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The significance of attachment security for children’s social competence with peers: a meta-analytic study
Open accessAbstract
This meta-analytic review examines the association between attachment during the early life course and social competence with peers during childhood, and compares the strength of this association with those for externalizing and internalizing symptomatology. Based on 80 independent samples (N = 4441), the association between security and peer competence was significant (d = 0.39, CI 0.32; 0.47) and not moderated by the age at which peer competence was assessed. Avoidance (d = 0.17, CI 0.05; 0.30), resistance (d = 0.29, CI 0.09; 0.48), and disorganization (d = 0.25, CI 0.10; 0.40) were significantly associated with lower peer competence. Attachment security was significantly more strongly associated with peer competence than internalizing (but not externalizing) symptomatology. Discussion focuses on the significance of early attachment for the development of peer competence versus externalizing and internalizing psychopathology.
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“Empirical evidence indicates that secure peer attachment is associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior and with lower levels of aggression and other externalizing problems (Rajchert, 2015; Peng et al., 2021; Groh et al., 2014).”
From Peer Attachment and Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Role of Positive Legal Emotion and the Moderating Effect of Social Exclusion (2026) · cites this paper as Groh et al., 2014
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Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. M. P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Roisman, G. I. (2017) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12213 · Cited by 512
“to include in the meta-analysis (11) or the few studies limited the conclusions we could draw (10, 12, 13).”
BackgroundLong-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect
Strathearn, L., Giannotti, M., Mills, R., Kisely, S., Najman, J., & Abajobir, A. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0438 · Cited by 401
Granqvist, P., Sroufe, L. A., Dozier, M., Hesse, E., Steele, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Solomon, J., Schuengel, C., Fearon, P. R. M., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., et al. (2017) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2017.1354040 · Cited by 319
“…caregiver is best thought of as a risk factor for later social and externalizing problems, contributing as one factor among many others (Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Groh et al., 2014; Groh, Fearon, IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Roisman, 2017).”
Schoeler, T., Duncan, L., Cecil, C. A. M., Ploubidis, G. B., & Pingault, J. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000171 · Cited by 344
“Research on child development has also emphasized the importance of assessing the stability of effects of early life adversities over time (Fearon, Bakermans‐ Kranenburg, Van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Fraley, Roisman, & Haltigan, 2013; Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundParenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective
Frosch, C. A., Schoppe‐Sullivan, S. J., & O’Banion, D. (2019) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827619849028 · Cited by 286
“associated with a range of positive social and emotional outcomes in children.(12,13)”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Steele, R. D., & Roisman, G. I.
- Affiliations
- ,
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Groh, Ashley M.
- Venue
- Attachment & Human Development
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-02-18
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 103-136
- ISSN
- 1461-6734 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2988
- PMC
- PMC4021853
- OpenAlex
- W1980337381
- Cited by
- 495
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 48.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Attachment & Human Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (T32-HD07376)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007376)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- attachment security, peer social competence, attachment avoidance, disorganized attachment, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, early attachment, child psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Anomie, Child, Child, Preschool, Father-Child Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Peer Group, Personality Disorders, Social Adjustment, Reactive Attachment Disorder
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