A combined clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroanatomical study of adults with high functioning autism
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Three hypotheses concerning associations between neuroanatomical abnormalities, neuropsychological impairments, and the behavioural manifestations of autism were investigated. The primary hypothesis was that the social interaction impairments diagnostic of autism are associated with deficits of socioemotional perception and abnormalities of the amygdala. One subsidiary hypothesis was that the learning and language impairments that occur in less able individuals with autism are associated with impaired memory, and with abnormalities of hippocampal regions. A second subsidiary hypothesis was that the repetitive behaviour diagnostic of autism is associated with executive deficits and with abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex. Associations between the neuroanatomical regions investigated were also examined. METHODS: Ten adult males with high functioning autism (HFA) were compared with 10 healthy controls matched for age, sex, verbal and nonverbal ability. Hypothesis-driven structural MRI and neuropsychological tests were used to collect neuroanatomical and neuropsychological data on all subjects. A version of the Wing Autism Diagnostic Interview Checklist was used to collect clinical data on the HFA subjects. RESULTS: Strong convergent evidence in support of the amygdala hypothesis was obtained, and preliminary support for the hippocampal/parahippocampal hypothesis. No clear evidence was obtained in support of the prefrontal hypothesis. Patterns of associations amongst volume measures within and between medial temporal and prefrontal regions suggest stronger within-region and weaker between-region associations in the HFA group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are discussed in terms of a model of autism in which selective abnormalities of the amygdala and hippocampus (in all cases) and of the parahippocampal gyrus (in lower functioning cases) are implicated, and in which a disruption of coordinated limbic and prefrontal activity may be critical.
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In ASD, normal brain activations are not seen when completing tasks on which behavioural performance falls in the normal range.
“To date, it seems that this is not the case (e.g. Boucher et al., 2005; Schmitz et al., 2005).”
From Executive processes in Asperger syndrome: Patterns of performance in a multiple case series (2006) · cites this paper as Boucher et al., 2005
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“The findings of Mackinlay and colleagues (2006) in a study of autism indicating correlations between some subdomains of the BRIEF, but not others, with a laboratory measure of multitasking, is consistent with Burgess and colleagues’ (1998) argument.”
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“…study lend further support to the amygdala theory of autism (Baron-Cohen et al., 2000a) and related models that hypothesize a key involvement of the amygdala in ASC (Bachevalier, 2000; Bachevalier & Loveland, 2006; Boucher et al., 2005; Howard et al., 2000; Schultz et al., 2000; Schultz, 2005).”
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“P A A uthor M anuscript no impairment in episodic memory or correlation of hippocampal volume with memory performance (Boucher et al., 2005).”
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“Several studies compared high-functioning adults with ASD (HFA), with ages ranging from 19 to 67 years, to typically developing individuals or individuals with other neurodevelopment disorders with regard to EF (Ambery et al. 2006; Boucher et al. 2005; Bramham et al. 2009; Hill and Bird 2006; Kretschmer et al. 2014; N…”
BackgroundExecutive Functioning Theory and Autism
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“The hypothesis is also consistent with data indicating hippocampal abnormalities extending into entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortex in mixed ability groups of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) (Bauman and Kemper 2003; Boucher et al. 2005 ); and with reports of individuals with extensiv…”
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“, 2005) and neuropsychiatric disorders (Gur et al., 2000; Boucher et al., 2005).”
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ResultSelf-citationThe Episodic Memory Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis
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“This lack of consistency is also true for visual recall as measured by figure reproduction, with studies showing unimpaired (Ambery et al. 2006; Boucher et al., 2005; Koolen et al., 2014; Torralva et al., 2013) and impaired (Minshew & Goldstein, 2001; Otsuka et al.”
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“…participants to discriminate studied from novel stimuli pose relatively few diffi-culties [Barth, Fein, & Waterhouse, 1995; Beversdorf, et al., 2000; Boucher, Cowell, Howard, Broks, Mayes, & Roberts, 2005; Bowler, Gaigg, & Gardiner, 2008b; Bowler, Gardiner, & Grice, 2000; Bowler, Gardiner, & Gaigg,…”
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- Authors
- Boucher, J., Cowell, P., Howard, M., Broks, P., Farrant, A., Roberts, N., & Mayes, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Addenbrooke's Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 165-213
- ISSN
- 1354-6805 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0619
- OpenAlex
- W1973570456
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- high-functioning autism, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, social interaction deficits, repetitive behavior, executive function, memory impairment, limbic system, medial temporal lobe, brain structure
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