The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor
Abstract
Almost two decades into the new millennium, it is unlikely that the use of digital technologies will slow in any significant way, particularly in the public sector. As local and regional public age...
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Dilemmas in a general theory of planning
Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973) · Policy Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01405730 · Cited by 16,338 · cited 1×
“Public agencies in the United States have a history of simultaneously attempting to mitigate wicked problems (Rittel & Webber, 1973), while unfortunately perpetuating their existence.”
BackgroundStreet-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services
Lipsky, M. (1981) · Michigan Law Review · doi:10.2307/1288305 · Cited by 8,981
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 10.7758/9781610446631 · DOI
- O’Leary R, 2006, The ethics of dissent: Managing guerilla government
Cited by
Algorithms at Work: The New Contested Terrain of Control
Kellogg, K. C., Valentine, M. A., & Christin, A. (2020) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2018.0174 · Cited by 2,732
Fairness and Abstraction in Sociotechnical Systems
Selbst, A. D., Boyd, D., Friedler, S. A., Venkatasubramanian, S., & Vertesi, J. (2019) · Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3287560.3287598 · Cited by 1,631
Potential Biases in Machine Learning Algorithms Using Electronic Health Record Data
Gianfrancesco, M. A., Tamang, S., Yazdany, J., & Schmajuk, G. (2018) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3763 · Cited by 1,395
What Do Platforms Do? Understanding the Gig Economy
Vallas, S., & Schor, J. B. (2020) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054857 · Cited by 1,354
Consumers and artificial intelligence: An experiential perspective
Puntoni, S., Reczek, R. W., Giesler, M., & Botti, S. (2021) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/0022242920953847 · Cited by 1,547
Metadata
- Authors
- Lebovits, H.
- Venue
- Public Integrity
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-10-15
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 448-452
- ISSN
- 1099-9922 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0989
- OpenAlex
- W2897702578
- Cited by
- 3,279
- References
- 2
- Type
- book review
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/10999922.2018.1511671
- The paper
- Lebovits, H. (2019). Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. Public Integrity. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1511671
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
