The DOI matches its Crossref record; 217 of the 217 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction: acute positive reinforcement and withdrawal
Abstract
The neurobiology of nicotine addiction is reviewed within the context of neurobiological and behavioral theories postulated for other drugs of abuse. The roles of various neurotransmitter systems, including acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and opioid peptides in acute nicotine reinforcement and withdrawal from chronic administration are examined followed by a discussion of potential neuroadaptations within these neurochemical systems that may lead to the development of nicotine dependence. The link between nicotine administration, depression and schizophrenia are also discussed. Finally, a theoretical model of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying acute nicotine withdrawal and protracted abstinence involves alterations within dopaminergic, serotonergic, and stress systems that are hypothesized to contribute to the negative affective state associated with nicotine abstinence.
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“This phenomenon could also underlie the cyclical mood dysregulation experienced by smokers between smoking episodes, and could therefore perpetuate smoking behavior (Watkins et al., 2000).”
From Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states (2015) · cites this paper as Watkins et al., 2000
Citations
Cites
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A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation
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Leventhal, A. M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000003 · Cited by 524
Nicotine addiction and nicotinic receptors: lessons from genetically modified mice
Changeux, J.-P. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2849 · Cited by 453
Neurobiology of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome
Kenny, P. J., & Markou, A. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00651-7 · Cited by 310
Hughes, J. (2007) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200701188927 · Cited by 173
Picciotto, M. R., Lewis, A. S., van Schalkwyk, G. I., & Mineur, Y. S. (2015) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.028 · Cited by 157
Metadata
- Authors
- S. Watkins, G. F. K.
- Venue
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-02-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-37
- ISSN
- 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-994X
- OpenAlex
- W2158696674
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 217
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 8.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5f31da005898-02)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA04398, DA-08467, DA05898, R01DA004398, R01DA008467)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- nicotine dependence, nicotine withdrawal, nicotine reinforcement, neurotransmitter systems, acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, opioid peptides, neural adaptation, depression, schizophrenia, negative affect, abstinence, stress system
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mental Disorders, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neuropeptides, Reinforcement, Psychology, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Tobacco Use Disorder, Neurotransmitter Agents
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