Intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to mental health care among community-dwelling younger and older adults
Abstract
This study examined intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to mental health care among younger (n = 76; M age = 23 years) and older adults (n = 88; M age = 71 years) using a new 56 item self-report measure, Barriers to Mental Health Services Scale (BMHSS). The BMHSS was developed to examine 10 barriers to the utilization of mental health services: help-seeking attitudes, stigma, knowledge and fear of psychotherapy, belief about inability to find a psychotherapist, belief that depressive symptoms are normal, insurance and payment concerns, ageism, concerns about psychotherapist's qualifications, physician referral, and transportation concerns. Results indicated that younger adults perceived fear of psychotherapy, belief about inability to find a psychotherapist, and insurance concerns to be greater barriers than older adults. Men perceived stigma to be a greater barrier than women whereas women perceived finding a psychotherapist to be a greater barrier than men. The rank order of the BMHSS subscales was strongly similar for younger and older adults (r = 0.90, p = 0.000). These results also provide further evidence that stigma about receiving mental health services is not a primary barrier among younger or older adults.
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Difficulties with transportation are a specific barrier to help seeking for older adults.
“specific barriers for older adults include difficulties with transportation, beliefs that it is normal to be anxious and depressed in old age, and beliefs by referrers that psychological therapy is less likely to be effective.”
From Barriers to treatment for older adults seeking psychological therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Pepin et al., 2009
The belief that depression and anxiety are normal aspects of ageing is a potential barrier to help seeking.
“Another potential barrier to help seeking is the belief that depression and anxiety are normal aspects of ageing.”
From Barriers to treatment for older adults seeking psychological therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Pepin et al., 2009
Beliefs that it is normal to be anxious and depressed in old age are a specific barrier to help seeking for older adults.
“specific barriers for older adults include difficulties with transportation, beliefs that it is normal to be anxious and depressed in old age, and beliefs by referrers that psychological therapy is less likely to be effective.”
From Barriers to treatment for older adults seeking psychological therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Pepin et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Pepin, R., Segal, D. L., & Coolidge, F. L.
- Affiliations
- a Department of Psychology , University of Colorado at Colorado Springs , Colorado Springs , CO 80933-7150 , USA
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Segal, Daniel L.
- Venue
- Aging & Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 769-777
- ISSN
- 1360-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-6915
- OpenAlex
- W2104522373
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Aging & Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- barriers to mental health care, help-seeking attitudes, mental health stigma, ageism, gender differences, young adults, older adults, community-dwelling adults, physician referral, transportation barriers
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, Community Health Services, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Health Services for the Aged, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Self Disclosure, Stereotyping, United States, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Young Adult
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