Ergogenic Attributes of Young and Mature Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) Water Based on Physical Properties, Sugars and Electrolytes Contents
Open accessAbstract
The present work aimed to compare the main ergogenic attributes of two commercialized stages (young and mature) of coconut water (CW) obtained from four coconut varieties. The changes of electrolytes and sugars in CW upon maturation were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Based on the electrolyte profiling, potassium yielded the highest amount (ranging from 237.41 to 361.20 mg/100 mL) followed by sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, selenium, and zinc across all the maturity stages tested. For sugars, there were lower amounts of fructose and glucose, but a higher amount of sucrose with the maturation of the fruits. In conclusion, the amount of beneficial nutrients in the form of sugars and minerals was higher than that of young CW, and the ergogenic attributes of mature CW especially from MATAG variety (M-MATAG) were the best to be exploited further in the development of natural energy drinks.
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Coconut water is rich in simple sugars and other carbohydrates.
“This fluid is rich in simple sugars and other carbohydrates [21, 22].”
From Nutritional composition and bioactive properties of tropical coconut palm fruit with functional food applications (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
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“It has been reported that the level of natural sweetness in CW is mainly due to the presence of sugars which account for approximately 3–7% of the TSS.([11,22,26]) Aside from contributing to the sweet taste of CW, sugars are also important as a source of ergogenic aid since it is the main source of energy for humans.”
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- Authors
- Halim, H. H., Williams Dee, E., Pak Dek, M. S., Hamid, A. A., Ngalim, A., Saari, N., & Jaafar, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Jaafar, Ahmad Haniff
- Venue
- International Journal of Food Properties
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2378-2389
- ISSN
- 1094-2912 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2386
- OpenAlex
- W2893940568
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Food Properties (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (IPS-9518300)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Coconut Research and Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food Science and Nutritional Studies
- Keywords
- coconut water, Cocos nucifera, fruit maturity, electrolytes, mineral content, sugar, sucrose, fructose, glucose, potassium, energy drinks
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