The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
GS-0976 (Firsocostat): an investigational liver-directed acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: De novo lipogenesis (DNL) plays a major role in fatty acid metabolism and contributes significantly to triglyceride accumulation within the hepatocytes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl CoA and is a rate-controlling step in DNL. Furthermore, malonyl-CoA is an important regulator of hepatic mitochondrial fat oxidation through its ability to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Therefore, inhibiting ACC pharmacologically represents an attractive approach to treating NASH.Areas covered: This article summarizes preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy and safety of the liver-targeted ACC inhibitor GS-0976 (Firsocostat) for the treatment of NASH. In a phase 2 trial that included 126 patients with NASH and fibrosis, GS-0976 20 mg daily for 12 weeks showed significant relative reduction in liver fat by 29%; however, treatment was associated with an increase in plasma triglycerides with 16 patients having levels >500 mg/dL.Expert opinion: Preclinical and preliminary clinical data support the development of GS-0976 as treatment for NASH. ACC-induced hypertriglyceridemia can be mitigated by fish oil or fibrates, but the long-term cardiovascular effects require further investigations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid receptor that inhibits lipogenesis and bile acid synthesis while acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a catalyst for the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl coenzyme A to produce malonyl-CoA, the rate limiting step for de novo lipogenesis in the liver.53,54”
From Management of type 2 diabetes, obesity, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with high‐dose GLP‐1 receptor agonists and GLP‐1 receptor‐based co‐agonists (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“ACC also impairs β-oxidation of fatty acids.53”
From Management of type 2 diabetes, obesity, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with high‐dose GLP‐1 receptor agonists and GLP‐1 receptor‐based co‐agonists (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Younossi, Z. M., Koenig, A. B., Abdelatif, D., Fazel, Y., Henry, L., & Wymer, M. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28431 · Cited by 10,781
Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Charlton, M., Cusi, K., Rinella, M., Harrison, S. A., Brunt, E. M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29367 · Cited by 7,239
Donnelly, K. L., Smith, C. I., Schwarzenberg, S. J., Jessurun, J., Boldt, M. D., & Parks, E. J. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23621 · Cited by 3,604
Pioglitazone, Vitamin E, or Placebo for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Sanyal, A. J., Chalasani, N., Kowdley, K. V., McCullough, A., Diehl, A. M., Bass, N. M., Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Lavine, J. E., Tonascia, J., Unalp, A., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0907929 · Cited by 3,327
Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance
Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00063.2017 · Cited by 3,028
Self-citationAngulo, P., Kleiner, D. E., Dam-Larsen, S., Adams, L. A., Bjornsson, E. S., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Mills, P. R., Keach, J. C., Lafferty, H. D., Stahler, A., et al. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.043 · Cited by 2,987
Ekstedt, M., Hagström, H., Nasr, P., Fredrikson, M., Stål, P., Kechagias, S., & Hultcrantz, R. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27368 · Cited by 2,287
Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Loomba, R., Sanyal, A. J., Lavine, J. E., Van Natta, M. L., Abdelmalek, M. F., Chalasani, N., Dasarathy, S., Diehl, A. M., Hameed, B., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61933-4 · Cited by 2,237
Singh, S., Allen, A. M., Wang, Z., Prokop, L. J., Murad, M. H., & Loomba, R. (2015) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.04.014 · Cited by 1,748
Lambert, J. E., Ramos–Roman, M. A., Browning, J. D., & Parks, E. J. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049 · Cited by 1,069 · cited 1×
“patients without NAFLD with similar rates of adipose flux of fatty acids (FAs) [15].”
BackgroundCusi, K., Orsak, B., Bril, F., Lomonaco, R., Hecht, J., Ortiz-Lopez, C., Tio, F., Hardies, J., Darland, C., Musi, N., et al. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-1774 · Cited by 1,024
Fullerton, M. D., Galic, S., Marcinko, K., Sikkema, S., Pulinilkunnil, T., Chen, Z.-P., O'Neill, H. M., Ford, R. J., Palanivel, R., O'Brien, M., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3372 · Cited by 893
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a nexus of metabolic and hepatic diseases
Samuel, V. T., & Shulman, G. I. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.002 · Cited by 745 · cited 1×
“potent anti-steatotic action and beneficial effects on lipids and cardiovascular outcomes may prove to be more efficacious than GS-0976 [23].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPerry, R. J., Camporez, J.-P. G., Kursawe, R., Titchenell, P. M., Zhang, D., Perry, C. J., Jurczak, M. J., Abudukadier, A., Han, M. S., Zhang, X.-M., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.012 · Cited by 719
Self-citationMittal, S., El-Serag, H. B., Sada, Y. H., Kanwal, F., Duan, Z., Temple, S., May, S. B., Kramer, J. R., Richardson, P. A., & Davila, J. A. (2016) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.019 · Cited by 648
Noureddin, M., Vipani, A., Bresee, C. J., Todo, T., Kim, I. K., Alkhouri, N., Setiawan, V. W., Tran, T. T., Ayoub, W. S., Lu, S. C.-L., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/s41395-018-0088-6 · Cited by 578
Self-citationAcetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase: crucial metabolic enzyme and attractive target for drug discovery
Tong, L. (2005) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-005-5121-4 · Cited by 526
The subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2
Abu-Elheiga, L. A., Brinkley, W. R., Zhong, L., Chirala, S. S., Woldegiorgis, G., & Wakil, S. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.4.1444 · Cited by 450
Savage, D. B. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci27300 · Cited by 447
Kim, C.-W., Addy, C., Kusunoki, J., Anderson, N. N., Deja, S., Fu, X., Burgess, S. C., Li, C., Ruddy, M., Chakravarthy, M., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.009 · Cited by 419
Lally, J., Ghoshal, S., DePeralta, D. K., Moaven, O., Wei, L., Masia, R., Erstad, D. J., Fujiwara, N., Leong, V., Houde, V. P., et al. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.020 · Cited by 417
Lipotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: not all lipids are created equal
Alkhouri, N., Dixon, L. J., & Feldstein, A. E. (2009) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1586/egh.09.32 · Cited by 413
Self-citationREGULATION OF MAMMALIAN ACETYL-COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE
Kim, K.-H. (1997) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.77 · Cited by 395
Abu-Elheiga, L., Oh, W., Kordari, P., & Wakil, S. J. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1733877100 · Cited by 389
Harrison, S. A., Abdelmalek, M. F., Caldwell, S., Shiffman, M. L., Diehl, A. M., Ghalib, R., Lawitz, E. J., Rockey, D. C., Schall, R. A., Jia, C., et al. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.006 · Cited by 384
Self-citationDongiovanni, P., Stender, S., Pietrelli, A., Mancina, R. M., Cespiati, A., Petta, S., Pelusi, S., Pingitore, P., Badiali, S., Maggioni, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12719 · Cited by 367
Loomba, R., Kayali, Z., Noureddin, M., Ruane, P., Lawitz, E. J., Bennett, M., Wang, L., Harting, E., Tarrant, J. M., McColgan, B. J., et al. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.027 · Cited by 340
Self-citationSetiawan, V. W., Stram, D. O., Porcel, J., Lu, S. C.-L., Marchand, L. L., & Noureddin, M. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28677 · Cited by 302
Self-citationHarriman, G., Greenwood, J., Bhat, S., Huang, X., Wang, R., Paul, D., Tong, L., Saha, A. K., Westlin, W. F., Kapeller, R., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1520686113 · Cited by 287
Mao, J., DeMayo, F. J., Li, H., Abu-Elheiga, L., Gu, Z., Shaikenov, T. E., Kordari, P., Chirala, S. S., Heird, W. C., & Wakil, S. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0603115103 · Cited by 285
Controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore reverses diabetes and steatohepatitis in rats
Perry, R. J., Zhang, D., Zhang, X.-M., Boyer, J. L., & Shulman, G. I. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa0672 · Cited by 283
Fukai, S., Nureki, O., Sekine, S., Shimada, A., Tao, J., Vassylyev, D. G., & Yokoyama, S. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00182-3 · Cited by 264
Goedeke, L., Bates, J. G., Vatner, D. F., Perry, R. J., Wang, T., Ramírez, R., Li, L., Ellis, M. W., Zhang, D., Wong, K. E., et al. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30097 · Cited by 261
Self-citationKabbany, M. N., Selvakumar, P. K. C., Watt, K. D. S., López, R., Akras, Z., Zein, N. N., Carey, W., & Alkhouri, N. (2017) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.5 · Cited by 247
Self-citationInsulin-independent regulation of hepatic triglyceride synthesis by fatty acids
Vatner, D. F., Majumdar, S. K., Kumashiro, N., Petersen, M. C., Rahimi, Y., Gattu, A. K., Bears, M., Camporez, J.-P. G., Cline, G. W., Jurczak, M. J., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1423952112 · Cited by 235
Self-citationLawitz, E. J., Coste, A., Poordad, F., Alkhouri, N., Loo, N., McColgan, B. J., Tarrant, J. M., Nguyen, T., Han, L., Chung, C., et al. (2018) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.042 · Cited by 217
Self-citationAcetyl-coenzyme A carboxylases: versatile targets for drug discovery
Tong, L., & Harwood, H. J. (2006) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.21077 · Cited by 207
Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase: characterization, molecular cloning, and evidence for two isoforms.
Abu-Elheiga, L. A., Jayakumar, A., Baldini, A., Chirala, S. S., & Wakil, S. J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.9.4011 · Cited by 189
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Diabetes, Obesity, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Noureddin, M., & Rinella, M. E. (2015) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2015.01.012 · Cited by 185
Self-citationMohamad, B., Shah, V., Onyshchenko, M., Elshamy, M., Aucejo, F., Lopez, R., Hanouneh, I. A., Alhaddad, R., & Alkhouri, N. (2016) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-015-9679-0 · Cited by 166
Self-citationPatel, J. R., Bettencourt, R., Cui, J. Y., Salotti, J., Hooker, J. C., Bhatt, A., Hernandez, C., Nguyen, P., Aryafar, H., Valasek, M. A., et al. (2016) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/1756283x16656735 · Cited by 163
Hoehn, K. L., Turner, N., Swarbrick, M. M., Wilks, D., Preston, E., Phua, Y., Joshi, H., Furler, S. M., Larance, M., Hegarty, B. D., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.11.008 · Cited by 156
Kim, C.-W., Moon, Y.-A., Park, S. W., Cheng, D., Kwon, H. J., & Horton, J. D. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1001292107 · Cited by 136
Stiede, K., Miao, W., Blanchette, H., Beysen, C., Harriman, G. C. B., Harwood, H. J., Kelley, H., Kapeller, R., Schmalbach, T., & Westlin, W. (2017) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29246 · Cited by 115
Gene knockout of Acc2 has little effect on body weight, fat mass, or food intake
Olson, D. P., Pulinilkunnil, T., Cline, G. W., Shulman, G. I., & Lowell, B. B. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0913492107 · Cited by 109
Self-citationKim, C.-W., Addy, C., Kusunoki, J., Anderson, N. N., Deja, S., Fu, X., Burgess, S. C., Cai, L., Ruddy, M., Chakravarthy, M. V., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.011 · Cited by 105
AMPK-ACC signaling modulates platelet phospholipids and potentiates thrombus formation
Lepropre, S., Kautbally, S., Octave, M., Ginion, A., Onselaer, M.-B., Steinberg, G. R., Kemp, B. E., Hego, A., Wéra, O., Brouns, S. L. N., et al. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2018-02-831503 · Cited by 92
Abu-Elheiga, L. A., Wu, H., Gu, Z., BRESSLER, R. C., & Wakil, S. J. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.309559 · Cited by 85
Bansal, S., Berk, M. P., Alkhouri, N., Partrick, D. A., Fung, J. J., & Feldstein, A. E. (2013) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.001 · Cited by 76
Self-citationIsoforms of acetyl-CoA carboxylase: structures, regulatory properties and metabolic functions
Brownsey, R. W., Zhande, R., & Boone, A. N. (1997) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0251232 · Cited by 71
The dynamic organization of fungal acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Hunkeler, M., Stuttfeld, E., Hagmann, A., Imseng, S., & Maier, T. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11196 · Cited by 56
Younossi, Z. M., Ratziu, V., Loomba, R. S., Rinella, M. E., Anstee, Q. M., Goodman, Z. D., Bédossa, P., Geier, A., Beckebaum, S., Newsome, P. N., et al. (2019) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0618-8278(19)30006-4 · Cited by 55
Self-citationAbulizi, A., Perry, R. J., Camporez, J. P. G., Jurczak, M. J., Petersen, K. F., Aspichueta, P., & Shulman, G. I. (2017) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201700001r · Cited by 41
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Younossi Z, 2019, Hepatology, 70
- Bates J, 2017, Hepatology, 66, Abstract425
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metabolism of immune cells in cancer
Leone, R. D., & Powell, J. D. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-020-0273-y · Cited by 877
Lipid metabolism in cancer: New perspectives and emerging mechanisms
Broadfield, L. A., Pane, A. A., Talebi, A., Swinnen, J. V., & Fendt, S. (2021) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.013 · Cited by 793
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and lipoprotein metabolism
Heeren, J., & Scheja, L. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101238 · Cited by 692
Tanase, D. M., Gosav, E. M., Costea, C. F., Ciocoiu, M., Lacatusu, C. M., Maranduca, M. A., Ouatu, A., & Floria, M. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2020/3920196 · Cited by 627
Lipid metabolism in sickness and in health: Emerging regulators of lipotoxicity
Yoon, H., Shaw, J. L., Haigis, M. C., & Greka, A. (2021) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.027 · Cited by 538
Metadata
- Authors
- Alkhouri, N., Lawitz, E., Noureddin, M., DeFronzo, R., & Shulman, G. I.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alkhouri, Naim
- Venue
- Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-09-19
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 135-141
- ISSN
- 1354-3784 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-7658
- PMC
- PMC7063378
- OpenAlex
- W2973125925
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 14.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK119968, R01DK114793, R01DK116774, R01DK113984, P30DK034989, P30DK045735)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, de novo lipogenesis, hepatic lipid accumulation, hypertriglyceridemia, liver fibrosis, fish oil, fibrates, cardiovascular safety, malonyl-CoA
- MeSH terms
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors, Fatty Acids, Humans, Oxazoles, Pyrimidines, Triglycerides, Drugs, Investigational, Lipogenesis, Isobutyrates, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review