Does smoking reduction increase future cessation and decrease disease risk? A qualitative review
Abstract
This review examines whether reduction in smoking among smokers not currently interested in quitting (a) undermines or promotes future smoking cessation or (b) decreases the risks of developing smoking-related diseases. Systematic computer searches and other methods located 19 studies examining reduction and subsequent cessation and 10 studies examining reduction and disease risk. Because of the heterogeneity of methods and results, a meta-analysis could not be undertaken. None of 19 studies found that reduction undermined future cessation, and 16 found that reduction was associated with greater future cessation, including the two randomized trials of reduction versus nonreduction. The 10 trials of disease risk found conflicting results, and none was an adequate test. We conclude that (a) smoking reduction increases the probability of future cessation and (b) whether smoking reduction decreases the risks of smoking-related diseases has not been adequately tested.
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Other studies have shown either an improved or no effect on disease risk with cigarette reduction.
“Other studies have shown either an improved or no effect on disease risk with cigarette reduction (131).”
From Tobacco addiction (2008) · cites this paper as [131]
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- Authors
- Hughes, J., & Carpenter, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hughes, John
- ORCID
- Carpenter, Matthew
- Venue
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-12-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 739-749
- ISSN
- 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-994X
- OpenAlex
- W2021516778
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-11557, R01DA011557, DA00490)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- smoking reduction, smoking cessation, smoking-related diseases, disease risk, nicotine dependence, tobacco control
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Attitude to Health, Coronary Disease, Humans, Motivation, Smoking, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Risk Reduction Behavior, Harm Reduction
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