The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A review of the affects of worry and generalized anxiety disorder upon cardiovascular health and coronary heart disease
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this review article are to present psychophysiological and behavioral pathways for the involvement of worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) upon cardiovascular function. The review will focus on persons with and without coronary heart disease (CHD), and encompass etiological and prognostic studies. METHODS: Articles (1975-2011) reporting on GAD or worry affecting CHD prognosis or cardiovascular function were found using MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and PsychINFO database searches, and extracted to form a narrative review. RESULTS: Available evidence in experimental and observational studies in CHD free samples consistently showed that worry was associated with diminished heart rate variability (HRV) and elevated heart rate. Worry and GAD were commonly associated with blood pressure and diagnosed hypertension or medication use in both disease-free and established CHD populations. No evidence was found to support worry being beneficial to cardiovascular function or conducive to health promoting behaviors. The literature indicated that measures of worry were associated with fatal and nonfatal CHD in seven etiological studies of initially disease-free individuals; however, females were underrepresented. Three studies reported that GAD was associated with poorer prognosis in establish CHD, independent of depression. The median GAD prevalence was 10.4% in 3266 patients across 15 studies, suggesting that GAD is marginally less common in CHD samples than is depression. CONCLUSIONS: A growing literature highlights the association between worry and development of CHD. The association between worry, GAD and CHD risk factors (e.g. blood pressure), and HRV are leading mechanisms of cardiopathogenesis that may affect cardiovascular function. Findings regarding worry and GAD in established CHD are less clear.
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“In addition to the profound negative impact on individuals’ wellbeing and functioning, they are associated with worsened physical health, including a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality.”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
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Cites
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Autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry
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“Thayer, Friedman, and Borkovec (1996) showed that exposure to experimental worry conditions was associated with shorter cardiac interbeat intervals and lower high-frequency spectral power, indicative of diminished heart rate variability (HRV).”
BackgroundFrasure-Smith, N., & Lespérance, F. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.4 · Cited by 571
Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Saha, T. D., Smith, S. M., Pulay, A. J., Pickering, R. P., et al. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.41 · Cited by 571
Prospective study of phobic anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease in men.
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Is Worrying Bad for Your Heart?
Kubzansky, L. D., Kawachi, I. I., Spiro, A., Weiss, S. T., Vokonas, P., & Sparrow, D. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.4.818 · Cited by 376
Mental disorders among persons with heart disease — results from World Mental Health surveys
Ormel, J., Korff, M. V., Burger, H., Scott, K. M., Demyttenaere, K., Huang, Y., Posada-Villa, J., Lepine, J. P., Angermeyer, M. C., Levinson, D., et al. (2007) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.03.009 · Cited by 360
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Anxiety Disorders are Associated with Reduced Heart Rate Variability: A Meta-Analysis
Chalmers, J. A., Quintana, D. S., Abbott, M. J.-A., & Kemp, A. H. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00080 · Cited by 1,067
“Chronic reductions in resting-state HRV appear to be associated with worry (24–27) and pathological worry has been implicated in the development of CVD and CVD risk factors, where HRV is one mechanism of cardiopathogenesis (28).”
BackgroundThe intriguing relationship between coronary heart disease and mental disorders
Binder, M. D., Detraux, J., & Vancampfort, D. (2018) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2018.20.1/mdehert · Cited by 506
Physiological concomitants of perseverative cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ottaviani, C., Thayer, J. F., Verkuil, B., Lonigro, A., Medea, B., Couyoumdjian, A., & Brosschot, J. F. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000036 · Cited by 476
Anxiety as a Predictor for Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Gulpers, B., Ramakers, I., Hamel, R., Köhler, S., Oude Voshaar, R., & Verhey, F. (2016) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.05.015 · Cited by 409
Breath of Life: The Respiratory Vagal Stimulation Model of Contemplative Activity
Gerritsen, R. J. S., & Band, G. P. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00397 · Cited by 342
Metadata
- Authors
- Tully, P. J., Cosh, S. M., & Baune, B. T.
- Affiliations
- Flinders University (AU)
- ,
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Tully, Phillip J.
- Venue
- Psychology, Health & Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-01-16
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 627-644
- ISSN
- 1354-8506 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-3966
- OpenAlex
- W2063250478
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 10.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology Health & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- worry, generalized anxiety disorder, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular health, heart rate variability, blood pressure, hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors, behavioral pathways, prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Blood Pressure, Coronary Disease, Depression, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Comorbidity
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