit to zero-order kinetics. The preliminary investigation of developed hydrogels showed a pH-dependent swelling behavior and drug release pattern. Acute oral toxicity study indicated no significant changes in behavioral, clinical, or histopathological parameters of Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic study indicated that developed hydrogels caused a significant increase in oral bioavailability of ACV in rabbit plasma as compared to oral suspension when both were administered at a single oral dose of 20 mg kg−1 bodyweight. Hence, developed hydrogel formulation could be used as potential candidate for controlled drug delivery of an antiviral drug acyclovir.
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Wrinkled surfaces with cracks may result from partial collapsing of the hydrogel network during the drying process.
“Wrinkled surfaces with cracks may result from the partial collapsing of the hydrogel network during the drying process (Malik et al., 2021).”
From A novel pH-responsive hydrogel system based on Prunus armeniaca gum and acrylic acid: Preparation and evaluation as a potential candidate for controlled drug delivery. (2023) · cites this paper as Malik et al., 2021
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- Authors
- Malik, N. S., Ahmad, M., Alqahtani, M. S., Mahmood, A., Barkat, K., Khan, M. T., Tulain, U. R., & Rashid, A.
- Affiliations
- Capital University of Science and Technology (PK)
- University of Central Punjab (PK)
- King Saud University (SA)
- Al Ain University (AE)
- University of Lahore (PK)
- University of Sargodha (PK)
- The Women University Multan (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmad, Mahmood
- ORCID
- Venue
- Drug Delivery
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1093-1108
- ISSN
- 1071-7544 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-0464
- PMC
- PMC8205001
- OpenAlex
- W3170780249
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2024-09-24)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Drug Delivery (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- β-cyclodextrin, chitosan, hydrogels, pH-responsive drug delivery, acyclovir, controlled release, oral bioavailability, antiviral agents, swelling behavior, pharmacokinetics, acute oral toxicity, radical polymerization, drug carriers
- MeSH terms
- Acrylamides, Acyclovir, Animals, Antiviral Agents, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Delayed-Action Preparations, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Methacrylates, Rabbits, Surface Properties, Drug Delivery Systems, Rats, Wistar, Area Under Curve, Hydrogels, beta-Cyclodextrins, Chitosan, Rats, Drug Liberation
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