Shared emotions

“, goals, intentions) are qualitatively different from emotions elicited by private, individual intentions (Salmela, 2012).”

“bution is sometimes labeled as I-mode versus we-mode group emotions (Salmela, 2012; Tuomela, 1995), as in the following examples (Von Scheve &”

“There is some evidence to suggest that we project our own feelings onto others and therefore often mistake the emotions felt by others as being similar to our own (Salmela 2012).”

“For a discussion and critique of the former two, see Salmela (2012).”

“…alternatives, see Helm (2008, 2014), and Salmela (2012, 2014a) and, for a recent phenomenological alternative, Zahavi (2015); specifically, for critiques of Schmid’s conception of ‘‘phenomenological fusion’’ in collective emotions, see Salmela (2012), Guerrero (2014), and Zahavi (2015).”

“For a discussion and critique of the former two, see Salmela (2012).”

“In sum, there is hardly any doubt that in a collective assembly, emotions are transmitted from person to person, whether by one of the ways just mentioned or by still others (Chung et al., 2022; Parkinson, 2011, 2020, 2021; Salmela, 2012; Thonhauser, 2022; von Scheve & Ismer, 2013).”

“At any rate, the zombie conception is non-committal to such shared experiences (nor for that matter as to collective emotions; cf., e.g., Schmid 2009; Huebner 2011b; Salmela 2012).”

“, 2008; Kreibig, 2010) and a growing body of research in social psychology (e.g. Rimé et al., 2011; Salmela, 2012).”

“This indeed seems to be the case in rituals, which provide an ample basis for shared emotions that can be experienced at different stages of the ritual: excitement during its performance, joy when it succeeds, fear when its success is threatened, disappointment at failure, anger at those disturbing the ritual or viola…”

“The counter-intuition is that for an emotion to be genuinely shared, not only the underlying import, but also the affective experience must be shared.13 The concern-based account of shared emotions advanced by Salmela responds to this challenge (Salmela 2012; Salmela and Nagatsu 2016, 2017).”

“Many seem to reject this idea based on the intuition that first-person plural awareness will disappear with reflection (Salmela, 2012).”

“However, as it has been pointed out by Salmela (2012), relying on work of Tuomela (2007), there are many forms of sharing concerns: a concern for a given set of values can be shared among several individuals in different ways and with different degrees of intensity.”

“’ 57 Emotions like resentment, contempt, disgust, fear, or anger can more easily spread among a community with which one identi fi es, through mechanisms like emotional contagion and empathy.”

“…collective emotion in group behaviours related to a broad range of societal topics, such as social movements (Dunbar, 2022), group conflicts (Bar-Tal et al., 2007), responses to terrorist attacks (Garcia & Rimé, 2019), pandemics (Metzler et al., 2023) and climate change (Fritsche & Masson, 2021).”

“(Parkinson et al. 2005; Helm 2008; Salmela 2012).”

“”commonality” rather than “collectivity” as Salmela (2012) put it.”

“Shared emotion can be defined as an interpersonal pattern of emotions that emerges at group level [11–13].”

“I rejoice because of our winning, and as Salmela has put it, “this pronominal qualifier must be taken quite literal” (Salmela, 2012, p. 43).”

“…an interesting example of how the same kind of input—a feeling of “pleasant aggression”—can become, in different circumstances, part of individual and communal mental states, see Barrett (2017, pp. 141–142). shared mental states (Salmela, 2012; Zahavi, 2019; Salice and Miyazono, 2020; Crone, 2021).”

“With regard to socially sharing experiences and emotions in this study, we do not mean collective or group-based emotions (Kessler & Hollbach, 2005; Salmela, 2012; Smith & Mackie, 2016; Smith et al., 2007), but rather sharing individually experienced emotions in social reflection with significant others as to how to b…”

“Salmela (2012) confirms that these are similarities that contribute to the formation of a shared emotion and adds the similarities concerning physiological changes, action-tendencies, and the fundamental concerns of the participants.”

“5For a maximalist account of shared emotions, see Salmela (2012).”

“In recent years, several philosophical accounts of shared emotions have been offered (see e.g., Gilbert, 2002, 2014; Guerrero, 2016; Krueger, 2013; León & Zahavi, 2019; León et al., 2017; Michael, 2016; Salmela, 2012; Schmid, 2014, 2015; von Scheve & Salmela, 2014).”

“…concern of indignation can be described as a concern for the right understood as an attachment to the respect of superior common goods.14 In the OGVA case, the relevant ‘collectively shared concern’ (Salmela, 2012) for the modification of the charter was ‘respect for others’, as the charter shows.”

“However, some scholars argue that convergent individual emotions based on shared appraisals are not sufficient for collective emotions, which, as emotions of a collective, instead require mutual awareness and a joint affective experience (Salmela 2012; Thonhauser 2022).”

“…group and individual emotions were expected to be indicated by emotional language referencing a wider collective, such as attributions to “we” or “us” or expressed in a manner suggestive of collectively owned emotion (León & Zahavi, 2018; Salmela, 2012; Salmela & Nagatsu, 2016; Tuomela, 2013).”

“Further, the findings imply that shared emotions in movement can exist, and be exhibited in friendships (Salmela, 2012).”

“In fact, these are features of emotional sharing that appear in other, nontoken-identity accounts of shared emotion (Biglietti, 2025; Salmela, 2012; Szanto, 2015; Zahavi, 2015).”

“In the case of group-based emotions, we might speak of diachronic social extension, which might come in various degrees depending on the collectivity of the underlying concern (Salmela, 2012).”

“Shared interpretations of these and other events culminate in the experience and expression of similar emotions, both in terms of the synchronization of emotion and in terms of shared emotions in a strong ‘we-intentional’ sense (Salmela, 2012).”

“Salmela emphasizes that the three types of groups most probably form a continuum rather than a distinct set of either-or-options (2012), so it is not much of a surprise that some groups might be a mixture of forms of collectivity.”

“Cette intention partagée des participants – un alignement de leurs concerns (Salmela 2012) focalisé sur le rite lui-même – se traduit concrètement par les obligations réciproques qui les engagent les uns vis-à-vis des autres et qui sont mises au service du bon déroulement de leur performance…”

“Salmela (2012, 2022 ) adopts Tuomela’s ( 2007 ) terminology in characterizing such concerns as being shared in the we-mode , a vocabulary that corresponds to Tuomela’s description of collective intentionality.”

“…to acknowledge that in this article, I cannot do justice to the large and growing literature on collective emotions in philosophy and other disciplines such as psychology and sociology (Brady 2016; Huebner 2011; Salmela 2012; Schmid 2014; Seger, Smith, and Mackie 2009; von Scheve and Salmela 2014).”

“Hence, joint attention and shared emotions are closely linked and this link has often been highlighted in the literature (Hobson, 2002; Salmela, 2012).”

“Take the example (discussed by Scheler 1954, Schmid 2009 and Salmela 2012) of parents’ joint grief over their lost child.4 This is a strong example suggesting that there can be one token emotion, one token experience, had by two individuals together.”

“…von Scheve and Salmela 2014) and numerous philosophers (e.g., Gilbert 2002, 2014; Tollefsen 2006; Konzelmann Ziv 2007, 2009; Helm 2008, 2017; Schmid 2009, 2014; Huebner 2011; Michael 2011; Salmela 2012, 2014; Salmela and Nagatsu 2016a, 2016b; Krueger 2014, 2015; Szanto 2015, 2018; León et al.”

“98 So, the idea behind recovering Kierkegaard for the debate around the climate emergency is not to sideline or denigrate rival approaches that focus on the complexity of coordinated, joined-up responses.”

“These political emotions proper are a subset of shared emotions (Salmela 2012; Szanto 2015) and characterized by four features (Szanto and Slaby 2020; Osler and Szanto 2021).”

“23 See for example Barbalet and Demertzis 2013, p. 176 (on emotional climate); Salmela 2012; SanchézGuerrero 2011.”

“So it is possible for member agents to believe 25 Mikko Salmela (2012) notes that Gilbert’s joint commitment account seems to provide a ‘feeling rule’ for group emotions, rather than group emotions per se.”

“Gilbert denies that there is at least some difference that one should 14 Carefully discussed in Salmela 2012, 34 ff. accommodate.”

“It is generally agreed that “sharedness” of emotions come in degrees and that it is accompanied by a sense of us-ness (Salmela 2012).”

“…construction of these discourses.1 We use the term ‘transmission of emotions’ instead of the widely used term ‘sharing of emotions’ (Smith et al., 2007; Salmela, 2012, 2014) to indicate that we treat emotional experience not only as an internal state of mind that people come to share with each…”

“Instead, he sets out to develop a robust notion of shared emotion, entirely compatible with emotional individualism (Salmela, 2012: 44).”

“In light of this, we have reason to believe that it makes sense to hold collective agents morally 17 Another possible substitute consists of corporate or shared emotions that do not require corporate consciousness (see Gilbert 2002, 2006; Schmid 2008, and Salmela 2012).”