Adolescent Girls’ and Boys’ Perceptions of Mental Health
Abstract
The aims of this study are to analyse the concept of mental health from the perspective of adolescent girls and boys and to describe what adolescent girls and boys regard as important determinants of mental health. Interviews with 48 children, 13 and 16 years old, in Sweden were held individually or in focus groups. The adolescents perceived mental health as an emotional experience, where positive as well as negative health is part of the concept. Family is the most important determinant for young people's mental health, closely followed by friends. Neither girls nor boys believed that there were any large differences in mental health between girls and boys. Age differences seemed to be more important than gender in the perception of mental health by children.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Parents and family are very important for COA, as for any other child or adolescent.
“Parents and family are very important for COA, as for any other child or adolescent (Bronfenbrenner, 1979, 2000; Johansson et al., 2007; Tinnfält et al., 2015; United Nations, 1989).”
From “I Feel It In My Heart When My Parents Fight”: Experiences of 7–9-Year-Old Children of Alcoholics (2018) · cites this paper as Johansson et al., 2007
Cites
Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research
McQuarrie, E. F., & Krueger, R. A. (1989) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172912 · Cited by 15,489 · see citing works
Erikson, E. H. (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18614668 · Cited by 13,081 · see citing works
Focus Groups as Qualitative Research
Morgan, D. (1997) · doi:10.4135/9781412984287 · Cited by 8,863 · see citing works
Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research
Billson, J. M. (1989) · Human Biology · Cited by 8,560 · see citing works
Marton, F., & Booth, S. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203053690 · Cited by 3,712 · see citing works
Anthony, E. J. (1969) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)62239-1 · Cited by 2,539 · see citing works
Towards a sociology for childhood : thinking from children's lives
Mayall, B. (2002) · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Introduction: The Challenge and Promise of Focus Groups
Kitzinger, J. V., & Barbour, R. S. (1999) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781849208857.n1 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Time trends in adolescent mental health
Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Goodman, R., & Pickles, A. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00335.x · Cited by 508 · see citing works
International Encyclopaedia of Education
Osborn, M. (1994) · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Vulnerable but invincible: high‐risk children from birth to adulthood
Werner, E. E. (1997) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb18356.x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Involving Children in Health and Social Research
Balen, R., Blyth, E., Calabretto, H., Fraser, C., Horrocks, C., & Manby, M. (2006) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568206059962 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Russian child mental health A cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors
Goodman, R., Slobodskaya, H. R., & Knyazev, G. G. (2005) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0420-8 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Vulnerable but invincible: High risk children from birth to adulthood
Werner, E. Ε. (1996) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/bf00538544 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Young people's perceptions of mental health
Armstrong, C., Hill, M., & Secker, J. (2000) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2000.tb00151.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-reported behavioural/emotional problems in Norwegian adolescents from multiethnic areas
Kvernmo, S. E., Wichstr�m, L., & Heyerdahl, S. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-0359-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Meaning of Mental Health from Elderly Women's Perspectives: A Basis for Health Promotion
Hedelin, B., & Strandmark, M. (2009) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2001.tb00611.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mental Health-Promoting Dialogue of School Nurses from the Perspective of Adolescent Pupils
Johansson, A., & Ehnfors, M. (2006) · Nordic journal of nursing research · doi:10.1177/010740830602600403 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationChild and Adolescent Mental Health Around The World: Challenges for Progress
Belfer, M. L. (2005) · Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1177/0973134220050103 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A new look at parenting during adolescence : reciprocal interactions in everyday life
Trost, K. (2002) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The School Playground as a Meeting Place for Hard of Hearing Children
Brunnberg, E. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research · doi:10.1080/15017410510032163 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationChinese Students’ Concept of Mental Health
Wang, W., & Miao, X. (2001) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939450122045131 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 23 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
School, Learning and Mental Health: A systematic review
Gustafsson, J., Allodi, M. W., Åkerman, B. A., Eriksson, C. C.-G., Eriksson, L., Fischbein, S., Granlund, M., Gustafsson, P. E., Ljungdahl, S., Ogden, T., et al. (2010) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationYouth sport as a context for supporting mental health: Adolescent male perspectives
Swann, C., Telenta, J., Draper, G., Liddle, S. K., Fogarty, A. S., Hurley, D., & Vella, S. A. (2017) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.11.008 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
MacLean, A., Sweeting, H. N., & Hunt, K. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.042 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Disordered eating among Australian adolescents: Prevalence, functioning, and help received
Sparti, C., Santomauro, D. F., Cruwys, T., Burgess, P. M., & Harris, M. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23032 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Experience of loneliness among adolescent girls and boys: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study
Rönkä, A. R., Rautio, A., Koiranen, M., Sunnari, V., & Taanila, A. M. (2013) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2013.805876 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Exploring self-rated health among adolescents: a think-aloud study
Joffer, J., Jerdén, L., Öhman, A., & Flacking, R. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2837-z · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Lubman, D. I., Cheetham, A., Jorm, A. F., Berridge, B. J., Wilson, C., Blee, F., Mckay-Brown, L., Allen, N., & Proimos, J. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4655-3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Willenberg, L., Wulan, N. R., Medise, B. E., Devaera, Y., Riyanti, A., Ansariadi, A., Wiguna, T., Kaligis, F., Fisher, J., Luchters, S. M. F., et al. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102148 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Online counselling in secondary schools: would students seek help by this medium?
Glasheen, K., Shochet, I. M., & Campbell, M. A. (2015) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2015.1017805 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
MacLean, A., Hunt, K., & Sweeting, H. (2013) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2011.00406.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Daily life for young adults who care for a person with mental illness: a qualitative study
Ali, L., Ahlström, B. H., Krevers, B., & Skärsäter, I. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01829.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hermann, V., Durbeej, N., Karlsson, A., & Sarkadi, A. (2022) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106660 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Children and youth’s perceptions of mental health—a scoping review of qualitative studies
Beckman, L., Hassler, S., & Hellström, L. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05169-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Högberg, B., Strandh, M., Johansson, K., & Petersen, S. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948221094497 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
O’Reilly, M. J., Taylor, H. C., & Vostanis, P. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.033 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Adolescent Children of Alcoholics on Disclosure, Support, and Assessment of Trustworthy Adults
Tinnfält, A., Eriksson, C., & Brunnberg, E. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-011-0225-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationAli, L., Krevers, B., Sjöström, N., & Skärsäter, I. (2013) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2013.10.020 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Young people's perspectives on health: empowerment, or risk?
Spencer, G. (2013) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/09654281311298803 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hedin, L., Höjer, I., & Brunnberg, E. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.07.016 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationHaycock, D., Jones, J., & Smith, A. (2020) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x20942264 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ståhl, Y. F., Granlund, M., Gäre-Andersson, B., & Enskär, K. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494810378918 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Peer-led focus groups as ‘dialogic spaces’ for exploring young people’s evolving values
Djohari, N., & Higham, R. J. E. (2020) · Cambridge Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/0305764x.2020.1754763 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Key competencies acquired from STEM education: gender-differentiated parental expectations
Zhan, Z., Li, Y., Hu, M. Y., & Lyu, S. (2023) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-01946-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hermann, V., Durbeej, N., Karlsson, A., & Sarkadi, A. (2022) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15496 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wiklund, M., Öhman, A., Bengs, C., & Malmgren‐Olsson, E. (2014) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244014537083 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Adolescent construction of mental illness: implication for engagement and treatment
Chisholm, K., Patterson, P. H., Greenfield, S., Turner, E., & Birchwood, M. J. (2016) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12347 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Schoolchildren’s perspectives on the meaning of mental health.
Svirydzenka, N., Bone, C., & Dogra, N. (2014) · Journal of Public Mental Health · doi:10.1108/jpmh-09-2012-0003 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The influence of living conditions on adolescent girls’ health
Larsson, M., Sundler, A. J., & Ekebergh, M. (2012) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.3402/qhw.v7i0.19059 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ståhl, Y. F. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“I Feel It In My Heart When My Parents Fight”: Experiences of 7–9-Year-Old Children of Alcoholics
Tinnfält, A., Fröding, K., Larsson, M., & Dalal, K. (2018) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-018-0544-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Parents and family are very important for COA, as for any other child or adolescent (Bronfenbrenner, 1979, 2000; Johansson et al., 2007; Tinnfält et al., 2015; United Nations, 1989).”
BackgroundLindholm, S. K. (2015) · Linköping studies in arts and science · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-122457 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Randell, E., Jerdén, L., Öhman, A., & Flacking, R. (2016) · The Open Nursing Journal · doi:10.2174/1874434601610010026 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Children’s Perspectives on Health: What Makes Children Feel Good According to Themselves?
Kostmann, E., & Nilsson, L. A. (2012) · International Journal of Education · doi:10.5296/ije.v4i1.914 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Seidu, A. (2020) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2020.1811287 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Good mental health for people with intellectual disabilities: a participatory focus group study
Komenda-Schned, S., Landskron, S. J., Moritz, P., Braunstein, N., Hochmeister, J., Riegler, K., Saugspier, R., Hillenkamp, L., Lueger‐Schuster, B., Salvador‐Carulla, L., et al. (2025) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-025-02562-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Qualitative Longitudinal Research with Children and Young People
Crivello, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-020-9_1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Schoolgirls’ health agency: silence, upset and cooperation in a psycho-educational assemblage
Wickström, A. (2018) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2018.1564518 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Adaptation and Validation of a Positive Health Scale for Adolescents
Warne, M. C., Snyder, K., & Gådin, K. G. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0516-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hassler, S., Støre, S. J., Persson, L. J. P., & Beckman, L. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20042-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flacking, R., Jerdén, L., Bergström, E., & Starrin, B. (2014) · Young · doi:10.1177/1103308814534043 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Life circumstances and adolescent mental health: Perceptions, associations and a gender analysis
Landstedt, E. (2010) · Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet (Diva) (Karlstad University) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
What characterises a good family? Giving voice to adolescents
Tinnfält, A., Jensen, J., & Eriksson, C. (2015) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2015.1018283 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationKomenda-Schned, S., Moritz, P., Landskron, S. J., Herscovici, A. R., Schomburg, C., Lehner, J., Lueger‐Schuster, B., Salvador‐Carulla, L., & Zeilinger, E. L. (2025) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-025-02540-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Komenda-Schned, S., Landskron, S. J., Moritz, P., Braunstein, N., Hochmeister, J., Riegler, K., Saugspier, R., Lueger‐Schuster, B., Salvador‐Carulla, L., & Zeilinger, E. L. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100601 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Montgomery, N. D., & Terrion, J. L. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2016.1154480 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wannebo, W., Devik, S. A., & Uhrenfeldt, L. (2018) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2018.1481310 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lindholm, S. K. (2016) · Ethnography & Education · doi:10.1080/17457823.2016.1232622 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ekornes, S. M. (2020) · Pastoral Care in Education · doi:10.1080/02643944.2020.1751686 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Leaving home: Investigating transitioning challenges faced by boarding students and their families
Hadwen, K. (2015) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Young people's perspectives on health-related risks
Spencer, G. (2008) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mental health and gender discourses in school: “Emotional” girls and boys “at risk”
Stentiford, L., Koutsouris, G., Nash, T., & Allan, A. (2024) · Educational Review · doi:10.1080/00131911.2024.2306947 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Proskurov, E. (2015) · Pedagogics psychology medical-biological problems of physical training and sports · doi:10.15561/18189172.2015.0706 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Qualitative Longitudinal Research with Children and Young People
Crivello, G. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-4585-89-7_1-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Beket, E. S., Hoogsteder, M. H. H., Popma, A., Creemers, D. H. M., & Rasing, S. P. A. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23638-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Discursive, embodied and gendered stress in modern youth
Wiklund, M. (2010) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Larsen, F. B., Lasgaard, M., Willert, M. V., & Sørensen, J. B. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0316759 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Depression in adolescence and the understanding of health—A phenomenographic study
Danielsson, K., Ahlborg, M. G., Mortazavi, R., Jarbin, H., & Larsson, I. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318061 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Adolescent boys' health : managing emotions, masculinities and subjective social status
Randell, E. (2016) · Dalarna University College Electronic Archive · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Black Boys’ Perceptions of Depression and Mental Health: Findings from the YBMen Project
Williams, E. G., Casanova, A., & Watkins, D. C. (2023) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spad018 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
MENTAL HEALTH: YOUNG PEOPLE'S KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, ATTITUDES AND WISHES
Webster, A. M. (2015) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Madhani, F., Tompkins, C., Jack, S. M., & Byrne, C. (2022) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2023.6198 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schumann, A., Vatne, T. M., Dalton, L. J., Rapa, E., & Fjermestad, K. W. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01263-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kokkonen, P., Athanasopoulou, C., Leino‐Kilpi, H., Puukka, P. J., & Sakellari, Ε. (2023) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-023-00043-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Covid-19: the impact of the pandemic and resulting support needs of children and young people
Hughes, B., & Jones, K. (2024) · Bereavement · doi:10.54210/bj.2024.1118 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Campos, L. (2013) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Álvarez, M., & Bergvall, Å. H. (2013) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Skolsköterskans förebyggande arbete mot psykisk ohälsa utifrån hälsosamtalet
Dalborg, F. (2011) · DiVA (University of Gävle)
McQuoid, C. (2010) · UR Research (University of Rochester)
Perceptions of Risk of Harm and Social Capital in Young People's Lives
Pringle, J. L. (2015) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)
Nygren, K. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Adolescents' Perceptions of Services Received at County Behavioral Health Care Centers
Long, M. A. (2011) · The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)
Mao, H., & Zhang, F. (2016) · Sinología hispánica China Studies Review · doi:10.18002/sin.v2i1.5253
Linderborg, C. (2013) · Örebro University Library (Örebro University)
Ali, L., Krevers, B., Sjöström, N., & Skärsäter, I. (2013) · Medicine 2.0 Conference
“I think I have a problem”. Disclosure of mental health difficulties by friends.Preprint
Lampard-Scotford, A. R. (2020) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/qt4fz
Unga mäns psykiska ohälsa i Norden
Randell, E. (2023) · TemaNord · doi:10.6027/temanord2023-543
Young men’s mental ill-health in the Nordics
Randell, E. (2023) · TemaNord · doi:10.6027/temanord2023-549
Adolescências e saúde mental: um diálogo a partir da estratégia do cine debate
Fabi, R. M., Gasparini, D. A., & Cid, M. F. B. (2025) · DESIDADES - Revista Científica da Infância Adolescência e Juventude · doi:10.54948/desidades.v1i40.63832
Mental health described by adolescents: a creative study
Gasparini, D. A., & Cid, M. F. B. (2025) · Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional · doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao399838862
A saúde mental retratada por adolescentes: uma pesquisa criativa
Gasparini, D. A., & Cid, M. F. B. (2025) · Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional · doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao399838861
Children’s Definitions of Mental Health: a Qualitative Content Analysis
Joseph, A., & Montagni, I. (2025) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-025-10296-w
Ramtohul, A., Glascott, M., & Giles, E. L. (2025) · The Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice · doi:10.1108/jmhtep-05-2024-0046
Barnkraft - en metod att stödja familjer med psykisk sjukdom
Linderborg, C. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Beckman, L. J., Hassler, S., & Hellström, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26617402
Hassler, S., Støre, S. J., Persson, L., & Beckman, L. J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27022744
Smith-Lewis, J. S. (2025) · Educational and Child Psychology · doi:10.53841/bpsecp.2025.42.4.109
Adolescent perspectives on mental health and an arts-based philosophical inquiry interventionPreprint
Benny, V., Stout, D., Bernier, M., Marchand, A., Fry, Z. D., Yobé, V., Michaud, O., & Malboeuf‐Hurtubise, C. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9368328/v1
- Authors
- Johansson, A., Brunnberg, E., & Eriksson, C.
- Corresponding author
- Johansson, Agneta
- Venue
- Journal of Youth Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 183-202
- ISSN
- 1367-6261 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9680
- OpenAlex
- W2072377039
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Youth Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Health and Behaviors
- Keywords
- adolescent mental health, gender differences, family influence on mental health, peer influence, age differences, emotional experience, child mental health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
