The DOI matches its Crossref record; 132 of the 132 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The significance of attachment security for children’s social competence with peers: a meta-analytic study
Open accessAbstract
This meta-analytic review examines the association between attachment during the early life course and social competence with peers during childhood, and compares the strength of this association with those for externalizing and internalizing symptomatology. Based on 80 independent samples (N = 4441), the association between security and peer competence was significant (d = 0.39, CI 0.32; 0.47) and not moderated by the age at which peer competence was assessed. Avoidance (d = 0.17, CI 0.05; 0.30), resistance (d = 0.29, CI 0.09; 0.48), and disorganization (d = 0.25, CI 0.10; 0.40) were significantly associated with lower peer competence. Attachment security was significantly more strongly associated with peer competence than internalizing (but not externalizing) symptomatology. Discussion focuses on the significance of early attachment for the development of peer competence versus externalizing and internalizing psychopathology.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Empirical evidence indicates that secure peer attachment is associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior and with lower levels of aggression and other externalizing problems (Rajchert, 2015; Peng et al., 2021; Groh et al., 2014).”
From Peer Attachment and Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Role of Positive Legal Emotion and the Moderating Effect of Social Exclusion (2026) · cites this paper as Groh et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
(1969) · Cited by 18,340
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099 · cited 2×
“We used the “trim and fill” method (Duval & Tweedie, 2000a, 2000b) to calculate the effect of potential data censoring or publication bias on the outcome of the meta-analyses.”
BackgroundMethod(1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12,570
(2007) · Cited by 10,092
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
Rever, G. W. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011 · Cited by 8,446 · cited 3×
“Email: agroh@unc.edu Attachment & Human Development, 2014 Vol. 16, No. 2, 103–136, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2014.883636 © 2014 Taylor & Francis life course (Bowlby, 1969/1982).”
BackgroundInfluentialJournal of The American Statistical Association
Fienberg, S. E. (2004) · Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences · doi:10.1002/0471667196.ess1317 · Cited by 6,289
Research works printed but not linked: 28
- *Adams B. L. (1994). An investigation of the interrelationships among security of attachment parenting attitudes and the development of competence (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Adamson L. (1990). The relationship between attachment and social competence in peer relations in early childhood (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Agnor C. J. (2009). A proposed model of friendship quality and attachment in preschool children (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- Belsky, J., & Cassidy, J. (1995). Attachment theory and evidence. In M. Rutter & D. Hay (Eds.), Development through life (pp. 373–402). London: Blackwell.
- Borenstein, M., Rothstein, D., & Cohen, J. (2005). Comprehensive meta-analysis: A computer program for research synthesis [Computer software]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Biostat.
- *Burns S. R. (2002). Attachment security as a predictor of preschoolers’ prosocial responses to mothers and peers (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Bystritsky M. (1999). Relations among attachment quality parenting style quality of family environment and social adjustment (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertation and Theses database.
- Cassidy, J., Marvin, R. S., & The MacArthur Working Group on Attachment. (1992). Attachment organization in preschool children: Coding guidelines (Unpublished manuscript). Charlottesville: University of Virginia.
- *Cohn D. A. (1988). Security of attachment at six years of age and peer social competence in first-grade (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Cutler K. M.-Z. (1995). Parent-child attachment and communication styles: Relations with preschoolers’ peer communication styles (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- 10.1037/0012-1649.33.3.489 · DOI
- *Goldetsky G. L. (1999). Attachment and the development of peer-related social competency from the toddler period to the preschool period (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *LaFrenière P. J. (1982). From attachment to peer relations: An analysis of individual differences in social adaptation to the preschool group (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Lamarca P. M. (1995). An investigation of peer social relationships and self-awareness of preschool age children (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Mallik S. A. (2000). Attachment quality joint attention and behavior outcome in infants prenatally exposed to cocaine (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Milligan K. V. (2004). Attachment security and friendship quality in early childhood: A theoretical and methodological reconceptualization (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- Mullen, B., & Rosenthal, R. (1985). BASIC meta-analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- *Pancake V. R. (1988). Quality of attachment in infancy as a predictor of hostility and emotional distance in preschool peer relationships (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Pitterle P. (2003). The relationship between attachment and social-emotional adaptation and self-esteem in the preschool years (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Regan C. L. (1996). Continuity in children’s family and friendship relationships. Systematic biases in perceptions and interpretations as a possible mechanism of transmission: An attachment theory perspective (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Ritchie S. A. (1995). Attachment relationships of substance-exposed children with their caregivers and their teachers (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Silverman N. (1990). Attachment maternal behavior and preschool competence at age three (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 16, pp. 41–81). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- 10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.806 · DOI
- *Thompson S. L. (2000). The social skills of previously institutionalized children adopted from Romania (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Walls M. E. (1997). Multiple predictors of mother-child attachment and peer competency during the preschool years (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Weatherill R. P. (2007). Does the mother-child relationship moderate the effects of domestic violence on preschool behavior problems and social competence? (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
- *Wu F. (1992). Social competency of only-children in China: Associations among maternal attachment teacher attachment and peer relationships (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. M. P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Roisman, G. I. (2017) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12213 · Cited by 512
“to include in the meta-analysis (11) or the few studies limited the conclusions we could draw (10, 12, 13).”
BackgroundLong-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect
Strathearn, L., Giannotti, M., Mills, R., Kisely, S., Najman, J., & Abajobir, A. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0438 · Cited by 401
Granqvist, P., Sroufe, L. A., Dozier, M., Hesse, E., Steele, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Solomon, J., Schuengel, C., Fearon, P. R. M., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., et al. (2017) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2017.1354040 · Cited by 319
“…caregiver is best thought of as a risk factor for later social and externalizing problems, contributing as one factor among many others (Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Groh et al., 2014; Groh, Fearon, IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Roisman, 2017).”
Schoeler, T., Duncan, L., Cecil, C. A. M., Ploubidis, G. B., & Pingault, J. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000171 · Cited by 344
“Research on child development has also emphasized the importance of assessing the stability of effects of early life adversities over time (Fearon, Bakermans‐ Kranenburg, Van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Fraley, Roisman, & Haltigan, 2013; Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundParenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective
Frosch, C. A., Schoppe‐Sullivan, S. J., & O’Banion, D. (2019) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827619849028 · Cited by 286
“associated with a range of positive social and emotional outcomes in children.(12,13)”
BackgroundAttachment theory: progress and future directions.
Fearon, R. P. P., & Roisman, G. I. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.002 · Cited by 190
Adult attachment representations and depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis
Dagan, O., Facompré, C. R., & Bernard, K. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.091 · Cited by 228
Rethinking and Updating Demographic Questions: Guidance to Improve Descriptions of Research Samples
Hughes, J. L., Camden, A. A., & Yangchen, T. (2016) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2164-8204.jn21.3.138 · Cited by 237
Van Dam, L., Smit, D., Wildschut, B., Branje, S. J. T., Rhodes, J. E., Assink, M., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2018) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12248 · Cited by 174
“Subsequently, these secure working models of attachment may result in positive youth outcomes in several domains of functioning (e.g., Groh et al., 2014) or buffer against psychosocial problems (Colonnesi et al., 2011; Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Hoeve et…”
BackgroundJuffer, F., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.012 · Cited by 173
“Metaanalytic research has confirmed that securely attached children show more social competence and fewer externalizing and internalizing behavior problems than insecurely attached children [9, 10, 11].”
BackgroundDoyle, C., & Cicchetti, D. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12192 · Cited by 204
“The literature provides strong support for the cumulative and hierarchical depiction of social adaptation/ maladaptation across development following differences in early caregiving experiences (see Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundEarly Attachment Network with Mother and Father: An Unsettled Issue
Dagan, O., & Sagi‐Schwartz, A. (2017) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12272 · Cited by 160
Long, M., Verbeke, W., Ein‐Dor, T., & Vrtička, P. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.010 · Cited by 169
The building blocks of social competence: Contributions of the Consortium of Individual Development
Junge, C., Valkenburg, P. M., Deković, M., & Branje, S. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100861 · Cited by 218
“There is ample evidence that both parents’ (Feldman et al., 2013; Groh et al., 2014) as well as teachers’ characteristics (Wentzel, 2009) provide opportunities of interactions that contribute to a child’s social competence.”
BackgroundAttachment in institutionalized children: A review and meta-analysis
Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Barone, L. (2015) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.02.013 · Cited by 181
Mitić, M., Woodcock, K. A., Amering, M., Krammer, I., Stiehl, K. A. M., Zehetmayer, S., & Schrank, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.589403 · Cited by 176
“However, as discussed above—parental attachment, support, and positive parenting are crucial for the development of all self-building blocks (Groh et al., 2012, 2014; Hoeve et al., 2012; Madigan et al., 2013; Orth and Robins, 2019) and may even have a direct influence on SPR.”
BackgroundHernández, J. A. R., Zafra, E. M., Llor‐Esteban, B., & Jiménez‐Barbero, J. A. (2018) · The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context · doi:10.5093/ejpalc2018a11 · Cited by 132
“Some authors begin to be interested in fathers’ and mothers’ behavior separately, arguing that there is evidence that the association between parenting style and children’s externalizing behaviors may vary as a function of parents’ sex (Casas et al., 2006; Groh et al., 2014; Hart, Nelson, Robinson, Olsen, & McNeilly-C…”
BackgroundAttachment and Temperament in the Early Life Course: A Meta-Analytic Review
Groh, A. M., Narayan, A. J., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Roisman, G. I., Vaughn, B. E., Fearon, P. R. M., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12677 · Cited by 127
“As in Fearon et al. (2010) and Groh et al. (2012, 2014), we analyzed (publicly available) raw data pertinent to the aims of this meta-analysis from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development to examine associations between attachment and temperament within subsamples (e.g., low vs.…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHefner, D., Knop, K., Schmitt, S., & Vorderer, P. (2018) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2018.1433544 · Cited by 135
“…attachment of children to their parents can influence a healthy use of the mobile phone: By facilitating the development of (a) self-regulation (e.g., Mikulincer et al., 2003), (b) social competence (Groh et al., 2014), and (c) positive and secure social relationships (e.g., Furman et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodAttention to Faces Expressing Negative Emotion at 7 Months Predicts Attachment Security at 14 Months
Peltola, M. J., Forssman, L., Puura, K., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Leppänen, J. (2015) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12380 · Cited by 93
“, 1978; Bernier, Matte-Gagn e, B elanger, & Whipple, 2014; De Wolff & van IJzendoorn, 1997), and provided evidence for an enduring impact of attachment security on a range of measures of social adaptation such as externalizing and internalizing problems, social competence, and emotion regulation (Fearon, Bakermans-Kra…”
Maternal depression and infant attachment security: A meta‐analysis
Barnes, J., & Theule, J. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21812 · Cited by 125
A meta-analytic review of parenting interventions in foster care and adoption
Schoemaker, N. K., Wentholt, W. G. M., Goemans, A., Vermeer, H. J., Juffer, F., & Alink, L. R. A. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000798 · Cited by 113
“…& Fearon, 2012; Sroufe, Egeland, Carlson, & Collins, 2005; van IJzendoorn, Schuengel, & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 1999), whereas a secure attachment relationship promotes a more optimal social development, as well as adaptability and resilience in children (Groh et al., 2014; Sroufe et al., 2005).”
BackgroundGreen, C. J., Kalvaitis, D., & Worster, A. M. (2015) · Environmental Education Research · doi:10.1080/13504622.2015.1072136 · Cited by 96
“…who form secure attachments with caregivers are more confident, competent, and often display better social interactions with peers later in life (Groh et al. 2014), children who develop trusting relationships and secure bonds with nature will be eager to explore and act for the environment in…”
Backgroundvan der Voort, A., Juffer, F., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Children s Services · doi:10.1108/jcs-12-2013-0038 · Cited by 94
Waters, T. E. A., Bosmans, G., Vandevivere, E., Dujardin, A., & Waters, H. S. (2015) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039375 · Cited by 88
“…knowledge scores for each attachment related narrative and second by examining relations between script knowledge and internalizing and externalizing behaviors which have been linked to attachment security in previous research (e.g., Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2014; Madigan et al., 2013).”
InfluentialShuang, M., Yiqing, W., Ling, J., Guanzhen, O., Jing, G., Zhiyong, Q., & Xiao-hua, W. (2022) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.12.015 · Cited by 84
Developmental predictors of offending and persistence in crime: A systematic review of meta-analyses
Basto-Pereira, M., & Farrington, D. P. (2022) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2022.101761 · Cited by 109
The early care environment and DNA methylome variation in childhood
Garg, E., Chen, L., Nguyen, T. T. T., Pokhvisneva, I., Chen, L. M., Unternaehrer, E., MacIsaac, J. L., McEwen, L. M., Mah, S. M., Gaudreau, H., et al. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000627 · Cited by 82
“…early care environment that associates with child mental health outcomes (Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Groh et al., 2014; Groh, Rois-man, van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Fearon, 2012) and may buffer the effects of prenatal adversity on measures…”
Jin, K., Houston, J. L., Renée Baillargeon, B., Groh, A. M., & Roisman, G. I. (2018) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.12.004 · Cited by 86
“…Van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Fraley, Roisman, & Haltigan, 2013; Groh, Roisman, Van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Fearon, 2012; Groh et al., 2014; Jaffari-Bimmel, Juffer, Van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Mooijaart, 2006; Raby, Roisman, Fraley, & Simpson, 2015; Roisman &…”
Colonnesi, C., Zeegers, M. A. J., Majdandžić, M., van Steensel, F. J. A., & Bögels, S. M. (2019) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00537-2 · Cited by 81
Oberle, E., Guhn, M., Gadermann, A., Thomson, K., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.041 · Cited by 96
The Security Scale as a measure of attachment: meta-analytic evidence of validity
Brumariu, L. E., Madigan, S. L., Giuseppone, K. R., Abtahi, M. M., & Kerns, K. A. (2018) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2018.1433217 · Cited by 74
“hood and adolescence is related to social behavior, friendship, and popularity with peers (Groh et al., 2014; Pallini, Baiocco, Schneider, Madigan, & Atkinson, 2014).”
BackgroundAttachment, Mentalizing and Trauma: Then (1992) and Now (2022)
Fonagy, P., Campbell, C., & Luyten, P. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13030459 · Cited by 104
“In another meta-analysis by the same group, all three categories of insecure attachment were roughly equal risk factors in relation to social competence in children [13].”
BackgroundEvidence-Based Parenting Interventions to Promote Secure Attachment
Wright, B., & Edginton, E. (2016) · Global Pediatric Health · doi:10.1177/2333794x16661888 · Cited by 72
Reassessing the validity of the attachment Q‐sort: An updated meta‐analysis
Cadman, T., Diamond, P. R., & Fearon, P. R. M. (2017) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.2034 · Cited by 70
School Engagement and Well-Being in Adolescents: Mediating Roles of Hope and Social Competence
Demırcı, İ. (2020) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-020-09722-y · Cited by 75
AINSWORTH'S STRANGE SITUATION PROCEDURE: THE ORIGIN OF AN INSTRUMENT
van Rosmalen, L., van der Veer, R., & van der Horst, F. C. P. (2015) · Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/jhbs.21729 · Cited by 94
Residential Group Care as a Last Resort: Challenging the Rhetoric
Holmes, L., Connolly, C., Mortimer, E., & Hevesi, R. (2018) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2018.1455562 · Cited by 73
“This can lead to attachment difficulties and subsequent problems in the development of positive relationships (Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundDavies, P. T., Martin, M. J., & Cummings, E. M. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000410 · Cited by 64
“Second, studies have identified insecurity in the parent–child relationship as both a correlate of children’s emotional insecurity in the interparental relationship and a predictor of indices of poor social competence in adolescence (e.g., Allen et al., 2002; Davies, Martin, & Sturge-Apple, 2016; Groh et al., 2014).”
Leblanc, É., Dégeilh, F., Daneault, V., Beauchamp, M. H., & Bernier, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02141 · Cited by 75
Zou, S., & Wu, X. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01131-x · Cited by 64
Murphy, A., Steele, H., Steele, M., Allman, B., Kastner, T. A., & Dube, S. R. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31815-8_2 · Cited by 59
“Children who are classified as Disorganized are more likely to exhibit internalizing (Groh et al., 2014) and externalizing behavior problems (Belsky & Fearon, 2002; Lyons-Ruth & Jacobvitz, 2008) later in childhood, and to suffer from dissociation and personality disorders in late adolescence and young adulthood (Lyons…”
BackgroundJuffer, F., Struis, E., Werner, C. D., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community · doi:10.1080/10852352.2016.1198128 · Cited by 56
Farrell, A. K., Waters, T. E. A., Young, E. S., Englund, M. M., Carlson, E. E., Roisman, G. I., & Simpson, J. A. (2018) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2018.1541517 · Cited by 55
“…with distress and conflict as well as expectations/experiences in future relationships, such as with peers and romantic partners, affecting the functioning and quality of these relationships (Groh et al., 2014, 2017; Roisman, Collins, Sroufe, & Egeland, 2005; Waters, Brockmeyer, & Crowell, 2013).”
BackgroundOpioid Use Disorder, Attachment, and Parenting: Key Concerns for Practitioners
Mirick, R. G., & Steenrod, S. A. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-016-0449-1 · Cited by 51
Granqvist, P., Forslund, T., Fransson, M., Springer, L., & Lindberg, L. (2014) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2014.926946 · Cited by 53
Dagan, O., & Sagi‐Schwartz, A. (2021) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20446 · Cited by 47
Ramsdal, G. H., Bergvik, S., & Wynn, R. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1072224 · Cited by 63
“Supporting this view, one meta-analysis found a small to moderate association between early child–caregiver attachment and childhood peer competence (Groh et al., 2014).”
Inguglia, C., Liga, F., Coco, A. L., Musso, P., & Ingoglia, S. (2018) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9702-6 · Cited by 52
Emotion Regulation and Relational Aggression in Adolescents: Parental Attachment as Moderator
Kokkinos, C. M., Algiovanoglou, I., & Voulgaridou, I. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01491-9 · Cited by 48
Guild, D. J., Toth, S. L., Handley, E. D., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000207 · Cited by 48
“As children develop, these models become generalized to encompass views of the self, others, and the nature of relationships, thereby impacting children’s relationships with peers and their mental health (Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundÇıldır, D. A., Özbek, A., Topuzoǧlu, A., Orcin, E., & Janbakhishov, C. E. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21822 · Cited by 55
Attachment organization in Arabic-speaking refugees with post traumatic stress disorder
Riber, K. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1124442 · Cited by 48
“(Lyons-Ruth & Jacobvitz, 2008), which is known to carry the highest risk for later externalizing symptoms (Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPersonality versus traffic accidents; meta-analysis of real and method effects
Wåhlberg, A., Barraclough, P., & Freeman, J. (2017) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.10.009 · Cited by 46
“…such values are found, these deviating numbers can be excluded (e.g. Bond & Smith, 1996; Eagly, Makhijani & Klonsky, 1992; de Winter & Dodou, 2010; Groh et al., 2014; Fournier, Hass, Naik, Lodha & Cauraugh, 2010), although most meta-analysts in social science do not proceed beyond concluding that…”
BackgroundLux, U., & Walper, S. (2019) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2019.1582597 · Cited by 45
“More recent meta-analytic evidence (10 studies) even suggests that children’s attachment security in relation to the mother is more strongly associated with peer competence than attachment to father (dM = 0.39 vs. dF = 0.14; Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPan, Y., Hu, Y., Zhang, D., Ran, G., Li, B., Liu, C., Liu, G., Luo, S., & Chen, W. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.10.038 · Cited by 44
Preschool children’s attachment security is associated with their sharing with others
Paulus, M., Becker, E., Scheub, A., & König, L. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1100208 · Cited by 44
“These findings support the notion that attachment security fosters social competence in general (e.g., Barone & Lionetti, 2012; for a review see Groh et al., 2014) as well as empathy and altruistic behavior in particular (Mikulincer, Shaver, Gillath, & Nitzberg, 2005); and plays thus an important…”
ResultBarone, L., Lionetti, F., & Green, J. (2017) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2017.1306714 · Cited by 44
“For example, security has been found to promote social competences, effortful control, and sharing behaviors (Barone & Lionetti, 2012a; Groh et al., 2014; Paulus, Becker, Scheub, & König, 2015; Viddal et al., 2015); also meta-analytical findings confirm the association between nonsecure patterns (i.”
ResultFernandes, C., Monteiro, L., dos Santos, A. J., Fernandes, M., Antunes, M., Vaughn, B. E., & Veríssimo, M. (2019) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2019.1692045 · Cited by 44
“The validity of this instrument was confirmed in previous meta-analysis (e.g. Groh et al., 2014; van IJzendoorn et al., 2004).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKochendorfer, L. B., & Kerns, K. A. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0645-0 · Cited by 42
“…a more secure attachment relationship provides the foundation for higher quality relationships with peers (Sroufe et al. 1999), as well as evidence that attachment is associated with higher quality of other close peer relationships, specifically friendship (Groh et al. 2014; Pallini et al. 2014).”
BackgroundResultMiddle Childhood Attachment Strategies: validation of an observational measure
Brumariu, L. E., Giuseppone, K. R., Kerns, K. A., de Walle, M. V., Bureau, J., Bosmans, G., & Lyons‐Ruth, K. (2018) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2018.1433696 · Cited by 42
Thomas, A. J., Saxe, R. R., & Spelke, E. S. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2121390119 · Cited by 41
Granqvist, P., Hesse, E., Fransson, M., Main, M., Hageküll, B., & Bohlin, G. (2016) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2016.1151061 · Cited by 41
“…conditions, they may actually tap something as complex and predictive (e.g., Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Groh et al., 2014; van IJzendoorn et al., 1999) as the organization (or lack thereof) of children’s attachment behaviours with a reasonable degree…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThemes and Theories Revisited: Perspectives on Processes in Family–Peer Relationships
Ladd, G. W., & Parke, R. D. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8060507 · Cited by 49
“, poverty, fetal exposure to teratogens, child psychopathology), strengthen or weaken the effects of early attachment security on children’s social development [17,18].”
BackgroundBrain activity and infant attachment history in young men during loss and reward processing
Quevedo, K. M., Waters, T. E. A., Scott, H., Roisman, G. I., Shaw, D. S., & Forbes, E. E. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000116 · Cited by 40
Smith‐Nielsen, J., Tharner, A., Steele, H., Cordes, K., Mehlhase, H., & Væver, M. S. (2016) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.06.002 · Cited by 40
Do early caregiving experiences leave an enduring or transient mark on developmental adaptation?
Fraley, R. C., & Roisman, G. I. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.007 · Cited by 39
Væver, M. S., Smith‐Nielsen, J., & Lange, T. (2016) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0166-8 · Cited by 41
“Moreover, infant-mother attachment quality has been documented to play a crucial role in the child’s subsequent social and emotional development [6, 10, 11, 76].”
BackgroundMethodMordeno, I. G., Gallemit, I. M. J. S., Lantud, S. S. B., & Hall, B. J. (2019) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.288 · Cited by 39
Ertmann, R. K., Bang, C. W., Kriegbaum, M., Væver, M. S., Kragstrup, J., Siersma, V., Wilson, P., Lutterodt, M. C., & Smith‐Nielsen, J. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00499-x · Cited by 37
Allen, B., Bendixsen, B. H., Fenerci, R. L. B., & Green, J. (2018) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2018.1429477 · Cited by 38
“(4) Attachment security is consistently linked with the development of core regulatory competencies such as emotion identification and regulation, and social skills/ competence (Cooke, Stuart-Parrigon, Movahed-Abtahi, Koehn, & Kerns, 2016; Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundWright, B., Hackney, L., Hughes, E., Barry, M., Glaser, D., Prior, V., Allgar, V., Marshall, D., Barrow, J., Kirby, N., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180858 · Cited by 34
Brown, G. L., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Shigeto, A., & Wong, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000472 · Cited by 38
Deneault, A., Duschinsky, R., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Roisman, G. I., Ly, A., Fearon, P. R. M., & Madigan, S. L. (2023) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2023.101093 · Cited by 44
Attachment in family foster care: Literature review of associated characteristics
West, D., Vanderfaeillie, J., Hove, L. V., Gypen, L., & Holen, F. V. (2020) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/2516103220915624 · Cited by 30
“Insecure attachment is inter alia associated with psychosocial problems (Bohlin et al., 2000; Groh et al., 2014; Pallini et al., 2014; Speltz et al., 1999; Verı́ssimo et al., 2014), externalizing behavioral problems (Fearon et al., 2010), and internalizing behavioral problems (Groh et al., 2012).”
BackgroundAttachment and Developmental Psychopathology
Fearon, P. R. M., Groh, A. M., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Roisman, G. I. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy108 · Cited by 41
Wang, P., Hu, H., Mo, P. K. H., Ouyang, M., Geng, J., Zeng, P., & Mao, N. (2022) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2022.2034726 · Cited by 38
“It is important to study the effect of father-child and mother-child interaction separately, as parents’ gender may influence the relationship between parenting style and children’s behavioral problems (e.g. Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundZarrella, I., Lonigro, A., Perrella, R., Caviglia, G., & Laghi, F. (2016) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2016.1266486 · Cited by 35
“About this hypothesis, there are various works available in literature on the relation between ToM, prosociality/antisociality and attachment (Abraham & Kerns, 2013; Groh et al., 2014; Hünefeldt, Laghi, Ortu, & Belardinelli, 2013; Nickerson, Mele, & Princiotta, 2008; Pallini, Baiocco, Schneider, Madigan, & Atkinson, 2…”
Cassibba, R., Castoro, G., Costantino, E., Sette, G., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2014) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21486 · Cited by 34
Child Development Across Cultures
Molitor, A., & Hsu, H. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119519348.ch8 · Cited by 34
Oxytocin and Human Sensitive and Protective Parenting
Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_23 · Cited by 36
“In turn, secure infant–parent attachment is associated with better child socioemotional outcomes, including higher quality interpersonal relationships and lower externalizing and internalizing problems (Fearon et al. 2010; Groh et al. 2012, 2014).”
BackgroundSecure attachment promotes the development of effortful control in boys
Viddal, K. R., Berg‐Nielsen, T. S., Wan, M. W., Green, J., Hygen, B. W., & Wichstrøm, L. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2014.999098 · Cited by 32
“The comparatively advanced social (Groh et al., 2014), emotional (Ontai & Thompson, 2002; Steele, Steele, Croft, & Fonagy, 1999) and relational competencies (Pallini, Baiocco, Schneider, Madigan, & Atkinson, 2014) of securely attached childrenmay expose them in early childhood to opportunities to…”
BackgroundMultiple Levels of Family Factors and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms Among Chinese Children
Lin, X., Li, L., Heath, M. A., Chi, P., Xu, S., & Fang, X. (2016) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12269 · Cited by 35
“In contrast, a secure parent–child bond protects the child from adverse developmental outcomes (Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Dagan, O., Cárcamo, R. A., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2025) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2024.2422045 · Cited by 31
“Note that the largest adolescent sample to date ( N = 819, Groh et al., 2014) also reported 35% insecure-dismissing classifications.”
Quality of attachment in infants less than 1500g or less than 32weeks. Related factors
López-Maestro, M., Sierra-Garcia, P., Diaz-Gonzalez, C., Torres-Valdivieso, M. J., Lora-Pablos, D., Ares-Segura, S., & Pallás-Alonso, C. R. (2017) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.11.003 · Cited by 43
Dalgaard, N. T., Filges, T., Viinholt, B. C. A., & Pontoppidan, M. (2022) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.1209 · Cited by 50
“A number of studies support the associations between disorganised‐disoriented attachment in early childhood and the subsequent development of adverse child outcome (Alpern & Repacholi, 1993; Carlson, 1998; Groh et al., 2014; Moss et al., 2006).”
Lindblom, J., Vänskä, M., Flykt, M. S., Tolvanen, A. J., Tiitinen, A. E., Tulppala, M., & Punamäki, R. (2016) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000260 · Cited by 34
Badovinac, S. D., Martin, J., Guérin‐Marion, C., O’Neill, M. C., Riddell, R. P., Bureau, J., & Spiegel, R. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204374 · Cited by 36
Secure base scripted knowledge and preschoolers’ social competence in samples from Mexico and Peru
Nóblega, M., Bárrig-Jó, P., Gonzalez, L., Fourment, K., Quiroz, F. S., Vizuet, A., & Posada, G. (2019) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2019.1575548 · Cited by 30
“…of the child-mother attachment relationship, inferred from children’s behavior, and children’s competence in their exchanges with others in different social arenas (Berlin et al., 2008; Groh et al., 2014; Pallini et al., 2014; Schneider et al., 2001; Thompson, 2016), and extend it in two ways.”
BackgroundGarner, P. W., Dunsmore, J. C., & Bassett, H. H. (2019) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.09.001 · Cited by 35
Eitenmüller, P., Köhler, S., Hirsch, O., & Christiansen, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.815822 · Cited by 41
Wright, B., Fearon, P. R. M., Garside, M., Tsappis, E., Amoah, E., Glaser, D., Allgar, V. L., Minnis, H., Woolgar, M., Churchill, R. C., et al. (2023) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/ivcn8847 · Cited by 37
Rabinowitz, J. A., & Drabick, D. A. G. (2017) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2017.03.001 · Cited by 30
Kuo, P. X., Saini, E. K., Tengelitsch, E., & Volling, B. L. (2019) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2019.1582595 · Cited by 29
“Attachment researchers have long focused on the developmental sequelae of the mother-infant attachment relationship (Groh et al., 2014; Howes & Spieker, 2008; Thompson, 2008), undoubtedly influenced by Bowlby’s own thinking on the primacy of the mother-infant relationship (Bretherton, 1985).”
BackgroundThe Cambridge Handbook of Infant Development
Lockman, J. J., Hertz, D., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Brain, B. C., Context..........................................., Rey, J., Falck-Ytter, T., Jones, E., Maurer, D., Cirelli, L., et al. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959 · Cited by 31
Campbell, C., & Allison, E. (2022) · Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/02668734.2022.2089906 · Cited by 38
“…the crucibles of development – the role of early attachment and mentalizing caregivers in supporting children’s social functioning is well-evidenced (Groh et al., 2014; Luyten et al., 2020) – we have not paid enough attention to the fact that the dyad is operating within and responding to a…”
BackgroundPsouni, E. (2019) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2019.1582598 · Cited by 27
“More recent findings highlight unique developmental benefits from the child’s attachment to father (Groh et al., 2014; Kochanska & Kim, 2013; Lucassen et al., 2015), while meta-analysis indicates that themother’s and father’s adult attachment representations based on their upbringing are equally…”
BackgroundMagro, S. W., Hobbs, K. A., Li, P. H., Swenson, P., Riegelman, A., Rios, J. A., & Roisman, G. I. (2023) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2023.2258767 · Cited by 43
“Social competence encompasses a variety of more specific constructs (Groh et al., 2014; Rose-Krasnor, 1997), including individual social skills , or the ability to use appropriate behaviors when interacting with others in a variety of environments (e.g., self-regulation in social situations,…”
Porcar, A. M. T., Doménech, A., & Mestre, V. (2018) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.34.2.308151 · Cited by 27
“En síntesis, se puede afirmar que el apego seguro se relaciona con estrategias de afrontamiento más adaptativas ante situaciones estresantes (Abraham y Kerns, 2013; Groh et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMuzi, S., & Pace, C. S. (2021) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2021.1899386 · Cited by 27
“…to attachment macro-categories (Salcuni et al., 2017), a micro-analysis of attachment narratives would allow an investigation also of attachment-related domains, which are related to adolescent’s well-being (Borelli et al., 2019; Groh et al., 2014b; Pace et al., 2018; Torres-Gomez et al., 2020).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Steele, R. D., & Roisman, G. I.
- Affiliations
- ,
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Groh, Ashley M.
- Venue
- Attachment & Human Development
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-02-18
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 103-136
- ISSN
- 1461-6734 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2988
- PMC
- PMC4021853
- OpenAlex
- W1980337381
- Cited by
- 495
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 48.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Attachment & Human Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (T32-HD07376)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007376)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- attachment security, peer social competence, attachment avoidance, disorganized attachment, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, early attachment, child psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Anomie, Child, Child, Preschool, Father-Child Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Peer Group, Personality Disorders, Social Adjustment, Reactive Attachment Disorder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review