Age, gender, and the underutilization of mental health services: The influence of help-seeking attitudes
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to explore age and gender differences in attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, and to examine whether attitudes negatively influence intentions to seek help among older adults and men, whose mental health needs are underserved. To achieve these objectives 206 community-dwelling adults completed questionnaires measuring help-seeking attitudes, psychiatric symptomatology, prior help-seeking, and intentions to seek help. Older age and female gender were associated with more positive help-seeking attitudes in this sample, although age and gender interacted with marital status and education, and had varying influences on different attitude components. Age and gender also influenced intentions to seek professional psychological help. Women exhibited more favourable intentions to seek help from mental health professionals than men, likely due to their positive attitudes concerning psychological openness. Older adults exhibited more favourable intentions to seek help from primary care physicians than younger adults, a finding that was not explained by age differences in attitudes. Results from this study suggest that negative attitudes related to psychological openness might contribute to men's underutilization of mental health services. Help-seeking attitudes do not appear to be a barrier to seeking professional help among older adults, although their intentions to visit primary care physicians might be. These findings suggest the need for education to improve men's help-seeking attitudes and to enhance older adults' willingness to seek specialty mental health services.
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Few men are taught to express emotional distress, and this helps explain why they use mental health services less.
“Men are rarely socialized to be open about their emotional troubles; which in turn was found to contribute to their underutilization of mental health services (Mackenzie, Gekoski, Knox, 2006).”
From The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors (2016) · cites this paper as Mackenzie, Gekoski, Knox, 2006
Compared to women, men are less likely to seek help for mental health difficulties.
“Compared to women, men are less likely to seek help for mental health difficulties.”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006
Although help-seeking is consistently reported to be worse in males, the identified techniques in this review should be interpreted cautiously.
“Although help-seeking is consistently reported to be worse in males (Mackenzie et al., 2006), the identified techniques in this review should be interpreted cautiously.”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Mackenzie et al., 2006
Historically, men are more hesitant about seeking help for mental health difficulties compared to their female counterparts.
“Although help-seeking is consistently reported to be worse in males (Mackenzie et al., 2006), the identified techniques in this review should be interpreted cautiously.”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Mackenzie et al., 2006
Low educational status might be associated with low rates of help-seeking because educated individuals are more informed and knowledgeable about illnesses and the healthcare system.
“Low educational status might be associated with low rates of help-seeking because educated individuals are more informed and knowledgeable about illnesses and the healthcare system”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006
Younger men seeking less help may partly be an artefact of their lower levels of illness, and partly due to the fact that their vitality and masculinity is more important to them.
“The reason why younger men seek less help may partly be an artefact of their lower levels of illness, and partly due to the fact that their vitality and masculinity is more important to them”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006
Young men hold more negative attitudes towards help-seeking for mental health issues than young women, due in part to lower levels of openness to acknowledging psychological problems.
“Young men are known to hold more negative attitudes towards help-seeking for mental health issues than young women [5], due in part to lower levels of openness to acknowledging psychological problems [6].”
From Silence is deadly: a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a mental health help-seeking intervention for young men (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
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“We selected sociodemographics for analysis that had been previously cited as significantly impacting mental health services: age, sex, marital status, education, and income.(7,18,19,22,32,33) For the NCS, health insurance was selected as an additional variable.”
BackgroundMethodResultWithholding Requests for Disability Accommodation
BALDRIDGE, D. C., & Swift, M. L. (2011) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310396375 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“In most societies, men are expected to be more self-reliant and independent (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialRatnayake, P., & Hyde, C. (2019) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/edp.2019.1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Abolfotouh, M. A., Almutairi, A. F., Mutairi, Z. A., Salam, M., Alhashem, A. M., Adlan, A. A., & Modayfer, O. (2019) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s191676 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“More favorable attitudes are found among women(23,24) and younger people.(24,25) However, in our study, being single, female , employed, and earning a higher income were all significant predictors of favorable attitudes toward professional help-seeking.”
Sand, M. S., Fisher, W. A., Rosen, R. C., Heiman, J. R., & Ian Eardley, C. (2008) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00720.x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Research has also found that men seek psychiatric and counseling services less often than women with comparable emotional problems [17, 18 ], and demonstrate lower rates of help seeking for such diverse conditions as cancer and depression [19,20].”
BackgroundCultural differences in professional help seeking: a comparison of Japan and the U.S
Mojaverian, T., Hashimoto, T., & Kim, H. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00615 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“Gender was included in analyses as previous research on professional help seeking has found differences among men and women in their willingness to seek help (e.g., Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
MethodResultWho can you trust? Credibility assessment in online health forums
Lederman, R., Fan, H., Smith, S. P., & Chang, S. (2013) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2013.11.003 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
How people decide to seek health care: A qualitative study
Shaw, C., Brittain, K., Tansey, R., & Williams, K. (2008) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.11.005 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“There was also no evidence of differences within the age group of this particular sample, although the literature does suggest that patterns of helpseeking will vary with age (Mackenzie et al., 2006), and the over 40 group represents a large age range.”
BackgroundThe Distribution of Nonwage Benefits: Maternity Benefits and Gender Diversity
Liu, T., Makridis, C. A., Ouimet, P., et al. (2022) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhac039 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Surveillance for violent deaths--National Violent Death Reporting System, 16 states, 2008.
Karch, D. L., Logan, J. E., & Patel, N. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Simpson, R., Mair, F. S., & Mercer, S. W. (2017) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-017-0880-8 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“This could reflect the higher incidence of stressrelated mental health comorbidities in women with MS in Scotland [44], a greater stigma among men towards reporting mental health concerns [45], or that men may be less willing to participate in research studies [46].”
BackgroundBarcelos, A. M., Kargas, N., Maltby, J., Hall, S., & Mills, D. S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68446-9 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Comorbid major depression in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients
Quarantini, L. C., Torres, A. R., Sampaio, A. S., Fossaluza, V., de Mathis, M. A., do Rosário, M. C., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Cordioli, A. V., Petribú, K., et al. (2010) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.09.006 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“According to the literature, consultation rates and help-seeking patterns in women are consistently higher than in men, especially when affective symptoms are present [51,52], which could explain the higher rate of women in our sample.”
Time to diagnosis in younger-onset dementia and the impact of a specialist diagnostic service
Loi, S. M., Goh, A., Mocellin, R., et al. (2020) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220001489 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“We did not identify any difference in time to diagnosis between women and men, in contrast with some reports that women are more help-seeking which facilitates earlier recognition anddiagnosis (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
ResultThe Influence of Patient Sex, Provider Sex, and Sexist Attitudes on Pain Treatment Decisions
Hirsh, A. T., Hollingshead, N. A., Matthias, M. S., Bair, M. J., & Kroenke, K. (2014) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.003 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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DuPont‐Reyes, M. J., Villatoro, A. P., Phelan, J. C., Painter, K., & Link, B. G. (2019) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000425 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“…than women hold stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors about mental illness (Anglin et al., 2006; Farina, 1981; Perry et al., 2007); consequently, men also seek mental health treatment less often (Eagly & Crowley, 1986; Gonzalez et al., 2005; Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006; Wang et al., 2005).”
People Who Die by Suicide Without Receiving Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review
Tang, S., Reily, N. M., Arena, A. F., Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., Carter, G. L., Mackinnon, A. J., & Christensen, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.736948 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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“more appealing to female student, but may also reflect the gender differences in the prevalence and help-seeking behaviour of common mental disorders [56].”
BackgroundThe application of the theory of planned behavior to help-seeking intention in a Chinese society
Mak, H. W., & Davis, J. M. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0792-x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Current mental health [11], past help-seeking behaviors [38], symptom attribution [22], and other sources of help [22, 44], have also been studied in relation to help-seeking intention or behaviors.”
BackgroundBell, S., & Eski, Y. (2015) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/pav041 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Recent trends have been identified in the general public that indicate more willingness to engage in seeking assistance (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundCairney, J., Veldhuizen, S., Vigod, S. N., Streiner, D. L., Wade, T. J., & Kurdyak, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203120 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
An Examination of Disclosure of Nonsuicidal Self‐injury among University Students
Armiento, J. S., Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2014) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2190 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Researchers have suggested that men may have a more difficult time verbalizing and recognizing emotional distress, revealing ‘weaknesses’ to others, and have less access to close and responsive social support networks (Mackenzie et al., 2006; Sultan & Chaudry, 2008).”
BackgroundSeal, K. H., Abadjian, L. R., McCamish, N., Shi, Y., Tarasovsky, G., & Weingardt, K. R. (2012) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.04.007 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Deconstructing the Alcohol Harm Paradox: A Population Based Survey of Adults in England
Beard, E., Brown, J., West, R., Angus, C., Brennan, A., Holmes, J., Kaner, E., Meier, P. S., & Michie, S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160666 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“shown to be more prevalent in younger age groups [67, 68].”
BackgroundTreatment preferences in patients with first episode depression
Houle, J., Villaggi, B., Beaulieu, M., Lespérance, F., Rondeau, G., & Lambert, J. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.016 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“However, even though men’s reticence to ask for professional psychological assistance when they are experiencing emotional distress has been well documented (Berger et al., 2005; MacKenzie et al., 2006; Motjabai and Olfson, 2006; Oliffe et al., 2012; Johnson et al., 2012; Pederson and Vogel, 2007), it is surprising to…”
Judkins, J. L., Moore, B. A., Collette, T., Hale, W. J., Peterson, A. L., & Morissette, S. B. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22558 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Help-seeking and pathways to care in the early stages of psychosis
Fridgen, G. J., Aston, J., Gschwandtner, U., Pflueger, M. O., Zimmermann, R., Studerus, E., Stieglitz, R., & Riecher‐Rössler, A. (2012) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0628-0 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“their being more open to psychology [47–49].”
Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Older Adults
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Maternal Guilt and Shame: Relationship to Postnatal Depression and Attitudes towards Help-Seeking
Dunford, E., & Granger, C. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0690-z · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Kessler, E., Agines, S. G., & Bowen, C. E. (2014) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.920300 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Research has consistently indicated that older people with psychological symptoms tend to turn first to their physician as opposed to a psychotherapist (e.g. James & Buttle, 2008; Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDorow, M., Löbner, M., Pabst, A., Stein, J., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00181 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“The finding that singles were more likely to express more preferences for psychotherapy than married patients may be explained by lacking emotional support from the spouse in patients without a partner, leading to a stronger wish to talk to a psychotherapist and receive professional support (55).”
BackgroundMental Health Help-Seeking Intentions and Preferences of Rural Chinese Adults
Yu, Y., Liu, Z.-W., Hu, M., Liu, H.-M., Yang, J. P., Zhou, L., & Xiao, S.-Y. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141889 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“There are several possible reasons including higher rates of mental disorders [66,67], lower levels of stoicism and personal stigma related to mental health problems [14], and more positive attitudes concerning psychological openness [13] in women compared to men, as well as gender-role differences where men’s traditi…”
BackgroundResultPathways to Mental Health Services and Perceptions about the Effectiveness of Treatment
Alang, S., & McAlpine, D. D. (2018) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869318802341 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Higher age and being a woman have been consistently linked to more positive attitudes toward mental health services (Gonzalez et al. 2011; Mackenzie, Gekoski, and Knox 2006).”
BackgroundPsychological Health of Surgeons in a Time of COVID-19
Tan, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Yap, Q. V., Chan, Y. H., Ho, R., Hamid, A. R. A. H., Landaluce-Olavarria, A., Pellino, G., Gauhar, V., Chand, M., et al. (2021) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000004775 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Stress, Mental Health Symptoms, and Help-Seeking in College Students
Hubbard, K., Reohr, P., Tolcher, L., & Downs, A. (2018) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.4.293 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Shahwan, S., Lau, J. H., Goh, C. M. J., Ong, W. J., Tan, G. T. H., Kwok, K. W., Samari, E., Lee, Y. Y., Teh, W. L., Seet, V. A. L., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02960-y · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Help-seeking attitudes and behaviours among youth with eating disorders: a scoping review
Nicula, M., Pellegrini, D., Grennan, L., Bhatnagar, N., McVey, G. L., & Couturier, J. L. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00543-8 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Help-seeking behaviour is influenced in part by the age of the individual; youth are less likely to seek help than adults due to stigmatizing or negative attitudes towards seeking professional help, a lack of mental health literacy, and a general belief that one should be able to recover independently of treatment [5,…”
BackgroundSheikh, A., Payne-Cook, C., Lisk, S. C., Carter, B., & Brown, J. S. L. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02520-9 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“It has also been suggested that men are simply less likely to acknowledge when they have a psychological problem, or do not see mood disorders such as depression as serious enough to warrant help-seeking, and therefore will not seek help as readily as women [12, 13].”
Dockery, L., Jeffery, D., Schauman, O., Williams, P. R., Farrelly, S. E., Bonnington, O., Gabbidon, J., Lassman, F., SZMUKLER, G. I., Thornicroft, G., et al. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.044 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“…lower quality of life (Harrigan et al., 2003), impaired social functioning (Barnes et al., 2008), longer length of first hospitalisation (Penttila et al., 2013) and are associated with neuro-anatomical changes such as decreases in brain grey matter volume (Guo et al., 2013; Malla et al., 2011).”
Links between self-injury and suicidality in autism
Moseley, R. L., Gregory, N. J., Smith, P., Allison, C., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2020) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-020-0319-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Seeking help for psychological distress: Barriers for mental health professionals
Edwards, J. L., & Crisp, D. A. (2016) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12146 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Reducing the stigma associated with seeking psychotherapy through self-affirmation.
Lannin, D. G., Guyll, M., Vogel, D. L., & Madon, S. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033789 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Smail-Crevier, R., Powers, G., Noël, C., & Wang, J. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11224 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Conversely, men have more difficulty identifying feelings of distress as emotional problems [53].”
Gender differential in health care utilisation in India
Patel, R., & Chauhan, S. (2019) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2019.11.007 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sun, S., Hoyt, W. T., Brockberg, D., Lam, J., & Tiwari, D. R. (2016) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000172 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Relational barriers to depression help-seeking in primary care
Kravitz, R. L., Paterniti, D. A., Epstein, R. M., Rochlen, A. B., Bell, R. A., Cipri, C. S., y García, E. F., Feldman, M. D., & Duberstein, P. R. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.05.007 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“We stratified on gender because of prior research suggesting that the depression care seeking experiences of the sexes differs, [17] and on income as a proxy for socioeconomic status (which is likely related to social distance in medical settings).”
MethodZhang, X., Chen, F., & Chen, Z. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117385 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Lim, M. T., Lim, Y. M. F., Tong, S. F., & Sivasampu, S. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224260 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“The lower likelihood of men to perceive community healthcare seeking for psychosocial concerns may be related to a lack of psychological openness among men [23].”
BackgroundResultA Systematic Review of Trauma Interventions in Native Communities
Gameon, J. A., & Skewes, M. C. (2019) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12396 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Lindamer, L. A., Liu, L., Sommerfeld, D. H., Folsom, D. P., Hawthorne, W., Garcia, P., Aarons, G. A., & Jeste, D. V. (2012) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-011-0350-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Other literature has reported that women are more likely to use mental health services (Mackenzie et al. 2006), but the relationship between gender and high utilization was not investigated.”
BackgroundDoes stigma predict a belief in dealing with depression alone?
Griffiths, K. M., Crisp, D. A., Jorm, A. F., & Christensen, H. M. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.012 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Role of Gender and Income in Predicting Barriers to Mental Health Care in Canada
Slaunwhite, A. (2015) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-014-9814-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Research on gender differences in online health communities
Liu, X., Sun, M., & Li, J. (2018) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.12.019 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Tieu, Y., & Konnert, C. A. (2013) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.814104 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Demographic factors were entered in the first block, and all other scores were entered in the second block, a strategy employed in previous research (e.g., Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
MethodMen’s depression and suicide literacy: a nationally representative Canadian survey
Oliffe, J., Hannan-Leith, M. N., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Black, N., Mackenzie, C., Lohan, M., & Creighton, G. M. (2016) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2016.1177770 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Research also indicates that Canadian men are less likely to report intentions to seek professional help for mental health problems, perhaps because they have less positive attitudes toward treatment seeking than women (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationZhao, M., Lv, X., Maimaitirexiati, T., He, J., Luo, B., Chen, W., Wang, K., Gu, P., Kuang, W., Zhou, Y., et al. (2015) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610215000940 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Finally, sociodemographic determinants, such as gender and educational level, family history, and the living situation are related to delayed diagnosis (Tijhuis et al., 1990; Mackenzie et al., 2006; Pentzek et al., 2009; Ramakers et al., 2009; Tedstone Doherty and Kartalova-O’Doherty, 2010).”
BackgroundSeyfi, F., Poudel, K. C., Yasuoka, J., Otsuka, K., & Jimba, M. (2013) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-6-519 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“We selected the independent variables in the multiple regression analyses based on the previous studies on professional psychological help-seeking [36] [37].”
Yue, J. K., Levin, H. S., Suen, C. G., Morrissey, M. R., Runyon, S. J., Winkler, E. A., Puffer, R. C., Deng, H., Robinson, C. K., Rick, J. W., et al. (2019) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2019.1602312 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in women: frequency, characteristics, and diagnostic challenges
Bruno, M., Castaño, A., Burton, A., et al. (2020) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-020-10010-8 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Magnezi, R., Bergman, Y. S., & Grosberg, D. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2630 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Patients who are more likely to search online for health care information include women [15,16], those with a higher education, a chronic health condition, more years of Internet experience, and those with broadband access [17,18].”
Background
- Authors
- Mackenzie, C. S., Gekoski, W. L., & Knox, V. J.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Mackenzie, C. S.
- ORCID
- Mackenzie, C. S.
- Venue
- Aging & Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 574-582
- ISSN
- 1360-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-6915
- OpenAlex
- W2014172961
- Semantic Scholar
- d232506e2297dea5f6d1729b555e7bd93577103f
- Cited by
- 878
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 13.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Aging & Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- help-seeking attitudes, mental health service utilization, underutilization of mental health services, age differences, gender differences, older adults, men, help-seeking intentions, open-mindedness, primary care mental health, psychiatric symptoms, help-seeking barriers
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mental Disorders, Demography, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Ontario, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Marital Status
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