Cited by 239Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and Interventions

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Does smoking reduction increase future cessation and decrease disease risk? A qualitative review

Hughes, John, Carpenter, Matthew·2006·Nicotine & Tobacco Research

DOI 10.1080/14622200600789726

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Abstract

This review examines whether reduction in smoking among smokers not currently interested in quitting (a) undermines or promotes future smoking cessation or (b) decreases the risks of developing smoking-related diseases. Systematic computer searches and other methods located 19 studies examining reduction and subsequent cessation and 10 studies examining reduction and disease risk. Because of the heterogeneity of methods and results, a meta-analysis could not be undertaken. None of 19 studies found that reduction undermined future cessation, and 16 found that reduction was associated with greater future cessation, including the two randomized trials of reduction versus nonreduction. The 10 trials of disease risk found conflicting results, and none was an adequate test. We conclude that (a) smoking reduction increases the probability of future cessation and (b) whether smoking reduction decreases the risks of smoking-related diseases has not been adequately tested.

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Authors: Hughes, J., & Carpenter, M.
Affiliations: University of Vermont (US)
Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author: Hughes, John
ORCID: Carpenter, Matthew
Venue: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2006-12-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Pages: 739-749
ISSN: 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
1469-994X
DOI: 10.1080/14622200600789726
OpenAlex: W2021516778
Cited by: 238
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 1.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-11557, R01DA011557, DA00490)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: smoking reduction, smoking cessation, smoking-related diseases, disease risk, nicotine dependence, tobacco control
MeSH terms: Smoking Prevention, Attitude to Health, Coronary Disease, Humans, Motivation, Smoking, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Risk Reduction Behavior, Harm Reduction

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Does smoking reduction increase future cessation and decrease disease risk? A qualitative review

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