Causal relationship of hepatic fat with liver damage and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is epidemiologically associated with hepatic and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether hepatic fat accumulation has a causal role in determining liver damage and insulin resistance. METHODS: We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis using risk alleles in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR and MBOAT7, and a polygenic risk score for hepatic fat, as instruments. We evaluated complementary cohorts of at-risk individuals and individuals from the general population: 1515 from the liver biopsy cohort (LBC), 3329 from the Swedish Obese Subjects Study (SOS) and 4570 from the population-based Dallas Heart Study (DHS). RESULTS: Hepatic fat was epidemiologically associated with liver damage, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The impact of genetic variants on liver damage was proportional to their effect on hepatic fat accumulation. Genetically determined hepatic fat was associated with aminotransferases, and with inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis in the LBC. Furthermore, in the LBC, the causal association between hepatic fat and fibrosis was independent of disease activity, suggesting that a causal effect of long-term liver fat accumulation on liver disease is independent of inflammation. Genetically determined hepatic steatosis was associated with insulin resistance in the LBC and SOS. However, this association was dependent on liver damage severity. Genetically determined hepatic steatosis was associated with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and with a small increase in risk of type 2 diabetes in publicly available databases. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that long-term hepatic fat accumulation plays a causal role in the development of chronic liver disease.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Besides PNPLA3 p.I148M and TM6SF2 p.E167K, additional variants including common risk variants in MBOAT7, GCKR, GPAM, protective variants in HSD17B13, APOE and MTARC1, and rare variants in APOB, MTTP, CIDEB and ATG7 have been robustly associated with the risk of progressive MASLD.
“Besides PNPLA3 p.I148M and TM6SF2 p.E167K, additional variants, including common risk variants in MBOAT7 , GCKR , GPAM , protective variants in HSD17B13 , APOE and MTARC1, and rare variants ( e.g. in APOB , MTTP, CIDEB and ATG7 ), have been robustly associated with the risk of progressive MASLD. 199 -205”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [201]
Split into 3 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease†
Kleiner, D. E., Brunt, E. M., Van Natta, M., Behling, C., Contos, M. J., Cummings, O. W., Ferrell, L. D., Liu, Y., Torbenson, M. S., Unalp‐Arida, A., et al. (2005) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20701 · Cited by 10,791 · see citing works
Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies
Davey Smith, G., & Hemani, G. (2014) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu328 · Cited by 4,677 · see citing works
Mendelian randomization: Using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology
Lawlor, D. A., Harbord, R. M., Sterne, J. A. C., Timpson, N., & Davey Smith, G. (2008) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3034 · Cited by 4,618 · see citing works
Prevalence of Hepatic Steatosis in An Urban Population in the United States: Impact of Ethnicity
Browning, J. D., Szczepaniak, L. S., Dobbins, R., Nuremberg, P., Horton, J. D., Cohen, J. C., Grundy, S. M., & Hobbs, H. H. (2004) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20466 · Cited by 3,664 · see citing works
Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Romeo, S., Kozlitina, J., Xing, C., Pertsemlidis, A., Cox, D., Pennacchio, L. A., Boerwinkle, E., Cohen, J. C., & Hobbs, H. H. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.257 · Cited by 3,416 · see citing works
Self-citationAngulo, P., Kleiner, D. E., Dam-Larsen, S., Adams, L. A., Bjornsson, E. S., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Mills, P. R., Keach, J. C., Lafferty, H. D., Stahler, A., et al. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.043 · Cited by 2,987 · see citing works
An Expanded View of Complex Traits: From Polygenic to Omnigenic
Boyle, E. A., Li, Y. I., & Pritchard, J. K. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.038 · Cited by 2,851 · see citing works
Bonora, E., Targher, G., Alberiche, M., Bonadonna, R. C., Saggiani, F., Zenere, M. B., Monauni, T., & Muggeo, M. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.1.57 · Cited by 2,456 · see citing works
Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise
Romero-Gómez, M., Zelber-Sagi, S., & Trenell, M. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.016 · Cited by 1,347 · see citing works
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome
Yki‐Järvinen, H. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70032-4 · Cited by 1,260 · see citing works
Kozlitina, J., Smagris, E., Stender, S., Nordestgaard, B. G., Zhou, H. H., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Vogt, T. F., Hobbs, H. H., & Cohen, J. C. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2901 · Cited by 1,234 · see citing works
Self-citationCharlton, M., Burns, J. M., Pedersen, R. A., Watt, K. D. S., Heimbach, J. K., & Dierkhising, R. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.061 · Cited by 1,103 · see citing works
The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes
Fuchsberger, C., Flannick, J., Teslovich, T. M., Mahajan, A., Agarwala, V., Gaulton, K. J., Ma, C., Fontanillas, P., Moutsianas, L., McCarthy, D. J., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18642 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
Yamaguchi, K., Yang, L., McCall, S. J., Huang, J., Yu, X. X., Pandey, S., Bhanot, S., Monia, B. P., Li, Y.-X., & Diehl, A. M. (2007) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21655 · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
Speliotes, E. K., Yerges-Armstrong, L. M., Wu, J., Hernaez, R., Kim, L. J., Palmer, C. D., Gudnason, V., Eiriksdottir, G., Garcia, M. E., Launer, L. J., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001324 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Manning, A. K., Hivert, M., Scott, R. A., Grimsby, J., Bouatia‐Naji, N., Chen, H., Rybin, D. V., Liu, C.-T., Bielak, L. F., Prokopenko, I., et al. (2012) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2274 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
Bariatric surgery and prevention of type 2 diabetes in Swedish obese subjects
Carlsson, L. M. S., Peltonen, M., Ahlin, S., Anveden, Å., Bouchard, C., Carlsson, B., Jacobson, P., Lönroth, H., Maglio, C., Näslund, I., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1112082 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Self-citationMendelian randomization in cardiometabolic disease: challenges in evaluating causality
Holmes, M. V., Ala-Korpela, M., & Smith, G. D. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.78 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Mancina, R. M., Dongiovanni, P., Petta, S., Pingitore, P., Meroni, M., Rametta, R., Borén, J., Montalcini, T., Pujia, A., Wiklund, O., et al. (2016) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.032 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Self-citationHepatocellular cancer: the impact of obesity, type 2 diabetes and a multidisciplinary team
Dyson, J., Jaques, B., Chattopadyhay, D., Lochan, R., Graham, J., Das, D., Aslam, T., Patanwala, I., Gaggar, S., Cole, M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.011 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Kumashiro, N., Erion, D. M., Zhang, D., Kahn, M., Beddow, S. A., Chu, X., Still, C. D., Gerhard, G. S., Han, X., Dziura, J., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1113359108 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Buch, S., Stickel, F., Trépo, E., Way, M., Herrmann, A., Nischalke, H. D., Brosch, M., Rosendahl, J., Berg, T., Ridinger, M., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3417 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Exome-wide association study of plasma lipids in >300,000 individuals
Charge Diabetes Working Group, Liu, D. J., Program, V. M. V., Peloso, G. M., Yu, H., Butterworth, A. S., Wang, X. Q., Mahajan, A., Saleheen, D., Emdin, C. A., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3977 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Dongiovanni, P., Petta, S., Maglio, C., Fracanzani, A. L., Pipitone, R., Mozzi, E., Motta, B. M., Kaminska, D., Rametta, R., Grimaudo, S., et al. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27490 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationVictor, R. G., Haley, R. W., Willett, D. L., Peshock, R. M., Vaeth, P. C., Leonard, D. S., Basit, M. A., Cooper, R., Iannacchione, V. G., Visscher, W. A., et al. (2004) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.02.058 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Use of allele scores as instrumental variables for Mendelian randomization
Burgess, S., & Thompson, S. G. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyt093 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Epidemiological modifiers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on high-risk groups
Lonardo, A., Bellentani, S., Argo, C. K., Ballestri, S., Byrne, C. D., Caldwell, S. H., Cortez‐Pinto, H., Grieco, A., Machado, M. V., Miele, L., et al. (2015) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2015.08.004 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Adiposity amplifies the genetic risk of fatty liver disease conferred by multiple loci
Stender, S., Kozlitina, J., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjærg‐Hansen, A., Hobbs, H. H., & Cohen, J. C. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3855 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Self-citationPNPLA3 has retinyl-palmitate lipase activity in human hepatic stellate cells
Pirazzi, C., Valenti, L. V. C., Motta, B. M., Pingitore, P., Hedfalk, K., Mancina, R. M., Burza, M. A., Indiveri, C., Ferro, Y., Montalcini, T., et al. (2014) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu121 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Self-citationHolmen, O. L., Zhang, H., Fan, Y., Hovelson, D. H., Schmidt, E. M., Zhou, W., Guo, Y., Zhang, J., Langhammer, A., Løchen, M., et al. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2926 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Bril, F., Barb, D., Portillo-Sánchez, P., Biernacki, D., Lomonaco, R., Suman, A., Weber, M. H., Budd, J. T., Lupi, M. E., & Cusi, K. J. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28985 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Kitamoto, T., Kitamoto, A., Yoneda, M., Hyogo, H., Ochi, H., Nakamura, T., Teranishi, H., Mizusawa, S., Ueno, T., Chayama, K., et al. (2013) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-013-1294-3 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
van der Poorten, D., Samer, C. F., Ramezani–Moghadam, M., Coulter, S., Kacevska, M., Schrijnders, D., Wu, L. E., McLeod, D. J., Bugianesi, E., Komuta, M., et al. (2012) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.26072 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: cause or consequence of type 2 diabetes?
Valenti, L., Bugianesi, E., Pajvani, U., & Targher, G. (2016) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13185 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationSeppala-Lindroos, A. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.87.7.3023 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Genetic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis
Dongiovanni, P., Romeo, S., & Valenti, L. V. C. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/460190 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationHepatic lipid droplet biology: Getting to the root of fatty liver
Mashek, D. G., Khan, S. A., Sathyanarayan, A., Ploeger, J. M., & Franklin, M. P. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27839 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Filippo, M. D., Moulin, P., Roy, P., Bouma, M. E., Collardeau‐Frachon, S., Chebel-Dumont, S., Peretti, N., Dumortier, J., Zoulim, F., Fontanges, T., et al. (2014) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.023 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
MERTK rs4374383 polymorphism affects the severity of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Petta, S., Valenti, L. V. C., Marra, F., Grimaudo, S., Tripodo, C., Bugianesi, E., Cammà, C., Cappon, A., Marco, V. D., Maira, G. D., et al. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.10.016 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationLuukkonen, P. K., Zhou, Y., Haridas, P. A. N., Dwivedi, O. P., Hyötyläinen, T., Ali, A., Juuti, A., Leivonen, M., Tukiainen, T., Ahonen, L. L., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.014 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Genetics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Dongiovanni, P., & Valenti, L. V. C. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.08.018 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationChildren With Metabolically Healthy Obesity: A Review
Vuković, R., Santos, T. J. D., Ybarra, M., & Atar, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00865 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Shared genetic effects between hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: A prospective twin study
Cui, J. Y., Chen, C., Lo, M., Schork, N. J., Bettencourt, R., Gonzalez, M. P., Bhatt, A., Hooker, J. C., Shaffer, K. M., Nelson, K. E., et al. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28674 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Dongiovanni, P., Meroni, M., Baselli, G., Bassani, G. A., Rametta, R., Pietrelli, A., Maggioni, M., Facciotti, F., Trunzo, V., Badiali, S., et al. (2017) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20170175 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, D. S., Jackson, A. U., Li, Y. K., Stringham, H. M., Kuusisto, J., Kangas, A. J., Soininen, P., Ala‐Korpela, M., Burant, C., Salomaa, V. V., et al. (2017) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.p076034 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Injury in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review of Literature
Maida, M. F., Macaluso, F. S., Salomone, F., et al. (2016) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/1566524016666161004143613 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tacke, F., Horn, P., Wai-Sun Wong, V., Ratziu, V., Bugianesi, E., Francque, S., Zelber-Sagi, S., Valenti, L., Roden, M., Schick, F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.031 · Cited by 2,210 · see citing works
Self-citationThe complex link between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus - mechanisms and treatments
Targher, G., Corey, K. E., Byrne, C. D., & Roden, M. (2021) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00448-y · Cited by 850 · see citing works
The Liver as an Endocrine Organ—Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance
Watt, M. J., Miotto, P. M., De Nardo, W., & Montgomery, M. K. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2019-00034 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Past, present and future perspectives in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Sanyal, A. J. (2019) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0144-8 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Mantovani, A., Petracca, G., Beatrice, G., Tilg, H., Byrne, C. D., & Targher, G. (2021) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322572 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Luukkonen, P. K., Sädevirta, S., Zhou, Y., Kayser, B., Ali, A., Ahonen, L., Lallukka, S., Pelloux, V., Gaggini, M., Jian, C., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0071 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Update on NAFLD genetics: From new variants to the clinic
Trépo, E., & Valenti, L. (2020) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.020 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Self-citationBianco, C., Jamialahmadi, O., Pelusi, S., Baselli, G., Dongiovanni, P., Zanoni, I., Santoro, L., Maier, S., Liguori, A., Meroni, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.024 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
A Gut Microbiome Signature for Cirrhosis Due to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Caussy, C., Tripathi, A., Humphrey, G., Bassirian, S., Singh, S., Faulkner, C., Bettencourt, R., Rizo, E., Richards, L., Xu, Z. Z., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09455-9 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Targher, G., Valenti, L., & Byrne, C. D. (2025) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2412865 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citationCarlsson, B., Lindén, D., Brolén, G., Liljeblad, M., Bjursell, M., Romeo, S., & Loomba, R. (2020) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.15738 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationLuukkonen, P. K., Qadri, S., Ahlholm, N., Porthan, K., Männistö, V., Sammalkorpi, H., Penttilä, A. K., Hakkarainen, A., Lehtimäki, T. E., Gaggini, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.013 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Alkhouri, N., Lawitz, E., Noureddin, M., DeFronzo, R., & Shulman, G. I. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2020.1668374 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Human Multilineage 3D Spheroids as a Model of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis
Pingitore, P., Sasidharan, K., Ekstrand, M., Prill, S., Lindén, D., & Romeo, S. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20071629 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationJamialahmadi, O., Mancina, R. M., Ciociola, E., Tavaglione, F., Luukkonen, P. K., Baselli, G., Malvestiti, F., Thuillier, D., Raverdy, V., Männistö, V., et al. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.023 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-Term Weight Loss Strategies for Obesity
Kheniser, K., Saxon, D. R., & Kashyap, S. R. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab091 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Saponaro, C., Sabatini, S., Gaggini, M., Carli, F., Rosso, C., Positano, V., Armandi, A., Caviglia, G. P., Faletti, R., Bugianesi, E., et al. (2022) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.15377 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Morrison, A. E., Zaccardi, F., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2019) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13994 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Mechanisms of liver fibrosis in metabolic syndrome
Mehal, W. (2023) · eGastroenterology · doi:10.1136/egastro-2023-100015 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ge, X., Wang, X., Yan, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, C., Lu, J., Xu, X., Gao, J., Liu, M., Jiang, T., et al. (2023) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.15588 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Clinical exome sequencing for diagnosing severe cryptogenic liver disease in adults: a case series
Pelusi, S., Ronzoni, L., Malvestiti, F., Bianco, C., Marini, I., D'Ambrosio, R., Giannotta, J. A., Soardo, G., Maggioni, M., Prati, D., et al. (2022) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.15185 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Paolini, E., Longo, M., Meroni, M., Tria, G., Cespiati, A., Lombardi, R., Badiali, S., Maggioni, M., Fracanzani, A. L., & Dongiovanni, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1101341 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Z., Zhang, Y., Graham, S., Pique-Regi, R., Dong, X. C., Chen, Y. E., Willer, C., & Liu, W. (2019) · doi:10.1101/657734 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dongiovanni, P., Stender, S., Pietrelli, A., Mancina, R. M., Cespiati, A., Petta, S., Pelusi, S., Pingitore, P., Badiali, S., Maggioni, M., Mannisto, V., Grimaudo, S., Pipitone, R. M., Pihlajamaki, J., Craxi, A., Taube, M., Carlsson, L. M. S., Fargion, S., Romeo, S., Kozlitina, J., & Valenti, L.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IT)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Palermo (IT)
- Department of Gastroenterology University of Eastern Finland Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
- Department of Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology Università di Palermo Palermo Italy
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Romeo, S.
- Kozlitina, J.
- Valenti, L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-12-27
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 356-370
- ISSN
- 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2796
- PMC
- PMC5900872
- OpenAlex
- W2780792102
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 13 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 20.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (16888)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK090066)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01 HL20948)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001105)
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (254439006, K2013‐54X‐11285‐19)
- Hjärt-Lungfonden (244439007)
- Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset (ALFGBG‐428911)
- Novo Nordisk (244439012)
- Stiftelserna Wilhelm och Martina Lundgrens
- Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd (4004‐00398)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatic steatosis, liver injury, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR, MBOAT7, risk alleles, polygenic risk score, Mendelian randomization, transaminases, liver inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Acyltransferases, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Genetic Markers, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Lipase, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Membrane Proteins, Prospective Studies, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
